Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items (recast)

• e. Whiskers, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length;

• f. Aromatic polyamide pulp.

‘Film type integrated circuit’ (3) means an array of ‘circuit elements’ and metallic interconnections formed by deposition of a thick or thin film on an insulating ‘substrate’.

• NB:

‘Circuit element’ is a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

‘Fly-by-light system’ (7) means a primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the ‘aircraft’ during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are optical signals.

‘Fly-by-wire system’ (7) means a primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the ‘aircraft’ during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are electrical signals.

‘Focal plane array’ (6 8) means a linear or two-dimensional planar layer, or combination of planar layers, of individual detector elements, with or without readout electronics, which work in the focal plane.

NB:

This is not intended to include a stack of single detector elements or any two, three or four element detectors provided time delay and integration is not performed within the element.

‘Fractional bandwidth’ (3 5) means the ‘instantaneous bandwidth’ divided by the centre frequency, expressed as a percentage.

‘Frequency hopping’ (5 6) means a form of ‘spread spectrum’ in which the transmission frequency of a single communication channel is made to change by a random or pseudo-random sequence of discrete steps.

‘Frequency switching time’ (3) means the time (i.e., delay) taken by a signal when switched from an initial specified output frequency, to arrive at or within any of the following:

a. ±100 Hz of a final specified output frequency of less than 1 GHz; or

b. ±0,1 part per million of a final specified output frequency equal to or greater than 1 GHz.

‘Fuel cell’ (8) is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into Direct Current (DC) electricity by consuming fuel from an external source.

‘Fusible’ (1) means capable of being cross-linked or polymerized further (cured) by the use of heat, radiation, catalysts, etc., or that can be melted without pyrolysis (charring).

‘Hard selectors’ (5) means data or set of data, related to an individual (e.g., family name, given name, email, street address, phone number or group affiliations).

‘Guidance set’ (7) means systems that integrate the process of measuring and computing a vehicles position and velocity (i.e., navigation) with that of computing and sending commands to the vehicles flight control systems to correct the trajectory.

‘Hybrid integrated circuit’ (3) means any combination of integrated circuit(s), or integrated circuit with ‘circuit elements’ or ‘discrete components’ connected together to perform (a) specific function(s), and having all of the following characteristics:

a. Containing at least one unencapsulated device;

b. Connected together using typical IC production methods;

c. Replaceable as an entity; and

d. Not normally capable of being disassembled.

N.B.1.

‘Circuit element’: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

N.B.2.

‘Discrete component’: a separately packaged ‘circuit element’ with its own external connections.

‘Image enhancement’ (4) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing images by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). This does not include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false coloration.

‘Immunotoxin’ (1) is a conjugate of one cell specific monoclonal antibody and a ‘toxin’ or ‘sub-unit of toxin’, that selectively affects diseased cells.

‘In the public domain’ (GTN NTN GSN), as it applies herein, means ‘technology’ or ‘software’ which has been made available without restrictions upon its further dissemination (copyright restrictions do not remove ‘technology’ or ‘software’ from being ‘in the public domain’).

‘Information security’ (GSN GISN 5) is all the means and functions ensuring the accessibility, confidentiality or integrity of information or communications, excluding the means and functions intended to safeguard against malfunctions. This includes ‘cryptography’, ‘cryptographic activation’, ‘cryptanalysis’, protection against compromising emanations and computer security.

Technical Note:

‘Cryptanalysis’: analysis of a cryptographic system or its inputs and outputs to derive confidential variables or sensitive data, including clear text.

‘Instantaneous bandwidth’ (3 5 7) means the bandwidth over which output power remains constant within 3 dB without adjustment of other operating parameters.

‘Insulation’ (9) is applied to the components of a rocket motor, i.e., the case, nozzle, inlets, case closures, and includes cured or semi-cured compounded rubber sheet stock containing an insulating or refractory material. It may also be incorporated as stress relief boots or flaps.

‘Interior lining’ (9) is suited for the bond interface between the solid propellant and the case or insulating liner. Usually a liquid polymer based dispersion of refractory or insulating materials, e.g. carbon filled hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or other polymer with added curing agents sprayed or screeded over a case interior.

‘Interleaved Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC)’ (3) means devices that have multiple ADC units that sample the same analogue input at different times such that when the outputs are aggregated, the analogue input has been effectively sampled and converted at a higher sampling rate.

‘Intrinsic Magnetic Gradiometer’ (6) is a single magnetic field gradient sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

NB:

See also ‘magnetic gradiometer’.

‘Intrusion software’ (4 5) means ‘software’ specially designed or modified to avoid detection by ‘monitoring tools’, or to defeat ‘protective countermeasures’, of a computer or network-capable device, and performing any of the following:

a. The extraction of data or information, from a computer or network-capable device, or the modification of system or user data; or

b. The modification of the standard execution path of a program or process in order to allow the execution of externally provided instructions.

Notes:

• 1.

‘Intrusion software’ does not include any of the following:

• a. Hypervisors, debuggers or Software Reverse Engineering (SRE) tools;

• b. Digital Rights Management (DRM) ‘software’; or

- c. ‘Software’ designed to be installed by manufacturers, administrators or users, for the purposes of asset tracking or recovery.

• 2.

Network-capable devices include mobile devices and smart meters.

Technical Notes:

• 1.

‘Monitoring tools’: ‘software’ or hardware devices, that monitor system behaviours or processes running on a device. This includes antivirus (AV) products, end point security products, Personal Security Products (PSP), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) or firewalls.

• 2.

‘Protective countermeasures’: techniques designed to ensure the safe execution of code, such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) or sandboxing.

‘Isolated live cultures’ (1) includes live cultures in dormant form and in dried preparations.

‘Isostatic presses’ (2) mean equipment capable of pressurising a closed cavity through various media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.

‘Laser’ (0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9) is an item that produces spatially and temporally coherent light through amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

NB:

See also ‘Chemical laser’; ‘CW laser’; ‘Pulsed laser’; ‘Super High Power Laser’.

‘Library’ (1) (parametric technical database) means a collection of technical information, reference to which may enhance the performance of relevant systems, equipment or components.

‘Lighter-than-air vehicles’ (9) means balloons and ‘airships’ that rely on hot air or other lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.

‘Linearity’ (2) (Usually measured in terms of non-linearity) means the maximum deviation of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings), positive or negative, from a straight line so positioned as to equalise and minimise the maximum deviations.

‘Local area network’ (4 5) is a data communication system having all of the following characteristics:

a. Allows an arbitrary number of independent ‘data devices’ to communicate directly with each other; and

b. Is confined to a geographical area of moderate size (e.g., office building, plant, campus, warehouse).

NB:

‘Data device’ means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.

‘Magnetic Gradiometers’ (6) are instruments designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of multiple ‘magnetometers’ and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of magnetic field gradient.

NB:

See also ‘intrinsic magnetic gradiometer’.

‘Magnetometers’ (6) are instruments designed to detect magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. They consist of a single magnetic field sensing element and associated electronics the output of which is a measure of the magnetic field.

‘Materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 ’ (0) include copper, copper alloys, stainless steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, aluminium alloys, nickel or alloys containing 60 % or more nickel by weight and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers.

‘Matrix’ (1 2 8 9) means a substantially continuous phase that fills the space between particles, whiskers or fibres.

‘Measurement uncertainty’ (2) is the characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around the output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with a confidence level of 95 %. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations, the uncorrected backlash and the random deviations (ref. ISO 10360-2).

‘Microcomputer microcircuit’ (3) means a ‘monolithic integrated circuit’ or ‘multichip integrated circuit’ containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing general purpose instructions from an internal storage, on data contained in the internal storage.

NB:

The internal storage may be augmented by an external storage.

‘Microprocessor microcircuit’ (3) means a ‘monolithic integrated circuit’ or ‘multichip integrated circuit’ containing an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) capable of executing a series of general purpose instructions from an external storage.

N.B.1.

The ‘microprocessor microcircuit’ normally does not contain integral user-accessible storage, although storage present on-the-chip may be used in performing its logic function.

N.B.2.

This includes chip sets which are designed to operate together to provide the function of a ‘microprocessor microcircuit’.

‘Microorganisms’ (1 2) means bacteria, viruses, mycoplasms, rickettsiae, chlamydiae or fungi, whether natural, enhanced or modified, either in the form of ‘isolated live cultures’ or as material including living material which has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with such cultures.

‘Missiles’ (1 3 6 7 9) means complete rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicle systems, capable of delivering at least 500 kg payload to a range of at least 300 km.

‘Monofilament’ (1) or filament is the smallest increment of fibre, usually several micrometres in diameter.

‘Monolithic integrated circuit’ (3) means a combination of passive or active ‘circuit elements’ or both which:

a. Are formed by means of diffusion processes, implantation processes or deposition processes in or on a single semiconducting piece of material, a so-called ‘chip’;

• b. Can be considered as indivisibly associated; and

• c. Perform the function(s) of a circuit.

• NB:

‘Circuit element’ is a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

‘Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit’ (‘MMIC’) (3 5) means a ‘monolithic integrated circuit’ that operates at microwave or millimeter wave frequencies.

‘Monospectral imaging sensors’ (6) are capable of acquisition of imaging data from one discrete spectral band.

‘Multichip integrated circuit’ (3) means two or more ‘monolithic integrated circuits’ bonded to a common ‘substrate’.

‘Multiple channel Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC)’ (3) means devices that integrate more than one ADC, designed so that each ADC has a separate analogue input.

‘Multispectral imaging sensors’ (6) are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands. Sensors having more than twenty discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging sensors.

‘Natural uranium’ (0) means uranium containing the mixtures of isotopes occurring in nature.

‘Network access controller’ (4) means a physical interface to a distributed switching network. It uses a common medium which operates throughout at the same ‘digital transfer rate’ using arbitration (e.g., token or carrier sense) for transmission. Independently from any other, it selects data packets or data groups (e.g., IEEE 802) addressed to it. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access.

‘Nuclear reactor’ (0) means a complete reactor capable of operation so as to maintain a controlled self-sustaining fission chain reaction. A ‘nuclear reactor’ includes all the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.

‘Numerical control’ (2) means the automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data usually introduced as the operation is in progress (ref. ISO 2382:2015).

‘Object code’ (GSN) means an equipment executable form of a convenient expression of one or more processes (‘source code’ (source language)) which has been compiled by programming system.

‘Operations, Administration or Maintenance’ (‘OAM’) (5) means performing one or more of the following tasks:

a. Establishing or managing any of the following: - 1. Accounts or privileges of users or administrators; - 2. Settings of an item; or - 3. Authentication data in support of the tasks described in paragraphs a.1. or a.2.;

b. Monitoring or managing the operating condition or performance of an item; or

c. Managing logs or audit data in support of any of the tasks described in paragraphs a. or b.

Note:

‘OAM’ does not include any of the following tasks or their associated key management functions:

a. Provisioning or upgrading any cryptographic functionality that is not directly related to establishing or managing authentication data in support of the tasks described in paragraphs a.1. or a.2. above; or

b. Performing any cryptographic functionality on the forwarding or data plane of an item.

‘Optical integrated circuit’ (3) means a ‘monolithic integrated circuit’ or a ‘hybrid integrated circuit’, containing one or more parts designed to function as a photosensor or photoemitter or to perform (an) optical or (an) electro-optical function(s).

‘Optical switching’ (5) means the routing of or switching of signals in optical form without conversion to electrical signals.

‘Overall current density’ (3) means the total number of ampere-turns in the coil (i.e., the sum of the number of turns multiplied by the maximum current carried by each turn) divided by the total cross-section of the coil (comprising the superconducting filaments, the metallic matrix in which the superconducting filaments are embedded, the encapsulating material, any cooling channels, etc.).

‘Participating state’ (7 9) is a state participating in the Wassenaar Arrangement. (See www.wassenaar.org)

‘Peak power’ (6) means the highest power attained in the ‘pulse duration’.

‘Personal area network’ (5) means a data communication system having all of the following characteristics:

a. Allows an arbitrary number of independent or interconnected ‘data devices’ to communicate directly with each other; and

b. Is confined to the communication between devices within the immediate physical vicinity of an individual person or device controller (e.g., single room, office, or automobile).

Technical Notes:

• 1.

‘Data device’ means equipment capable of transmitting or receiving sequences of digital information.

• 2.

The ‘local area network’ extends beyond the geographical area of the ‘personal area network’.

‘Previously separated’ (1) is the application of any process intended to increase the concentration of the controlled isotope.

‘Principal element’ (4), as it applies in Category 4, is a ‘principal element’ when its replacement value is more than 35 % of the total value of the system of which it is an element. Element value is the price paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system integrator. Total value is the normal international selling price to unrelated parties at the point of manufacture or consolidation of shipment.

‘Production’ (GTN NTN All) means all production phases, such as: construction, production engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.

‘Production equipment’ (1 7 9) means tooling, templates, jigs, mandrels, moulds, dies, fixtures, alignment mechanisms, test equipment, other machinery and components therefor, limited to those specially designed or modified for ‘development’ or for one or more phases of ‘production’.

‘Production facilities’ (7 9) means ‘production equipment’ and specially designed software therefor integrated into installations for ‘development’ or for one or more phases of ‘production’.

‘Program’ (2 6) means a sequence of instructions to carry out a process in, or convertible into, a form executable by an electronic computer.

‘Pulse compression’ (6) means the coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy.

‘Pulse duration’ (6) is the duration of a ‘laser’ pulse and means the time between the half-power points on the leading edge and trailing edge of an individual pulse.

‘Pulsed laser’ (6) means a ‘laser’ having a ‘pulse duration’ that is less than or equal to 0,25 seconds.

‘Quantum cryptography’ (5) means a family of techniques for the establishment of shared key for ‘cryptography’ by measuring the quantum-mechanical properties of a physical system (including those physical properties explicitly governed by quantum optics, quantum field theory or quantum electrodynamics).

‘Radar frequency agility’ (6) means any technique which changes, in a pseudo-random sequence, the carrier frequency of a pulsed radar transmitter between pulses or between groups of pulses by an amount equal to or larger than the pulse bandwidth.

‘Radar spread spectrum’ (6) means any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding.

‘Radiant sensitivity’ (6) is Radiant sensitivity (mA/W) = 0,807 × (wavelength in nm) × Quantum Efficiency (QE).

Technical Note:

QE is usually expressed as a percentage; however, for the purposes of this formula QE is expressed as a decimal number less than one, e.g., 78 % is 0,78.

‘Real-time processing’ (6) means the processing of data by a computer system providing a required level of service, as a function of available resources, within a guaranteed response time, regardless of the load of the system, when stimulated by an external event.

‘Repeatability’ (7) means the closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of the same variable under the same operating conditions when changes in conditions or non-operating periods occur between measurements. (Reference: IEEE STD 528-2001 (one sigma standard deviation))

‘Required’ (GTN 3 5 6 7 9), as applied to ‘technology’, refers to only that portion of ‘technology’ which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or extending the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such ‘required’

‘technology’ may be shared by different goods.

‘Riot control agent’ (1) means substances which, under the expected conditions of use for riot control purposes, produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short time following termination of exposure.

Technical Note:

Tear gases are a subset of ‘riot control agents’.

‘Robot’ (2 8) means a manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:

a. Is multifunctional;

b. Is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools or special devices through variable movements in three dimensional space;

c. Incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which may include stepping motors; and

d. Has ‘user accessible programmability’ by means of teach/playback method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable logic controller, i.e., without mechanical intervention.

NB:

The above definition does not include the following devices:

1. Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator controllable;

2. Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or changeable by mechanical, electronic or electrical means;

3. Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is mechanically limited by fixed, but adjustable stops, such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed programme pattern. Variations or modifications of the programme pattern (e.g., changes of pins or exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through mechanical operations;

4. Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The programme is variable but the sequence proceeds only by the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or adjustable stops;

5. Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.

‘Roving’ (1) is a bundle (typically 12-120) of approximately parallel ‘strands’.

• NB:

‘Strand’ is a bundle of ‘monofilaments’ (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

‘Run-out’ (2) (out-of-true running) means radial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (Reference: ISO 230-1:1986, paragraph 5.61).

‘Sample rate’ (3) for an Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC) means the maximum number of samples that are measured at the analogue input over a period of one second, except for oversampling ADCs. For oversampling ADCs the ‘sample rate’ is taken to be its output word rate. ‘Sample rate’ may also be referred to as sampling rate, usually specified in Mega Samples Per Second (MSPS) or Giga Samples Per Second (GSPS), or conversion rate, usually specified in Hertz (Hz).

‘Satellite navigation system’ (5 7) means a system consisting of ground stations, a constellation of satellites, and receivers, that enables receiver locations to be calculated on the basis of signals received from the satellites. It includes Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (RNSS).

‘Scale factor’ (gyro or accelerometer) (7) means the ratio of change in output to a change in the input intended to be measured. Scale factor is generally evaluated as the slope of the straight line that can be fitted by the method of least squares to input-output data obtained by varying the input cyclically over the input range.

‘Signal analysers’ (3) means apparatus capable of measuring and displaying basic properties of the single-frequency components of multi-frequency signals.

‘Signal processing’ (3 4 5 6) means the processing of externally derived information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform).

‘Software’ (GSN All) means a collection of one or more ‘programs’ or ‘microprograms’ fixed in any tangible medium of expression.

NB:

‘Microprogram’ means a sequence of elementary instructions, maintained in a special storage, the execution of which is initiated by the introduction of its reference instruction into an instruction register.

‘Source code’ (or source language) (6 7 9) is a convenient expression of one or more processes which may be turned by a programming system into equipment executable form (‘object code’ (or object language)).

‘Spacecraft’ (9) means active and passive satellites and space probes.

‘Spacecraft bus’ (9) means equipment that provides the support infrastructure of the ‘spacecraft’ and location for the ‘spacecraft payload’.

‘Spacecraft payload’ (9) means equipment, attached to the ‘spacecraft bus’, designed to perform a mission in space (e.g., communications, observation, science).

‘Space-qualified’ (3 6 7) means designed, manufactured or qualified through successful testing, for operation at altitudes greater than 100 km above the surface of the Earth.

NB:

A determination that a specific item is ‘Space-qualified’ by virtue of testing does not mean that other items in the same production run or model series are ‘Space-qualified’ if not individually tested.

‘Special fissile material’ (0) means plutonium-239, uranium-233, ‘uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233’, and any material containing the foregoing.

‘Specific modulus’ (0 1 9) is Young’s modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m² divided by specific weight in N/m³, measured at a temperature of (296 ± 2) K ((23 ± 2)°C) and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)%.

‘Specific tensile strength’ (0 1 9) is ultimate tensile strength in pascals, equivalent to N/m² divided by specific weight in N/m³, measured at a temperature of (296 ± 2) K ((23 ± 2)°C) and a relative humidity of (50 ± 5)%.

‘Spinning mass gyros’ (7) means gyros which use a continually rotating mass to sense angular motion.

‘Spread spectrum’ (5) means the technique whereby energy in a relatively narrow-band communication channel is spread over a much wider energy spectrum.

‘Spread spectrum’ radar (6) – see ‘Radar spread spectrum’.

‘Stability’ (7) means the standard deviation (1 sigma) of the variation of a particular parameter from its calibrated value measured under stable temperature conditions. This can be expressed as a function of time.

‘States (not) Party to the Chemical Weapon Convention’ (1) are those states for which the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons has (not) entered into force. (See www.opcw.org)

‘Steady State Mode’ (9) defines engine operation conditions, where the engine parameters, such as thrust/power, rpm and others, have no appreciable fluctuations, when the ambient air temperature and pressure at the engine inlet are constant.

‘Sub-orbital craft’ (9) means a craft having an enclosure designed for the transport of people or cargo which is designed to:

a. Operate above the stratosphere;

b. Perform a non-orbital trajectory; and

c. Land back on Earth with the people or cargo intact.

‘Substrate’ (3) means a sheet of base material with or without an interconnection pattern and on which or within which ‘discrete components’ or integrated circuits or both can be located.

N.B.1.

‘Discrete component’: a separately packaged ‘circuit element’ with its own external connections.

N.B.2.

‘Circuit element’: a single active or passive functional part of an electronic circuit, such as one diode, one transistor, one resistor, one capacitor, etc.

‘Substrate blanks’ (3 6) means monolithic compounds with dimensions suitable for the production of optical elements such as mirrors or optical windows.

‘Sub-unit of toxin’ (1) is a structurally and functionally discrete component of a whole ‘toxin’.

‘Superalloys’ (2 9) means nickel-, cobalt- or iron-base alloys having a stress rupture life greater than 1 000 hours at 400 MPa at 922 K (649°C) or higher.

‘Superconductive’ (1 3 5 6 8) means materials, i.e., metals, alloys or compounds, which can lose all electrical resistance, i.e., which can attain infinite electrical conductivity and carry very large electrical currents without Joule heating.

NB:

The ‘superconductive’ state of a material is individually characterised by a ‘critical temperature’, a critical magnetic field, which is a function of temperature, and a critical current density which is, however, a function of both magnetic field and temperature.

‘Super High Power Laser’ (‘SHPL’) (6) means a ‘laser’ capable of delivering (the total or any portion of) the output energy exceeding 1 kJ within 50 ms or having an average or CW power exceeding 20 kW.

‘Superplastic forming’ (1 2) means a deformation process using heat for metals that are normally characterised by low values of elongation (less than 20 %) at the breaking point as determined at room temperature by conventional tensile strength testing, in order to achieve elongations during processing which are at least 2 times those values.

‘Symmetric algorithm’ (5) means a cryptographic algorithm using an identical key for both encryption and decryption.

NB:

A common use of ‘symmetric algorithms’ is confidentiality of data.

‘Tape’ (1) is a material constructed of interlaced or unidirectional ‘monofilaments’, ‘strands’, ‘rovings’, ‘tows’, or ‘yarns’, etc., usually pre-impregnated with resin.

NB:

‘Strand’ is a bundle of ‘monofilaments’ (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.

‘Technology’ (GTN NTN All) means specific information necessary for the ‘development’, ‘production’ or ‘use’ of goods. This information takes the form of ‘technical data’ or ‘technical assistance’.

• N.B.1.

‘Technical assistance’ may take forms such as instructions, skills, training, working knowledge and consulting services and may involve the transfer of ‘technical data’.

• N.B.2.

‘Technical data’ may take forms such as blueprints, plans, diagrams, models, formulae, tables, engineering designs and specifications, manuals and instructions written or recorded on other media or devices such as disk, tape, read-only memories.

‘Three dimensional integrated circuit’ (3) means a collection of semiconductor dies or active device layers, integrated together, and having through semiconductor via connections passing completely through an interposer, substrate, die or layer to establish interconnections between the device layers. An interposer is an interface that enables electrical connections.

‘Tilting spindle’ (2) means a tool-holding spindle which alters, during the machining process, the angular position of its centre line with respect to any other axis.

‘Time constant’ (6) is the time taken from the application of a light stimulus for the current increment to reach a value of 1-1/e times the final value (i.e., 63 % of the final value).

‘Time-to-steady-state registration’ (6) (also referred to as the gravimeter’s response time) is the time over which the disturbing effects of platform induced accelerations (high frequency noise) are reduced.

‘Tip shroud’ (9) means a stationary ring component (solid or segmented) attached to the inner surface of the engine turbine casing or a feature at the outer tip of the turbine blade, which primarily provides a gas seal between the stationary and rotating components.

‘Total control of flight’ (7) means an automated control of ‘aircraft’ state variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other ‘aircraft’.

‘Total digital transfer rate’ (5) means the number of bits, including line coding, overhead and so forth per unit time passing between corresponding equipment in a digital transmission system.

NB:

See also ‘digital transfer rate’.

‘Tow’ (1) is a bundle of ‘monofilaments’, usually approximately parallel.

‘Toxins’ (1 2) means toxins in the form of deliberately isolated preparations or mixtures, no matter how produced, other than toxins present as contaminants of other materials such as pathological specimens, crops, foodstuffs or seed stocks of ‘microorganisms’.

‘Tunable’ (6) means the ability of a ‘laser’ to produce a continuous output at all wavelengths over a range of several ‘laser’ transitions. A line selectable ‘laser’ produces discrete wavelengths within one ‘laser’ transition and is not considered ‘tunable’.

‘Unidirectional positioning repeatability’ (2) means the smaller of values R↑ and R↓ (forward and backward), as defined by 3.21 of ISO 230-2:2014 or national equivalents, of an individual machine tool axis.

‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle’ (‘UAV’) (9) means any aircraft capable of initiating flight and sustaining controlled flight and navigation without any human presence on board.

‘Uranium enriched in the isotopes 235 or 233’ (0) means uranium containing the isotopes 235 or 233, or both, in an amount such that the abundance ratio of the sum of these isotopes to the isotope 238 is more than the ratio of the isotope 235 to the isotope 238 occurring in nature (isotopic ratio 0,71 per cent).

‘Use’ (GTN NTN All) means operation, installation (including on-site installation), maintenance (checking), repair, overhaul and refurbishing.

‘User-accessible programmability’ (6) means the facility allowing a user to insert, modify or replace ‘programs’ by means other than:

a. A physical change in wiring or interconnections; or

b. The setting of function controls including entry of parameters.

‘Vaccine’ (1) is a medicinal product in a pharmaceutical formulation licensed by, or having marketing or clinical trial authorisation from, the regulatory authorities of either the country of manufacture or of use, which is intended to stimulate a protective immunological response in humans or animals in order to prevent disease in those to whom or to which it is administered.

‘Vacuum electronic devices’ (3) means electronic devices based on the interaction of an electron beam with an electromagnetic wave propagating in a vacuum circuit or interacting with radio-frequency vacuum cavity resonators. ‘Vacuum electronic devices’ include klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, and their derivatives.

‘Vulnerability disclosure’ (4) means the process of identifying, reporting or communicating a vulnerability to, or analysing a vulnerability with, individuals or organisations responsible for conducting or coordinating remediation for the purpose of resolving the vulnerability.

‘Yarn’ (1) is a bundle of twisted ‘strands’.

- NB:

‘Strand’ is a bundle of ‘monofilaments’ (typically over 200) arranged approximately parallel.’

CATEGORY 0 – NUCLEAR MATERIALS, FACILITIES, AND EQUIPMENT

0ASystems, Equipment and Components

0A001 ‘Nuclear reactors’ and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, as follows:

• a. ‘Nuclear reactors’;

• b. Metal vessels, or major shop-fabricated parts therefor, including the reactor vessel head for a reactor pressure vessel, specially designed or prepared to contain the core of a ‘nuclear reactor’;

• c. Manipulative equipment specially designed or prepared for inserting or removing fuel in a ‘nuclear reactor’;

• d. Control rods specially designed or prepared for the control of the fission process in a ‘nuclear reactor’, support or suspension structures therefor, rod drive mechanisms and rod guide tubes;

• e. Pressure tubes specially designed or prepared to contain both fuel elements and the primary coolant in a ‘nuclear reactor’;

• f. Zirconium metal tubes or zirconium alloy tubes (or assembles of tubes) specially designed or prepared for use as fuel cladding in a ‘nuclear reactor’, and in quantities exceeding 10 kg; NB:

For zirconium pressure tubes see 0A001.e. and for calandria tubes see 0A001.h.

• g. Coolant pumps or circulators specially designed or prepared for circulating the primary coolant of ‘nuclear reactors’;

• h. ‘Nuclear reactor internals’ specially designed or prepared for use in a ‘nuclear reactor’, including support columns for the core, fuel channels, calandria tubes, thermal shields, baffles, core grid plates, and diffuser plates; Technical Note: In 0A001.h. ‘nuclear reactor internals’ means any major structure within a reactor vessel which has one or more functions such as supporting the core, maintaining fuel alignment, directing primary coolant flow, providing radiation shields for the reactor vessel, and guiding in-core instrumentation.

- i. Heat exchangers as follows:

• 1. Steam generators specially designed or prepared for the primary, or intermediate, coolant circuit of a ‘nuclear reactor’;
• 1. Other heat exchangers specially designed or prepared for use in the primary coolant circuit of a ‘nuclear reactor’; Note:

0A001.i. does not control heat exchangers for the supporting systems of the reactor, e.g., the emergency cooling system or the decay heat cooling system.

• j. Neutron detectors specially designed or prepared for determining neutron flux levels within the core of a ‘nuclear reactor’;

• k. ‘External thermal shields’ specially designed or prepared for use in a ‘nuclear reactor’ for the reduction of heat loss and also for the containment vessel protection. Technical Note: In 0A001.k. ‘external thermal shields’ means major structures placed over the reactor vessel which reduce heat loss from the reactor and reduce temperature within the containment vessel.

0BTest, Inspection and Production Equipment

0B001Plant for the separation of isotopes of ‘natural uranium’, ‘depleted uranium’ or‘special fissile materials’, and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, as follows:

• a. Plant specially designed for separating isotopes of ‘natural uranium’, ‘depleted uranium’, or ‘special fissile materials’, as follows:
• 1. Gas centrifuge separation plant;
• 1. Gaseous diffusion separation plant;
• 1. Aerodynamic separation plant;
• 1. Chemical exchange separation plant;
• 1. Ion-exchange separation plant;
• 1. Atomic vapour ‘laser’ isotope separation plant;
• 1. Molecular ‘laser’ isotope separation plant;
• 1. Plasma separation plant;
• 1. Electro magnetic separation plant;

• b. Gas centrifuges and assemblies and components, specially designed or prepared for gas centrifuge separation process, as follows: Technical Note: In 0B001.b. ‘high strength-to-density ratio material’ means any of the following:
• 1. Maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 1,95 GPa or more;
• 2. Aluminium alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 0,46 GPa or more; or
• 3. ‘Fibrous or filamentary materials’ with a ‘specific modulus’ of more than 3,18 × 10⁶m and a ‘specific tensile strength’ greater than 7,62 × 10⁴ m;
• 1. Gas centrifuges;
• 1. Complete rotor assemblies;
• 1. Rotor tube cylinders with a wall thickness of 12 mm or less, a diameter of between 75 mm and 650 mm, made from ‘high strength-to-density ratio materials’;
• 1. Rings or bellows with a wall thickness of 3 mm or less and a diameter of between 75 mm and 650 mm and designed to give local support to a rotor tube or to join a number together, made from ‘high strength-to-density ratio materials’;
• 1. Baffles of between 75 mm and 650 mm diameter for mounting inside a rotor tube, made from ‘high strength-to-density ratio materials’.
• 1. Top or bottom caps of between 75 mm and 650 mm diameter to fit the ends of a rotor tube, made from ‘high strength-to-density ratio materials’;
• 1. Magnetic suspension bearings as follows:
• a. Bearing assemblies consisting of an annular magnet suspended within a housing made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’ containing a damping medium and having the magnet coupling with a pole piece or second magnet fitted to the top cap of the rotor;
• b. Active magnetic bearings specially designed or prepared for use with gas centrifuges.
• 1. Specially prepared bearings comprising a pivot-cup assembly mounted on a damper;
• 1. Molecular pumps comprised of cylinders having internally machined or extruded helical grooves and internally machined bores;
• 1. Ring-shaped motor stators for multiphase AC hysteresis (or reluctance) motors for synchronous operation within a vacuum at a frequency of 600 Hz or more and a power of 40 VA or more;
• 1. Centrifuge housing/recipients to contain the rotor tube assembly of a gas centrifuge, consisting of a rigid cylinder of wall thickness up to 30 mm with precision machined ends that are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylinder’s longitudinal axis to within 0,05 ^o or less;
• 1. Scoops consisting of specially designed or prepared tubes for the extraction of UF6 gas from within the rotor tube by a Pitot tube action and capable of being fixed to the central gas extraction system;
• 1. Frequency changers (converters or inverters) specially designed or prepared to supply motor stators for gas centrifuge enrichment, having all of the following characteristics, and specially designed components therefor:
• a. A multiphase frequency output of 600 Hz or greater; and
• b. High stability (with frequency control better than 0,2 %);
• 1. Shut-off and control valves as follows:
• a. Shut-off valves specially designed or prepared to act on the feed, product or tails UF6 gaseous streams of an individual gas centrifuge;
• b. Bellows-sealed valves, shut-off or control, made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’, with an inside diameter of 10 mm to 160 mm, specially designed or prepared for use in main or auxiliary systems of gas centrifuge enrichment plants;

• c. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for gaseous diffusion separation process, as follows:
• 1. Gaseous diffusion barriers made of porous metallic, polymer or ceramic ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’ with a pore size of 10 to 100 nm, a thickness of 5 mm or less, and, for tubular forms, a diameter of 25 mm or less;
• 1. Gaseous diffuser housings made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’;
• 1. Compressors or gas blowers with a suction volume capacity of 1 m³/min or more of UF6, with a discharge pressure up to 500 kPa, and having a pressure ratio of 10:1 or less, and made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’;
• 1. Rotary shaft seals for compressors or blowers specified in 0B001.c.3. and designed for a buffer gas in-leakage rate of less than 1 000  cm³/min.;
• 1. Heat exchangers made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’, and designed for a leakage pressure rate of less than 10 Pa per hour under a pressure differential of 100 kPa;
• 1. Bellows-sealed valves, manual or automated, shut-off or control, made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’;

• d. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for aerodynamic separation process, as follows:
• 1. Separation nozzles consisting of slit-shaped, curved channels having a radius of curvature less than 1 mm, resistant to corrosion by UF6, and having a knife-edge contained within the nozzle which separates the gas flowing through the nozzle into two streams;
• 1. Cylindrical or conical tubes, (vortex tubes), made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’ and with one or more tangential inlets;
• 1. Compressors or gas blowers made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’, and rotary shaft seals therefor;
• 1. Heat exchangers made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’;
• 1. Separation element housings, made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’ to contain vortex tubes or separation nozzles;
• 1. Bellows-sealed valves, manual or automated, shut-off or control, made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’, with a diameter of 40 mm or more;
• 1. Process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas (hydrogen or helium) to 1 ppm UF6 content or less, including:
• a. Cryogenic heat exchangers and cryoseparators capable of temperatures of 153K (– 120°C) or less;
• b. Cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of 153 K (– 120°C) or less;
• c. Separation nozzle or vortex tube units for the separation of UF6 from carrier gas;
• d. UF6 cold traps capable of freezing out UF6;

• e. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for chemical exchange separation process, as follows:
• 1. Fast-exchange liquid-liquid pulse columns with stage residence time of 30 s or less and resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid (e.g. made of or protected by suitable plastic materials such as fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers or glass);
• 1. Fast-exchange liquid-liquid centrifugal contactors with stage residence time of 30 s or less and resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid (e.g. made of or protected by suitable plastic materials such as fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers or glass);
• 1. Electrochemical reduction cells resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, for reduction of uranium from one valence state to another;
• 1. Electrochemical reduction cells feed equipment to take U⁺⁴ from the organic stream and, for those parts in contact with the process stream, made of or protected by suitable materials (e.g. glass, fluorocarbon polymers, polyphenyl sulphate, polyether sulfone and resin-impregnated graphite);
• 1. Feed preparation systems for producing high purity uranium chloride solution consisting of dissolution, solvent extraction and/or ion exchange equipment for purification and electrolytic cells for reducing the uranium U⁺⁶ or U⁺⁴ to U⁺³;
• 1. Uranium oxidation systems for oxidation of U⁺³ to U⁺⁴;

• f. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for ion-exchange separation process, as follows:
• 1. Fast reacting ion-exchange resins, pellicular or porous macro-reticulated resins in which the active chemical exchange groups are limited to a coating on the surface of an inactive porous support structure, and other composite structures in any suitable form, including particles or fibres, with diameters of 0,2 mm or less, resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid and designed to have an exchange rate half-time of less than 10 s and capable of operating at temperatures in the range of 373 K (100°C) to 473 K (200°C);
• 1. Ion exchange columns (cylindrical) with a diameter greater than 1 000  mm, made of or protected by materials resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid (e.g. titanium or fluorocarbon plastics) and capable of operating at temperatures in the range of 373 K (100°C) to 473 K (200°C) and pressures above 0,7 MPa;
• 1. Ion exchange reflux systems (chemical or electrochemical oxidation or reduction systems) for regeneration of the chemical reducing or oxidizing agents used in ion exchange enrichment cascades;

• g. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for laser-based separation processes using atomic vapour laser isotope separation, as follows:
• 1. Uranium metal vaporization systems designed to achieve a delivered power of 1 kW or more on the target for use in laser enrichment;
• 1. Liquid or vapour uranium metal handling systems specially designed or prepared for handling molten uranium, molten uranium alloys or uranium metal vapour for use in laser enrichment, and specially designed components therefor; NB:

SEE ALSO 2A225. - 3. Product and tails collector assemblies for collecting uranium metal in liquid or solid form, made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium metal vapour or liquid, such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum; - 4. Separator module housings (cylindrical or rectangular vessels) for containing the uranium metal vapour source, the electron beam gun and the product and tails collectors; - 5. ‘Lasers’ or ‘laser’ systems specially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes with a spectrum frequency stabilisation for operation over extended periods of time; NB:

SEE ALSO 6A005 AND 6A205.

• h. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for laser-based separation processes using molecular laser isotope separation, as follows:
• 1. Supersonic expansion nozzles for cooling mixtures of UF6 and carrier gas to 150 K (– 123 °C) or less and made from ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’;
• 1. Product or tails collector components or devices specially designed or prepared for collecting uranium material or uranium tails material following illumination with laser light, made of ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’;
• 1. Compressors made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’, and rotary shaft seals therefor;
• 1. Equipment for fluorinating UF5 (solid) to UF6 (gas);
• 1. Process systems for separating UF6 from carrier gas (e.g. nitrogen, argon or other gas) including:
• a. Cryogenic heat exchangers and cryoseparators capable of temperatures of 153 K (– 120°C) or less;
• b. Cryogenic refrigeration units capable of temperatures of 153 K (– 120°C) or less;
• c. UF6 cold traps capable of freezing out UF6;
• 1. ‘Lasers’ or ‘laser’ systems specially designed or prepared for the separation of uranium isotopes with a spectrum frequency stabilisation for operation over extended periods of time; NB:

SEE ALSO 6A005 AND 6A205.

• i. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for plasma separation process, as follows:
• 1. Microwave power sources and antennae for producing or accelerating ions, with an output frequency greater than 30 GHz and mean power output greater than 50 kW;
• 1. Radio frequency ion excitation coils for frequencies of more than 100 kHz and capable of handling more than 40 kW mean power;
• 1. Uranium plasma generation systems;
• 1. Not used;
• 1. Product and tails collector assemblies for uranium metal in solid form,made of or protected by materials resistant to the heat and corrosion of uranium vapour such as yttria-coated graphite or tantalum;
• 1. Separator module housings (cylindrical) for containing the uranium plasma source, radio-frequency drive coil and the product and tails collectors and made of a suitable non-magnetic material (e.g. stainless steel);

• j. Equipment and components, specially designed or prepared for electromagnetic separation process, as follows:
• 1. Ion sources, single or multiple, consisting of a vapour source, ioniser, and beam accelerator made of suitable non-magnetic materials (e.g. graphite, stainless steel, or copper) and capable of providing a total ion beam current of 50 mA or greater;
• 1. Ion collector plates for collection of enriched or depleted uranium ion beams, consisting of two or more slits and pockets and made of suitable non-magnetic materials (e.g. graphite or stainless steel);
• 1. Vacuum housings for uranium electromagnetic separators made of non-magnetic materials (e.g. stainless steel) and designed to operate at pressures of 0,1 Pa or lower;
• 1. Magnet pole pieces with a diameter greater than 2 m;
• 1. High voltage power supplies for ion sources, having all of the following characteristics:
• a. Capable of continuous operation;
• b. Output voltage of 20 000  V or greater;
• c. Output current of 1 A or greater; and
• d. Voltage regulation of better than 0,01 % over a period of 8 hours; NB:

SEE ALSO 3A227. - 6. Magnet power supplies (high power, direct current) having all of the following characteristics: - a. Capable of continuous operation with a current output of 500 A or greater at a voltage of 100 V or greater; and - b. Current or voltage regulation better than 0,01 % over a period of 8 hours. NB:

SEE ALSO 3A226.

0B002Specially designed or prepared auxiliary systems, equipment and components as follows, for isotope separation plant specified in 0B001, made of or protected by ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6 ’:

• a. Feed autoclaves, ovens or systems used for passing UF6 to the enrichment process;

• b. Desublimers or cold traps, used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process for subsequent transfer upon heating;

• c. Product and tails stations for transferring UF6 into containers;

• d. Liquefaction or solidification stations used to remove UF6 from the enrichment process by compressing, cooling and converting UF6 to a liquid or solid form;

• e. Piping systems and header systems specially designed or prepared for handling UF6 within gaseous diffusion, centrifuge or aerodynamic cascades;

• f. Vacuum systems and pumps as follows:
• 1. Vacuum manifolds, vacuum headers or vacuum pumps having a suction capacity of 5 m³/minute or more;
• 1. Vacuum pumps specially designed for use in UF6 bearing atmospheres made of, or protected by, ‘materials resistant to corrosion by UF6’; or
• 1. Vacuum systems consisting of vacuum manifolds, vacuum headers and vacuum pumps, and designed for service in UF6-bearing atmospheres;

• g. UF6 mass spectrometers/ion sources capable of taking on-line samples from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following characteristics:
• 1. Capable of measuring ions of 320 atomic mass units or greater and having a resolution of better than 1 part in 320;
• 1. Ion sources constructed of or protected by nickel, nickel-copper alloys with a nickel content of 60 % or more by weight, or nickel-chrome alloys;
• 1. Electron bombardment ionisation sources; and
• 1. Having a collector system suitable for isotopic analysis.

0B003Plant for the conversion of uranium and equipment specially designed or prepared therefor, as follows:

• a. Systems for the conversion of uranium ore concentrates to UO3;

• b. Systems for the conversion of UO3 to UF6;

• c. Systems for the conversion of UO3 to UO2;

• d. Systems for the conversion of UO2 to UF4;

- e. Systems for the conversion of UF4 to UF6;

• f. Systems for the conversion of UF4 to uranium metal;

• g. Systems for the conversion of UF6 to UO2;

• h. Systems for the conversion of UF6 to UF4;

• i. Systems for the conversion of UO2 to UCl4.

0B004Plant for the production or concentration of heavy water, deuterium and deuterium compounds and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor, as follows:

• a. Plant for the production of heavy water, deuterium or deuterium compounds, as follows:
• 1. Water-hydrogen sulphide exchange plants;
• 1. Ammonia-hydrogen exchange plants;

• b. Equipment and components, as follows:
• 1. Water-hydrogen sulphide exchange towers with diameters of 1,5 m or more, capable of operating at pressures greater than or equal to 2 MPa;
• 1. Single stage, low head (i.e., 0,2 MPa) centrifugal blowers or compressors for hydrogen sulphide gas circulation (i.e., gas containing more than 70 % by weight hydrogen sulphide, H2S) with a throughput capacity greater than or equal to 56 m³/s when operating at pressures greater than or equal to 1,8 MPa suction and having seals designed for wet H2S service;
• 1. Ammonia-hydrogen exchange towers greater than or equal to 35 m in height with diameters of 1,5 m to 2,5 m capable of operating at pressures greater than 15 MPa;
• 1. Tower internals, including stage contactors, and stage pumps, including those which are submersible, for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process;
• 1. Ammonia crackers with operating pressures greater than or equal to 3 MPa for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process;
• 1. Infrared absorption analysers capable of on-line hydrogen/deuterium ratio analysis where deuterium concentrations are equal to or greater than 90 % by weight;
• 1. Catalytic burners for the conversion of enriched deuterium gas into heavy water utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process;
• 1. Complete heavy water upgrade systems, or columns therefor, for the upgrade of heavy water to reactor-grade deuterium concentration;
• 1. Ammonia synthesis converters or synthesis units specially designed or prepared for heavy water production utilizing the ammonia-hydrogen exchange process.

0B005Plant specially designed for the fabrication of ‘nuclear reactor’ fuel elements and specially designed or prepared equipment therefor.

Technical Note:

Specially designed or prepared equipment for the fabrication of ‘nuclear reactor’ fuel elements includes equipment which:

• 1. Normally comes into direct contact with or directly processes or controls the production flow of nuclear materials;

• 2. Seals the nuclear materials within the cladding;

• 3. Checks the integrity of the cladding or the seal;

• 4. Checks the finish treatment of the sealed fuel; or

• 5. Is used for assembling reactor elements.

0B006Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated ‘nuclear reactor’ fuel elements, and specially designed or prepared equipment and components therefor.

• Note:

0B006 includes:

- a. Plant for the reprocessing of irradiated ‘nuclear reactor’ fuel elements including equipment and components which normally come into direct contact with and directly control the irradiated fuel and the major nuclear material and fission product processing streams;

• b. Fuel element decladding equipment and chopping or shredding machines, i.e., remotely operated equipment to cut, chop or shear irradiated ‘nuclear reactor’ fuel assemblies, bundles or rods;

• c. Dissolver vessels or dissolvers employing mechanical devices specially designed or prepared for the dissolution of irradiated ‘nuclear reactor’ fuel, which are capable of withstanding hot, highly corrosive liquids, and which can be remotely loaded, operated and maintained;

• d. Solvent extractors, such as packed or pulsed columns, mixer settlers or centrifugal contractors, resistant to the corrosive effects of nitric acid and specially designed or prepared for use in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated ‘natural uranium’, ‘depleted uranium’ or ‘special fissile materials’;

• e. Holding or storage vessels specially designed to be critically safe and resistant to the corrosive effects of nitric acid; Technical Note: Holding or storage vessels may have the following features:
• 1. Walls or internal structures with a boron equivalent (calculated for all constituent elements as defined in the note to 0C004) of at least two per cent;
• 2. A maximum diameter of 175 mm for cylindrical vessels; or
• 3. A maximum width of 75 mm for either a slab or annular vessel.

• f. Neutron measurement systems specially designed or prepared for integration and use with automated process control systems in a plant for the reprocessing of irradiated ‘natural uranium’, ‘depleted uranium’ or ‘special fissile materials’.

0B007Plant for the conversion of plutonium and equipment specially designed or prepared therefor, as follows:

• a. Systems for the conversion of plutonium nitrate to oxide;

• b. Systems for plutonium metal production.

0CMaterials

0C001 ‘Natural uranium’ or ‘depleted uranium’ or thorium in the form of metal, alloy, chemical compound or concentrate and any other material containing one or more of the foregoing;

• Note:

0C001 does not control the following:

• a. Four grammes or less of ‘natural uranium’ or ‘depleted uranium’ when contained in a sensing component in instruments;

• b. ‘Depleted uranium’ specially fabricated for the following civil non-nuclear applications:
• 1. Shielding;
• 2. Packaging;
• 3. Ballasts having a mass not greater than 100 kg;
• 4. Counter-weights having a mass not greater than 100 kg;

• c. Alloys containing less than 5 % thorium;

• d. Ceramic products containing thorium, which have been manufactured for non-nuclear use.

0C002 ‘Special fissile materials’

• Note:

0C002 does not control four ‘effective grammes’ or less when contained in a sensing component in instruments.

0C003Deuterium, heavy water (deuterium oxide) and other compounds of deuterium, and mixtures and solutions containing deuterium, in which the isotopic ratio of deuterium to hydrogen exceeds 1:5 000.

0C004Graphite having a purity level better than 5 parts per million ‘boron equivalent’ and with a density greater than 1,50 g/cm³ for use in a ‘nuclear reactor’, in quantities exceeding 1 kg.

- NB:

SEE ALSO 1C107.

• Note 1:

For the purpose of export control, the competent authorities of the EU Member State in which the exporter is established will determine whether or not the exports of graphite meeting the above specifications are for ‘nuclear reactor’ use. 0C004 does not control graphite having a purity level better than 5 ppm (parts per million) boron equivalent and with a density greater than 1,50 g/cm³ not for use in a ‘nuclear reactor’.

- Note 2:

In 0C004, ‘boron equivalent’ (BE) is defined as the sum of BEz for impurities (excluding BEcarbon since carbon is not considered an impurity) including boron, where:

- BEZ (ppm) = CF × concentration of element Z in ppm;

Image omitted; see official source

• and σΒ and σΖ are the thermal neutron capture cross sections (in barns) for naturally occurring boron and element Z respectively; and AB and AZ are the atomic masses of naturally occurring boron and element Z respectively.

0C005Specially prepared compounds or powders for the manufacture of gaseous diffusion barriers, resistant to corrosion by UF6 (e.g. nickel or alloys containing 60 % by weight or more nickel, aluminium oxide and fully fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers), having a purity of 99,9 % by weight or more and a particle size less than 10 μm measured by ASTM B330 standard and a high degree of particle size uniformity.

0DSoftware

0D001 ‘Software’ specially designed or modified for the ‘development’, ‘production’ or ‘use’ of goods specified in this Category.

0ETechnology

0E001 ‘Technology’ according to the Nuclear Technology Note for the ‘development’, ‘production’ or ‘use’ of goods specified in this Category.

CATEGORY 1 – SPECIAL MATERIALS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

1ASystems, Equipment and Components

1A001Components made from fluorinated compounds, as follows:

• a. Seals, gaskets, sealants or fuel bladders, specially designed for ‘aircraft’ or aerospace use, made from more than 50 % by weight of any of the materials specified in 1C009.b. or 1C009.c.;

• b. Not used;

• c. Not used.

1A002 ‘Composite’ structures or laminates, as follows:

• NB:

SEE ALSO 1A202, 9A010 and 9A110.

• a. Made from any of the following:
• 1. An organic ‘matrix’ and ‘fibrous or filamentary materials’ specified in 1C010.c. or 1C010.d.: or
• 1. Prepregs or preforms specified in 1C010.e.;

• b. Made from a metal or carbon ‘matrix’, and any of the following:
• 1. Carbon ‘fibrous or filamentary materials’ having all of the following:
• a. A ‘specific modulus’ exceeding 10,15 × 10⁶ m; and
• b. A ‘specific tensile strength’ exceeding 17,7 × 10⁴ m; or
• 1. Materials specified in 1C010.c.

• Note 1:

1A002 does not control ‘composite’ structures or laminates made from epoxy resin impregnated carbon ‘fibrous or filamentary materials’ for the repair of ‘civil aircraft’ structures or laminates, having all of the following:

• a. An area not exceeding 1 m²;

• b. A length not exceeding 2,5 m; and

• c. A width exceeding 15 mm.

• Note 2:

1A002 does not control semi-finished items, specially designed for purely civilian applications as follows:

• a. Sporting goods;

• b. Automotive industry;

• c. Machine tool industry;

• d. Medical applications.

• Note 3:

1A002.b.1. does not control semi-finished items containing a maximum of two dimensions of interwoven filaments and specially designed for applications as follows:

• a. Metal heat-treatment furnaces for tempering metals;

• b. Silicon boule production equipment.

• Note 4:

1A002 does not control finished items specially designed for a specific application.

• Note 5:

1A002.b.1. does not control mechanically chopped, milled, or cut carbon ‘fibrous or filamentary materials’ 25,0 mm or less in length.

1A003Manufactures of non-‘fusible’ aromatic polyimides in film, sheet, tape or ribbon form having any of the following:

• a. A thickness exceeding 0,254 mm; or

- b. Coated or laminated with carbon, graphite, metals or magnetic substances.

• Note:

1A003 does not control manufactures when coated or laminated with copper and designed for the production of electronic printed circuit boards.

• NB:

For ‘fusible’ aromatic polyimides in any form, see 1C008.a.3.

1A004Protective and detection equipment and components not specially designed for military use, as follows:

• NB:

SEE ALSO MILITARY GOODS CONTROLS, 2B351 AND 2B352.

• a. Full face masks, filter canisters and decontamination equipment therefor, designed or modified for defence against any of the following, and specially designed components therefor: Note:

1A004.a. includes Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR) that are designed or modified for defence against agents or materials, listed in 1A004.a. Technical Note: For the purposes of 1A004.a.: - 1. Full face masks are also known as gas masks. - 2. Filter canisters include filter cartridges. - 1. ‘Biological agents’; - 2. ‘Radioactive materials’; - 3. Chemical warfare (CW) agents; or - 4. ‘Riot control agents’, including: - a. α-Bromobenzeneacetonitrile, (Bromobenzyl cyanide) (CA) (CAS 5798-79-8); - b. [(2-Chlorophenyl) methylene] propanedinitrile, (o-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) (CS) (CAS 2698-41-1); - c. 2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone, Phenylacyl chloride (ω-chloroacetophenone) (CN) (CAS 532-27-4); - d. Dibenz-(b,f)-1,4-oxazephine (CR) (CAS 257-07-8); - e. 10-Chloro-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine, (Phenarsazine chloride), (Adamsite), (DM) (CAS 578-94-9); - f. N-Nonanoylmorpholine, (MPA) (CAS 5299-64-9);

• b. Protective suits, gloves and shoes, specially designed or modified for defence against any of the following:
• 1. ‘Biological agents’;
• 1. ‘Radioactive materials’; or
• 1. Chemical warfare (CW) agents;

• c. Detection systems, specially designed or modified for detection or identification of any of the following, and specially designed components therefor:
• 1. ‘Biological agents’;
• 1. ‘Radioactive materials’; or
• 1. Chemical warfare (CW) agents.

• d. Electronic equipment designed for automatically detecting or identifying the presence of ‘explosives’ residues and utilising ‘trace detection’ techniques (e.g., surface acoustic wave, ion mobility spectrometry, differential mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry). Technical Note: ‘Trace detection’ is defined as the capability to detect less than 1 ppm vapour, or 1 mg solid or liquid. Note 1:

1A004.d. does not control equipment specially designed for laboratory use. Note 2:

1A004.d. does not control non-contact walk-through security portals. Note:

1A004 does not control: - a. Personal radiation monitoring dosimeters; - b. Occupational health or safety equipment limited by design or function to protect against hazards specific to residential safety or civil industries, including: - 1. mining; - 2. quarrying; - 3. agriculture; - 4. pharmaceutical; - 5. medical; - 6. veterinary; - 7. environmental; - 8. waste management; - 9. food industry.

Technical Notes:

• 1.

1A004 includes equipment and components that have been identified, successfully tested to national standards or otherwise proven effective, for the detection of or defence against ‘radioactive materials’, ‘biological agents’, chemical warfare agents, ‘simulants’ or ‘riot control agents’, even if such equipment or components are used in civil industries such as mining, quarrying, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medical, veterinary, environmental, waste management, or the food industry.

• 2.

‘Simulant’ is a substance or material that is used in place of toxic agent (chemical or biological) in training, research, testing or evaluation.

- 3.