Commission Regulation (EU) No 327/2011 of 30 March 2011 implementing Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW Text with EEA relevance

ANNEX I

ECODESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR FANS

1. Definitions for the purposes of Annex I

(1) ‘Measurement category’ means a test, measurement or usage arrangement that defines the inlet and outlet conditions of the fan under test.

(2) ‘Measurement category A’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with free inlet and outlet conditions.

(3) ‘Measurement category B’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with free inlet and with a duct fitted to its outlet.

(4) ‘Measurement category C’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with a duct fitted to its inlet and with free outlet conditions.

(5) ‘Measurement category D’ means an arrangement where the fan is measured with a duct fitted to its inlet and outlet.

(6) ‘Efficiency category’ means the fan gas output energy form used to determine the fan energy efficiency, either static efficiency or total efficiency, where: (a) ‘fan static pressure’ (psf) has been used to determine fan gas power in the efficiency equation for fan static efficiency; and (b) ‘fan total pressure’ (pf) has been used to determine fan gas power in the efficiency equation for total efficiency.

(7) ‘Static efficiency’ means the energy efficiency of a fan, based upon measurement of the ‘fan static pressure’ (psf).

(8) ‘Fan static pressure’ (psf) means the fan total pressure (pf) minus the fan dynamic pressure corrected by the Mach factor.

(9) ‘Stagnation pressure’ means the pressure measured at a point in a flowing gas if it were brought to rest via an isentropic process.

(10) ‘Dynamic pressure’ means the pressure calculated from the mass flow rate, the average gas density at the outlet and the fan outlet area.

(11) ‘Mach factor’ means a correction factor applied to dynamic pressure at a point, defined as the stagnation pressure minus the pressure with respect to absolute zero pressure which is exerted at a point at rest relative to the gas around it and divided by the dynamic pressure.

(12) ‘Total efficiency’ means the energy efficiency of a fan, based upon measurement of the ‘fan total pressure’ (pf ).

(13) ‘Fan total pressure’ (pf ) means the difference between the stagnation pressure at the fan outlet and the stagnation pressure at the fan inlet.

(14) ‘Efficiency grade’ is a parameter in the calculation of the target energy efficiency of a fan of specific electric input power at its optimum energy efficiency point (expressed as parameter ‘N’ in the calculation of the fan energy efficiency).

(15) The ‘target energy efficiency’ (ηtarget) is the minimum energy efficiency a fan must achieve in order to meet the requirements and is based on its electrical input power at its point of optimum energy efficiency, where ηtarget is the output value from the appropriate equation in Section 3 of Annex II, using the applicable integer N of the efficiency grade (Annex I, Section 2, Tables 1 and 2) and the electrical power input Pe(d) of the fan expressed in kW at its point of optimum energy efficiency in the applicable energy efficiency formula.

(16) ‘Variable speed drive (VSD)’ means an electronic power converter integrated — or functioning as one system — with the motor and the fan, that continuously adapts the electrical power supplied to the electric motor in order to control the mechanical power output of the motor according to the torque-speed characteristic of the load being driven by the motor, excluding variable voltage controllers where only the supply voltage for the motor is varied.

(17) ‘Overall efficiency’ is either ‘static efficiency’ or ‘total efficiency’, whichever is applicable.

2. Fan energy efficiency requirements

The minimum energy efficiency requirements for fans are set out in Tables 1 and 2.

Fan types	Measurement category (A-D)	Efficiency category (static or total)	Power range P in kW	Target energy efficiency	Efficiency grade (N)
Axial fan	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	36
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	50
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
Centrifugal forward curved fan and centrifugal radial bladed fan	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	37
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	42
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
Centrifugal backward curved fan without housing	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	58
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
Centrifugal backward curved fan with housing	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	58
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	61
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
Mixed flow fan	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	47
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	58
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
Cross flow fan	B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 1,14 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N	13
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = N
Fan types	Measurement category (A-D)	Efficiency category (static or total)	Power range P in kW	Target energy efficiency	Efficiency grade (N)
---	---	---	---	---	---
Axial fan	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	40
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	58
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
Centrifugal forward curved fan and centrifugal radial bladed fan	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	44
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 2,74 · ln(P) – 6,33 + N	49
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 0,78 · ln(P) – 1,88 + N
Centrifugal backward curved fan without housing	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	62
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
Centrifugal backward curved fan with housing	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	61
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	64
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
Mixed flow fan	A, C	static	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	50
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 4,56 · ln(P) – 10,5 + N	62
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = 1,1 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N
Cross flow fan	B, D	total	0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10	ηtarget = 1,14 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N	21
10 < P ≤ 500	ηtarget = N

3. Product information requirements on fans

1.The information on fans set out in points 2(1) to 2(14) shall be visibly displayed on:

(a) the technical documentation of fans;

(b) free access websites of manufacturers of fans.

2.The following information shall be displayed:

(1) overall efficiency (η), rounded to 1 decimal place;

(2) measurement category used to determine the energy efficiency (A-D);

(3) efficiency category (static or total);

(4) efficiency grade at optimum energy efficiency point;

(5) whether the calculation of fan efficiency assumed use of a VSD and if so, whether the VSD is integrated within the fan or the VSD must be installed with the fan;

(6) year of manufacture;

(7) manufacturer’s name or trade mark, commercial registration number and place of manufacturer;

(8) product’s model number;

(9) the rated motor power input(s) (kW), flow rate(s) and pressure(s) at optimum energy efficiency;

(10) rotations per minute at the optimum energy efficiency point;

(11) the ‘specific ratio’;

(12) information relevant for facilitating disassembly, recycling or disposal at end-of-life;

(13) information relevant to minimise impact on the environment and ensure optimal life expectancy as regards installation, use and maintenance of the fan;

(14) description of additional items used when determining the fan energy efficiency, such as ducts, that are not described in the measurement category and not supplied with the fan.

3.The information in the technical documentation shall be provided in the order as presented in points 2(1) to 2(14). The exact wording used in the list does not need to be repeated. It may be displayed using graphs, figures or symbols rather than text.

4.The information referred to in points 2(1), 2(2), 2(3), 2(4) and 2(5) shall be durably marked on or near the rating plate of the fan, where for point 2(5) one of the following forms of words must be used to indicate what is applicable:

— ‘A variable speed drive must be installed with this fan’,

— ‘A variable speed drive is integrated within the fan’.

5.Manufacturers shall provide information in the manual of instruction on specific precautions to be taken when fans are assembled, installed or maintained. If provision 2(5) of the product information requirements indicates that a VSD must be installed with the fan, manufacturers shall provide details on the characteristics of the VSD to ensure optimal use after assembly.

ANNEX II

MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS

1. Definitions for the purposes of Annex II

(1) ‘Inlet stagnation volume flow rate’ (q) is the volume of gas that passes through the fan per unit of time (in m³/s) and is calculated on the basis of the mass of gas moved by the fan (in kg/s) divided by the density of this gas at the fan inlet (in kg/m³).

(2) ‘Compressibility factor’ is a dimensionless number that describes the amount of compressibility that the gas stream experiences during the test and is calculated as the ratio of the mechanical work done by the fan on the gas to the work that would be done on an incompressible fluid with the same mass flow, inlet density and pressure ratio, taking into account the fan pressure as ‘total pressure’ (kp) or ‘static pressure’ (kps).

(3) kps means compressibility coefficient for the calculation of fan static gas power.

(4) kp means compressibility coefficient for the calculation of fan total gas power.

(5) ‘Final assembly’ means a finished or assembled on-site assembly of a fan that contains all the elements to convert electric energy into fan gas power without the need to add more parts or components.

(6) ‘Not final assembly’ means an assembly of fan parts, consisting of at least the impeller, which needs one or more externally supplied components in order to be able to convert electric energy into fan gas power.

(7) ‘Direct drive’ means a driving arrangement for a fan where the impeller is fixed to the motor shaft, either directly or with a co-axial coupling, and where the impeller speed is identical to the motor’s rotational speed.

(8) ‘Transmission’ means a driving arrangement for a fan which is not ‘direct drive’ as defined above. Such driving arrangements may include transmissions using a belt-drive, gearbox or slipping coupling.

(9) ‘Low-efficiency drive’ means a transmission using a belt whose width is less than three times the height of the belt or using some other form of transmission apart from a ‘high-efficiency drive’.

(10) ‘High-efficiency drive’ means a transmission using a belt whose width is at least three times the height of the belt, a toothed belt or using toothed gears.

2. Measurement method

For the purposes of compliance and verification of compliance with the requirements of this Regulation, measurements and calculations must be made using a reliable, accurate and reproducible method, which takes into account the generally recognised state-of-the-art measurement methods, and whose results are deemed to be of low uncertainty, including methods set out in documents the reference numbers of which have been published for that purpose in the Official Journal of the European Union.

3. Calculation method

The methodology for calculating the energy efficiency of a specific fan is based on the ratio of gas power to electrical input power to the motor, where fan gas power is the product of gas volume flow rate and pressure difference across the fan. The pressure is either the static pressure or the total pressure, which is the sum of static and dynamic pressure depending upon the measurement and efficiency category.

3.1.Where the fan is supplied as a ‘final assembly’, measure the gas power and the electric input power of the fan at its optimum energy efficiency point:

(a) where the fan does not include a variable speed drive, calculate the overall efficiency using the following equation: ηe = Pu(s) / Pe where: ηe is the overall efficiency; Pu(s) is the fan gas power, determined according to point 3.3, of the fan when it is operating at its optimal energy efficiency point; Pe is the power measured at the mains input terminals to the motor of the fan when the fan is operating at its optimal energy efficiency point;

(b) where the fan includes a variable speed drive, calculate the overall efficiency using the following equation: ηe = (Pu(s) / Ped) · Cc where: ηe is the overall efficiency; Pu(s) is the fan gas power, determined according to point 3.3, of the fan when it is operating at its optimal energy efficiency point; Ped is the power measured at the mains input terminals to the variable speed drive of the fan when the fan is operating at its optimal energy efficiency point; Cc is a part load compensation factor as follows: — for a motor with a variable speed drive and Ped ≥ 5 kW, then Cc = 1,04, — for a motor with a variable speed drive and Ped < 5 kW, then Cc = – 0,03 ln(Ped) + 1,088.

3.2.Where the fan is supplied as ‘not final assembly’, the fan overall efficiency is calculated at the impeller’s optimum energy efficiency point, using the following equation:

ηe = ηr · ηm · ηT · Cm · Cc

where:

— if the recommended electric input power ‘Pe’ is ≥ 0,75 kW, ηm = 0,000278(x³) – 0,019247(x²) + 0,104395*x + 0,809761, where x = Lg (Pe), and Pe is as defined in 3.1(a),

— if the recommended motor input power ‘Pe’ is < 0,75 kW, ηm = 0,1462*ln(Pe) + 0,8381, and Pe is as defined in 3.1(a), where the electric input power Pe recommended by the manufacturer of the fan should be enough for the fan to reach its optimum energy efficiency point, taking into account losses from transmission systems if applicable.

— for direct drive ηT = 1,0;

— if the transmission is a low-efficiency drive as defined in 1(9) and — Pa ≥ 5 kW, ηT = 0,96, or — 1 kW < Pa < 5 kW, ηT = 0,0175 * Pa + 0,8725, or — Pa ≤ 1 kW, ηT = 0,89,

— if the transmission is a high-efficiency drive as defined in 1(10) and — Pa ≥ 5 kW, ηT = 0,98, — or 1 kW < Pa < 5 kW, ηT = 0,01 * Pa + 0,93, or — Pa ≤ 1 kW, ηT = 0,94.

— for a motor without a variable speed drive Cc = 1,0,

— for a motor with a variable speed drive and Ped ≥ 5 kW, then Cc = 1,04,

— for a motor with a variable speed drive and Ped < 5 kW, then Cc = – 0,03 ln(Ped) + 1,088.

3.3.The fan gas power, Pu(s) (kW), is calculated according to the measurement category test method chosen by the fan supplier:

(a) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category A, fan static gas power Pus is used from the equation Pus = q · psf · kps;

(b) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category B, fan gas power Pu is used from the equation Pu = q · pf · kp;

(c) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category C, fan static gas power Pus is used from the equation Pus = q · psf · kps;

(d) where the fan has been measured according to measurement category D, fan gas power Pu is used from the equation Pu = q · pf · kp.

4. Methodology for calculating the target energy efficiency

The target energy efficiency is the energy efficiency a fan from a given fan type must achieve in order to comply with the requirements set out in this Regulation (expressed in full percentage points). The target energy efficiency is calculated by efficiency formulas that include the electrical input power Pe(d) and the minimum efficiency grade as defined in Annex I. The complete power range is covered by two formulas: one for fans with an electric input power from 0,125 kW up to and including 10 kW and the other for fans above 10 kW up to and including 500 kW.

There are three series of fan types for which energy efficiency formulas are developed to reflect the different characteristics of various fan types: