LegalizeCommission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 of 9 March 2012 laying down specifications for food additives listed in Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance
Article 1
Specifications for food additives
Specifications for food additives including colours and sweeteners listed in Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 are laid down in the Annex to this Regulation.
Article 2
Repeals
Directives 2008/60/EC, 2008/84/EC and 2008/128/EC are repealed with effect from 1 December 2012.
Article 3
Transitional measures
Foodstuffs containing food additives that have been lawfully placed on the market before 1 December 2012, but do not comply with this Regulation, may continue to be marketed until stocks are exhausted.
Article 4
Entry into force
This Regulation shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
It shall apply from 1 December 2012.
However, the specifications laid down in the Annex for additives steviol glycosides (E 960) and basic methacrylate copolymer (E 1205) shall apply from the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in the Member States.
ANNEX
Ethylene oxide may not be used for sterilising purposes in food additives.
No residue above 0,1 mg/kg, irrespective of its origin, of ethylene oxide (sum of ethylene oxide and 2-chloro-ethanol expressed as ethylene oxide ([^E0001])) shall be present in food additives listed in Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008, including mixtures of food additives.
Aluminium lakes for use in colours only where explicitly stated.
| Definition: | Aluminium lakes are prepared by reacting colours complying with the purity criteria set out in the appropriate specification monograph with alumina under aqueous conditions. The alumina is usually freshly prepared undried material made by reacting aluminium sulphate or chloride with sodium or calcium carbonate or bicarbonate or ammonia. Following lake formation, the product is filtered, washed with water and dried. Unreacted alumina may also be present in the finished product. |
| HCl insoluble matter | Not more than 0,5 % |
| ΝaΟΗ insoluble matter | Νot more than 0,5 %, for Ε 127 erythrosine only |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % (under neutral conditions) Specific purity criteria for the corresponding colours are applicable. |
E 100 CURCUMIN
| Synonyms | CI Natural Yellow 3; Turmeric Yellow; Diferoyl Methane | CI Natural Yellow 3; Turmeric Yellow; Diferoyl Methane | CI Natural Yellow 3; Turmeric Yellow; Diferoyl Methane |
| Definition | Curcumin is obtained by solvent extraction of turmeric i.e. the ground rhizomes of strains of Curcuma longa L. In order to obtain a concentrated curcumin powder, the extract is purified by crystallization. The product consists essentially of curcumins; i.e. the colouring principle (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dione) and its two desmethoxy derivatives in varying proportions. Minor amounts of oils and resins naturally occurring in turmeric may be present. Curcumin is also used as the aluminium lake; the aluminium content is less than 30 %. Only the following solvents may be used in the extraction: ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide, dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane, propan-2-ol. | Curcumin is obtained by solvent extraction of turmeric i.e. the ground rhizomes of strains of Curcuma longa L. In order to obtain a concentrated curcumin powder, the extract is purified by crystallization. The product consists essentially of curcumins; i.e. the colouring principle (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dione) and its two desmethoxy derivatives in varying proportions. Minor amounts of oils and resins naturally occurring in turmeric may be present. Curcumin is also used as the aluminium lake; the aluminium content is less than 30 %. Only the following solvents may be used in the extraction: ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide, dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane, propan-2-ol. | Curcumin is obtained by solvent extraction of turmeric i.e. the ground rhizomes of strains of Curcuma longa L. In order to obtain a concentrated curcumin powder, the extract is purified by crystallization. The product consists essentially of curcumins; i.e. the colouring principle (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-dien-3,5-dione) and its two desmethoxy derivatives in varying proportions. Minor amounts of oils and resins naturally occurring in turmeric may be present. Curcumin is also used as the aluminium lake; the aluminium content is less than 30 %. Only the following solvents may be used in the extraction: ethylacetate, acetone, carbon dioxide, dichloromethane, n-butanol, methanol, ethanol, hexane, propan-2-ol. |
| Colour Index No | 75300 | 75300 | 75300 |
| Einecs | 207-280-5 | 207-280-5 | 207-280-5 |
| Chemical name | I 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione II 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl-)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione III 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione | I 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione II 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl-)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione III 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione | I 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione II 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl-)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione III 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione |
| Chemical formula | I C21H20O6 II C20H18O5 III C19H16O4 | I C21H20O6 II C20H18O5 III C19H16O4 | I C21H20O6 II C20H18O5 III C19H16O4 |
| Molecular weight | I. 368,39 | II. 338,39 | III. 308,39 |
| Assay | Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters Image omitted; see official source1 607 at ca. 426 nm in ethanol | Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters Image omitted; see official source1 607 at ca. 426 nm in ethanol | Content not less than 90 % total colouring matters Image omitted; see official source1 607 at ca. 426 nm in ethanol |
| Description | Orange-yellow crystalline powder | Orange-yellow crystalline powder | Orange-yellow crystalline powder |
| Identification | Identification | Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in ethanol at ca. 426 nm | Maximum in ethanol at ca. 426 nm | Maximum in ethanol at ca. 426 nm |
| Melting range | 179 °C-182 °C | 179 °C-182 °C | 179 °C-182 °C |
| Purity | Purity | Purity | Purity |
| Solvent residues | Ethylacetate | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Acetone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | n-butanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Ethanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Hexane | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Propan-2-ol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg | Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg | Dichloromethane: not more than 10 mg/kg |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 10 mg/kg | Not more than 10 mg/kg | Not more than 10 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 101 (i) RIBOFLAVIN
| Synonyms | Lactoflavin; | Lactoflavin; |
| Definition | Definition | Definition |
| Colour Index No | ||
| Einecs | 201-507-1 | 201-507-1 |
| Chemical name | 7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)benzo(g)pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione; 7,8-dimethyl-10-(1′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine | 7,8-Dimethyl-10-(D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)benzo(g)pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione; 7,8-dimethyl-10-(1′-D-ribityl)isoalloxazine |
| Chemical formula | C17H20N4O6 | C17H20N4O6 |
| Molecular weight | 376,37 | 376,37 |
| Assay | Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Image omitted; see official source 328 at ca. 444 nm in aqueous solution | Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Image omitted; see official source 328 at ca. 444 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Yellow to orange-yellow crystalline powder, with slight odour | Yellow to orange-yellow crystalline powder, with slight odour |
| Identification | Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | The ratio A375/A267 is between 0,31 and 0,33 | Image omitted; see official source in aqueous solution |
| Spectrometry | The ratio A444/A267 is between 0,36 and 0,39 | Image omitted; see official source in aqueous solution |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 375 nm | Maximum in water at ca. 375 nm |
| Specific rotation | [α]D 20 between – 115° and – 140° in a 0,05 N sodium hydroxide solution | [α]D 20 between – 115° and – 140° in a 0,05 N sodium hydroxide solution |
| Purity | Purity | Purity |
| Loss on drying | Not more than 1,5 % (105 °C, 4 hours) | Not more than 1,5 % (105 °C, 4 hours) |
| Sulphated ash | Not more than 0,1 % | Not more than 0,1 % |
| Primary aromatic amines | Not more than 100 mg/kg (calculated as aniline) | Not more than 100 mg/kg (calculated as aniline) |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 101 (ii) RIBOFLAVIN-5′-PHOSPHATE
| Synonyms | Riboflavin-5′-phosphate sodium | Riboflavin-5′-phosphate sodium |
| Definition | These specifications apply to riboflavin 5′-phosphate together with minor amounts of free riboflavin and riboflavin diphosphate. | These specifications apply to riboflavin 5′-phosphate together with minor amounts of free riboflavin and riboflavin diphosphate. |
| Colour Index No | ||
| Einecs | 204-988-6 | 204-988-6 |
| Chemical name | Monosodium(2R,3R,4S)-5-(3′)10′-dihydro-7′,8′-dimethyl-2′,4′-dioxo-10′-benzo[γ]pteridinyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl phosphate; monosodium salt of 5′-monophosphate ester of riboflavin | Monosodium(2R,3R,4S)-5-(3′)10′-dihydro-7′,8′-dimethyl-2′,4′-dioxo-10′-benzo[γ]pteridinyl)-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl phosphate; monosodium salt of 5′-monophosphate ester of riboflavin |
| Chemical formula | For the dihydrate form: C17H20N4NaO9P · 2H2O | For the dihydrate form: C17H20N4NaO9P · 2H2O |
| Chemical formula | For the anhydrous form: C17H20N4NaO9P | For the anhydrous form: C17H20N4NaO9P |
| Molecular weight | 514,36 | 514,36 |
| Assay | Content not less than 95 % total colouring matters calculated as C17H20N4NaO9P.2H2O Image omitted; see official source 250 at ca. 375 nm in aqueous solution | Content not less than 95 % total colouring matters calculated as C17H20N4NaO9P.2H2O Image omitted; see official source 250 at ca. 375 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Yellow to orange crystalline hygroscopic powder, with slight odour | Yellow to orange crystalline hygroscopic powder, with slight odour |
| Identification | Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | The ratio A375/A267 is between 0,30 and 0,34 | Image omitted; see official source in aqueous solution |
| Spectrometry | The ratio A444/A267 is between 0,35 and 0,40 | Image omitted; see official source in aqueous solution |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 375 nm | Maximum in water at ca. 375 nm |
| Specific rotation | [α]D 20 between + 38° and + 42° in a 5 molar HCl solution | [α]D 20 between + 38° and + 42° in a 5 molar HCl solution |
| Purity | Purity | Purity |
| Loss on drying | Not more than 8 % (100 °C, 5 hours in vacuum over P2O5) for the dihydrate form | Not more than 8 % (100 °C, 5 hours in vacuum over P2O5) for the dihydrate form |
| Sulphated ash | Not more than 25 % | Not more than 25 % |
| Inorganic phosphate | Not more than 1,0 % (calculated as PO4 on the anhydrous basis) | Not more than 1,0 % (calculated as PO4 on the anhydrous basis) |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Riboflavin (free): Not more than 6 % Riboflavine diphosphate: Not more than 6 % | Riboflavin (free): Not more than 6 % Riboflavine diphosphate: Not more than 6 % |
| Primary aromatic amines | Not more than 70 mg/kg (calculated as aniline) | Not more than 70 mg/kg (calculated as aniline) |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 102 TARTRAZINE
| Synonyms | CI Food Yellow 4 |
| Definition | Tartrazine is prepared from 4-amino-benzenesulphonic acid, which is diazotized using hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite. The diazo compound is then coupled with 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4sulphophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid or with the methyl ester, the ethyl ester, or a salt of this carboxylic acid. The resulting dye is purified and isolated as the sodium salt. Tartrazine consists essentially of trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Tartrazine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 19140 |
| Einecs | 217-699-5 |
| Chemical name | Trisodium-5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate |
| Chemical formula | C16H9N4Na3O9S2 |
| Molecular weight | 534,37 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source 530 at ca. 426 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Light orange powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Yellow |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 426 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 1,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 4-hydrazinobenzene sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 4,4′-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic acid) | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Tetrahydroxysuccinic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 104 QUINOLINE YELLOW
| Synonyms | CI Food Yellow 13 |
| Definition | Quinoline Yellow is prepared by sulfonating 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione or a mixture containing about two thirds 2-(2-quinolyl)indane-1,3-dione and one third 2-(2-(6-methylquinolyl))indane-1,3-dione. Quinoline Yellow consists essentially of sodium salts of a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of the above compound and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Quinoline Yellow is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 47005 |
| Einecs | 305-897-5 |
| Chemical name | The disodium salts of the disulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione (principal component) |
| Chemical formula | C18H9N Na2O8S2 (principal component) |
| Molecular weight | 477,38 (principal component) |
| Assay | Content not less than 70 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt Quinoline Yellow shall have the following composition: Of the total colouring matters present: — not less than 80 % shall be disodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-disulfonates — not more than 15 % shall be sodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-monosulfonates — not more than 7,0 % shall be trisodium 2-(2-quinolyl) indan-1,3-dione-trisulfonate Image omitted; see official source 865 (principal component) at ca. 411 nm in aqueous acetic acid solution |
| Description | Yellow powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Yellow |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in aqueous acetic acid solution of pH 5 at ca. 411 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 4,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 2-methylquinoline | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 2-methylquinoline-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Phthalic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 2,6-dimethyl quinoline | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 2,6-dimethyl quinoline sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione | Not more than 4 mg/kg |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 110 SUNSET YELLOW FCF
| Synonyms | CI Food Yellow 3; Orange Yellow S |
| Definition | Sunset Yellow FCF consists essentially of disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Sunset Yellow FCF is manufactured by diazotizing 4-aminobenzenesulphonic acid using hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite or sulphuric acid and sodium nitrite. The diazo compound is coupled with 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene-sulphonic acid. The dye is isolated as the sodium salt and dried. Sunset Yellow FCF is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 15985 |
| Einecs | 220-491-7 |
| Chemical name | Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)naphthalene-6-sulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C16H10N2Na2O7S2 |
| Molecular weight | 452,37 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source 555 at ca. 485 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7 |
| Description | Orange-red powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Orange |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 485 nm at pH 7 |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 5,0 % |
| 1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthalenol (Sudan I) | Not more than 0,5 mg/kg |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 4-aminobenzene-1-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 4,4′-diazoaminodi(benzene sulfonic acid) | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 6,6′-oxydi(naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid) | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 120 CARMINIC ACID, CARMINE
| Synonyms | CI Natural Red 4 | CI Natural Red 4 |
| Definition | Carminic acid is obtained from aqueous, aqueous alcoholic or alcoholic extracts from Cochineal, which consists of the dried bodies of the female insect Dactylopius coccus Costa. Carmines are aluminium lakes of carminic acid in which aluminium and carminic acid are thought to be present in the molar ratio 1:2. The colouring principle is carminic acid. Minor amounts of its aminated form 4-aminocarminic acid may also be present. In commercial products the colouring principle carminic acid may be present in association with ammonium, calcium, potassium or sodium cations, singly or in combination, and these cations may also be present in excess. Commercial products may also contain proteinaceous material derived from the source insect. | Carminic acid is obtained from aqueous, aqueous alcoholic or alcoholic extracts from Cochineal, which consists of the dried bodies of the female insect Dactylopius coccus Costa. Carmines are aluminium lakes of carminic acid in which aluminium and carminic acid are thought to be present in the molar ratio 1:2. The colouring principle is carminic acid. Minor amounts of its aminated form 4-aminocarminic acid may also be present. In commercial products the colouring principle carminic acid may be present in association with ammonium, calcium, potassium or sodium cations, singly or in combination, and these cations may also be present in excess. Commercial products may also contain proteinaceous material derived from the source insect. |
| Colour Index No | 75470 | 75470 |
| Einecs | Carminic acid: 215-023-3; carmines: 215-724-4 | Carminic acid: 215-023-3; carmines: 215-724-4 |
| Chemical name | 7-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (carminic acid); carmine is the hydrated aluminium chelate of this acid | 7-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (carminic acid); carmine is the hydrated aluminium chelate of this acid |
| Chemical formula | C22H20O13 (carminic acid) | C22H20O13 (carminic acid) |
| Molecular weight | 492,39 (carminic acid) | 492,39 (carminic acid) |
| Assay | Content not less than 90 % carminic acid; not less than 50 % carminic acid in the chelates. | Content not less than 90 % carminic acid; not less than 50 % carminic acid in the chelates. |
| Description | Red to dark red, friable, solid or powder | Red to dark red, friable, solid or powder |
| Identification | ||
| Spectrometry | Carminic acid: Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at ca. 518 nm Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at ca. 494 nm E 1 %/1 cm 139 at peak around 494 nm in dilute hydrochloric acid 4-aminocarminic acid: Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at 535 nm Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at 530 nm E 1 %/1 cm 260 at peak around 535 nm in aqueous ammonia solution, pH 9,5 In commercial products carminic acid may be differentiated from its amine by HPLC | Carminic acid: Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at ca. 518 nm Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at ca. 494 nm E 1 %/1 cm 139 at peak around 494 nm in dilute hydrochloric acid 4-aminocarminic acid: Maximum in aqueous ammonia solution at 535 nm Maximum in dilute hydrochloric solution at 530 nm E 1 %/1 cm 260 at peak around 535 nm in aqueous ammonia solution, pH 9,5 In commercial products carminic acid may be differentiated from its amine by HPLC |
| Purity | ||
| Solvent residues | Ethanol: Methanol: | Not more than 150 mg/kg Not more than 50 mg/kg |
| Total ash | Carminic acid: Carmine: | Not more than 5 % Not more than 12 % |
| Protein (N × 6,25) | Carminic acid: Carmine: | Not more than 2,2 % Not more than 25 % |
| 4-aminocarminic acid | Not more than 3 % relative to carminic acid | Not more than 3 % relative to carminic acid |
| Matter insoluble in dilute ammonia | Carmine: Not more than 1 % | Carmine: Not more than 1 % |
| Arsenic | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 1,5 mg/kg | Not more than 1,5 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 0,5 mg/kg | Not more than 0,5 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 0,1 mg/kg | Not more than 0,1 mg/kg |
| Microbiological criteria | ||
| Salmonella spp. | Absent in 10 g | Absent in 10 g |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 122 AZORUBINE, CARMOISINE
| Synonyms | CI Food Red 3 |
| Definition | Azorubine consists essentially of disodium 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-1-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Azorubine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 14720 |
| Einecs | 222-657-4 |
| Chemical name | Disodium 4-hydroxy-3-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-1-sulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C20H12N2Na2O7S2 |
| Molecular weight | 502,44 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source 510 at ca. 516 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Red to maroon powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Red |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 516 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 1 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 4-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 123 AMARANTH
| Synonyms | CI Food Red 9 |
| Definition | Amaranth consists essentially of trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Amaranth is manufactured by coupling 4-amino-1-naphthalenesulphonic acid with 3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulphonic acid. Amaranth is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 16185 |
| Einecs | 213-022-2 |
| Chemical name | Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C20H11N2Na3O10S3 |
| Molecular weight | 604,48 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source 440 at ca. 520 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Reddish-brown powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Red |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 520 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 3,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-trisulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 124 PONCEAU 4R, COCHINEAL RED A
| Synonyms | CI Food Red 7; New Coccine |
| Definition | Ponceau 4R consists essentially of trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Ponceau 4R is manufactured by coupling diazotized naphthionic acid to G acid (2-naphthol-6,8- disulphonic acid) and converting the coupling product to the trisodium salt. Ponceau 4R is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 16255 |
| Einecs | 220-036-2 |
| Chemical name | Trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo) naphthalene-6,8-disulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C20H11N2Na3O10S3 |
| Molecular weight | 604,48 |
| Assay | Content not less than 80 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt. Image omitted; see official source 430 at ca. 505 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Reddish powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Red |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 505 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 1,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-6-trisulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 127 ERYTHROSINE
| Synonyms | CI Food Red 14 |
| Definition | Erythrosine consists essentially of disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl) benzoate monohydrate and subsidiary colouring matters together with water, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Erythrosine is manufactured by iodination of fluorescein, the condensation product of resorcinol and phthalic anhydride Erythrosine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 45430 |
| Einecs | 240-474-8 |
| Chemical name | Disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate monohydrate |
| Chemical formula | C20H6I4Na2O5 H2O |
| Molecular weight | 897,88 |
| Assay | Content not less than 87 % total colouring matters, calculated as the anhydrous sodium salt Image omitted; see official source1 100 at ca. 526 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7 |
| Description | Red powder or granules. |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Red |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 526 nm at pH 7 |
| Purity | Purity |
| Inorganic iodides | Not more than 0,1 % (calculated as sodium iodide) |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters (except fluorescein) | Not more than 4,0 % |
| Fluorescein | Not more than 20 mg/kg |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| Tri-iodoresorcinol | Not more than 0,2 % |
| 2-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoyl) benzoic acid | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Ether extractable matter | From a solution of pH from 7 through 8, not more than 0,2 % |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium Lakes of this colour may be used.
E 129 ALLURA RED AC
| Synonyms | CI Food Red 17 |
| Definition | Allura Red AC consists essentially of disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonato-phenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Allura Red AC is manufactured by coupling diazotized 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-toluenesulphonic acid with 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulphonic acid Allura Red AC is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 16035 |
| Einecs | 247-368-0 |
| Chemical name | Disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C18H14N2Na2O8S2 |
| Molecular weight | 496,42 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source 540 at ca. 504 nm in aqueous solution at pH 7 |
| Description | Dark red powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Red |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 504 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 3,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt | Not more than 0,3 % |
| 4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenezene sulfonic acid | Not more than 0,2 % |
| 6,6-oxybis (2-naphthalene sulfonic acid) disodium salt | Not more than 1,0 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | From a solution of pH 7, not more than 0,2 % |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 131 PATENT BLUE V
| Synonyms | CI Food Blue 5 |
| Definition | Patent Blue V consists essentially of the calcium or sodium compound of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene)2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethylammonium hydroxide inner salt and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate and/or calcium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. The potassium salt is also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 42051 |
| Einecs | 222-573-8 |
| Chemical name | The calcium or sodium compound of [4-(α-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4-disulfophenyl-methylidene) 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene] diethyl-ammonium hydroxide inner salt |
| Chemical formula | Calcium compound: C27H31N2O7S2Ca1/2 Sodium compound: C27H31N2O7S2Na |
| Molecular weight | Calcium compound: 579,72 Sodium compound: 582,67 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source2 000 at ca. 638 nm in aqueous solution at pH 5 |
| Description | Dark blue powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Blue |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at 638 nm at pH 5 |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 2,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| 3-hydroxy benzaldehyde | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 3-hydroxy benzoic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 3-hydroxy-4-sulfobenzoic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| N,N-diethylamino benzene sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Leuco base | Not more than 4,0 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | From a solution of pH 5 not more than 0,2 % |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 132 INDIGOTINE, INDIGO CARMINE
| Synonyms | CI Food Blue 1 |
| Definition | Indigotine consists essentially of a mixture of disodium 3,3′dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,5′-disulfonate, and disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,7′-disulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Indigotine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. Indigo carmine is obtained by sulphonation of indigo. This is accomplished by heating indigo (or indigo paste) in the presence of sulphuric acid. The dye is isolated and subjected to purification procedures. |
| Colour Index No | 73015 |
| Einecs | 212-728-8 |
| Chemical name | Disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,5′-disulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C16H8N2Na2O8S2 |
| Molecular weight | 466,36 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt; disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,7′-disulfonate: not more than 18 % Image omitted; see official source 480 at ca. 610 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Dark-blue powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Blue |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 610 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Excluding disodium 3,3′-dioxo-2,2′-bi-indolylidene-5,7′-disulfonate: not more than 1,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| Isatin-5-sulfonic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| 5-sulfoanthranilic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Anthranilic acid | Image omitted; see official source Total not more than 0,5 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % under neutral conditions |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 133 BRILLIANT BLUE FCF
| Synonyms | CI Food Blue 2 |
| Definition | Brilliant Blue FCF consists essentially of disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phenyl)-α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate and its isomers and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Brilliant Blue FCF is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted. |
| Colour Index No | 42090 |
| Einecs | 223-339-8 |
| Chemical name | Disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phenyl)-α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate |
| Chemical formula | C37H34N2Na2O9S3 |
| Molecular weight | 792,84 |
| Assay | Content not less than 85 % total colouring matters, calculated as the sodium salt Image omitted; see official source1 630 at ca. 630 nm in aqueous solution |
| Description | Reddish-blue powder or granules |
| Appearance of the aqueous solution | Blue |
| Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in water at ca. 630 nm |
| Purity | Purity |
| Water insoluble matter | Not more than 0,2 % |
| Subsidiary colouring matters | Not more than 6,0 % |
| Organic compounds other than colouring matters: | |
| Sum of 2-, 3- and 4-formyl benzene sulfonic acids | Not more than 1,5 % |
| 3-((ethyl)(4-sulfophenyl) amino) methyl benzene sulfonic acid | Not more than 0,3 % |
| Leuco base | Not more than 5,0 % |
| Unsulfonated primary aromatic amines | Not more than 0,01 % (calculated as aniline) |
| Ether extractable matter | Not more than 0,2 % at pH 7 |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 140 (i) CHLOROPHYLLS
| Synonyms | CI Natural Green 3; Magnesium Chlorophyll; Magnesium Phaeophytin | CI Natural Green 3; Magnesium Chlorophyll; Magnesium Phaeophytin |
| Definition | Chlorophylls are obtained by solvent extraction of strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. During the subsequent removal of solvent, the naturally present coordinated magnesium may be wholly or partly removed from the chlorophylls to give the corresponding phaeophytins. The principal colouring matters are the phaeophytins and magnesium chlorophylls. The extracted product, from which the solvent has been removed, contains other pigments such as carotenoids as well as oils, fats and waxes derived from the source material. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane. | Chlorophylls are obtained by solvent extraction of strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. During the subsequent removal of solvent, the naturally present coordinated magnesium may be wholly or partly removed from the chlorophylls to give the corresponding phaeophytins. The principal colouring matters are the phaeophytins and magnesium chlorophylls. The extracted product, from which the solvent has been removed, contains other pigments such as carotenoids as well as oils, fats and waxes derived from the source material. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane. |
| Colour Index No | 75810 | 75810 |
| Einecs | Chlorophylls: 215-800-7, chlorophyll a: 207-536-6, Chlorophyll b: 208-272-4 | Chlorophylls: 215-800-7, chlorophyll a: 207-536-6, Chlorophyll b: 208-272-4 |
| Chemical name | The major colouring principles are: Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta [at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate, (Phaeophytin a), or as the magnesium complex (Chlorophyll a) Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate, (Pheophytin b), or as the magnesium complex (Chlorophyll b) | The major colouring principles are: Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta [at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate, (Phaeophytin a), or as the magnesium complex (Chlorophyll a) Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate, (Pheophytin b), or as the magnesium complex (Chlorophyll b) |
| Chemical formula | Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): C55H72MgN4O5 Chlorophyll a: C55H74N4O5 Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): C55H70MgN4O6 Chlorophyll b: C55H72N4O6 | Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): C55H72MgN4O5 Chlorophyll a: C55H74N4O5 Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): C55H70MgN4O6 Chlorophyll b: C55H72N4O6 |
| Molecular weight | Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): 893,51 Chlorophyll a: 871,22 Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): 907,49 Chlorophyll b: 885,20 | Chlorophyll a (magnesium complex): 893,51 Chlorophyll a: 871,22 Chlorophyll b (magnesium complex): 907,49 Chlorophyll b: 885,20 |
| Assay | Content of total combined Chlorophylls and their magnesium complexes is not less than 10 % Image omitted; see official source 700 at ca. 409 nm in chloroform | Content of total combined Chlorophylls and their magnesium complexes is not less than 10 % Image omitted; see official source 700 at ca. 409 nm in chloroform |
| Description | Waxy solid ranging in colour from olive green to dark green depending on the content of coordinated magnesium | Waxy solid ranging in colour from olive green to dark green depending on the content of coordinated magnesium |
| Identification | Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in chloroform at ca. 409 nm | Maximum in chloroform at ca. 409 nm |
| Purity | Purity | Purity |
| Solvent residues | Acetone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methyl Ethyl ketone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Ethanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Propan-2-ol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Hexane | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Dichloromethane: | Not more than 10 mg/kg |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 5 mg/kg | Not more than 5 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
E 140 (ii) CHLOROPHYLLINS
| Synonyms | CI Natural Green 5; Sodium Chlorophyllin; Potassium Chlorophyllin | CI Natural Green 5; Sodium Chlorophyllin; Potassium Chlorophyllin |
| Definition | The alkali salts of chlorophyllins are obtained by the saponification of a solvent extract of strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. The saponification removes the methyl and phytol ester groups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring. The acid groups are neutralised to form the salts of potassium and/or sodium. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane. | The alkali salts of chlorophyllins are obtained by the saponification of a solvent extract of strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne and nettle. The saponification removes the methyl and phytol ester groups and may partially cleave the cyclopentenyl ring. The acid groups are neutralised to form the salts of potassium and/or sodium. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane. |
| Colour Index No | 75815 | 75815 |
| Einecs | 287-483-3 | 287-483-3 |
| Chemical name | The major colouring principles in their acid forms are: — 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin a) — and — 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin b) Depending on the degree of hydrolysis the cyclopentenyl ring may be cleaved with the resultant production of a third carboxyl function. Magnesium complexes may also be present. | The major colouring principles in their acid forms are: — 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin a) — and — 3-(10-carboxylato-4-ethyl-3-formyl-1,5,8-trimethyl-9-oxo-2-vinylphorbin-7-yl)propionate (chlorophyllin b) Depending on the degree of hydrolysis the cyclopentenyl ring may be cleaved with the resultant production of a third carboxyl function. Magnesium complexes may also be present. |
| Chemical formula | Chlorophyllin a (acid form): C34H34N4O5 Chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H32N4O6 | Chlorophyllin a (acid form): C34H34N4O5 Chlorophyllin b (acid form): C34H32N4O6 |
| Molecular weight | Chlorophyllin a: 578,68 Chlorophyllin b: 592,66 Each may be increased by 18 daltons if the cyclopentenyl ring is cleaved. | Chlorophyllin a: 578,68 Chlorophyllin b: 592,66 Each may be increased by 18 daltons if the cyclopentenyl ring is cleaved. |
| Assay | Content of total chlorophyllins is not less than 95 % of the sample dried at ca. 100 °C for 1 hour. Image omitted; see official source 700 at ca. 405 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9Image omitted; see official source 140 at ca. 653 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9 | Content of total chlorophyllins is not less than 95 % of the sample dried at ca. 100 °C for 1 hour. Image omitted; see official source 700 at ca. 405 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9Image omitted; see official source 140 at ca. 653 nm in aqueous solution at pH 9 |
| Description | Dark green to blue/black powder | Dark green to blue/black powder |
| Identification | Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 9 at ca. 405 nm and at ca. 653 nm | Maximum in aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 9 at ca. 405 nm and at ca. 653 nm |
| Purity | Purity | Purity |
| Solvent residues | Acetone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methyl ethyl ketone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Ethanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Propan-2-ol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Hexane | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Dichloromethane: | not more than 10 mg/kg |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 10 mg/kg | Not more than 10 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
E 141 (i) COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLS
| Synonyms | CI Natural Green 3; Copper Chlorophyll; Copper Phaeophytin | CI Natural Green 3; Copper Chlorophyll; Copper Phaeophytin |
| Definition | Copper chlorophylls are obtained by addition of a salt of copper to the substance obtained by solvent extraction of strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne, and nettle. The product, from which the solvent has been removed, contains other pigments such as carotenoids as well as fats and waxes derived from the source material. The principal colouring matters are the copper phaeophytins. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane. | Copper chlorophylls are obtained by addition of a salt of copper to the substance obtained by solvent extraction of strains of edible plant material, grass, lucerne, and nettle. The product, from which the solvent has been removed, contains other pigments such as carotenoids as well as fats and waxes derived from the source material. The principal colouring matters are the copper phaeophytins. Only the following solvents may be used for the extraction: acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dichloromethane, carbon dioxide, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and hexane. |
| Colour Index No | 75810 | 75810 |
| Einecs | Copper chlorophyll a: 239-830-5; copper chlorophyll b: 246-020-5 | Copper chlorophyll a: 239-830-5; copper chlorophyll b: 246-020-5 |
| Chemical name | [Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper Chlorophyll a) [Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper chlorophyll b) | [Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper Chlorophyll a) [Phytyl (132R,17S,18S)-3-(8-ethyl-7-formyl-132-methoxycarbonyl-2,12,18-trimethyl-13′-oxo-3-vinyl-131-132-17,18-tetrahydrocyclopenta[at]-porphyrin-17-yl)propionate] copper (II) (Copper chlorophyll b) |
| Chemical formula | Copper chlorophyll a: C55H72Cu N4O5 Copper chlorophyll b: C55H70Cu N4O6 | Copper chlorophyll a: C55H72Cu N4O5 Copper chlorophyll b: C55H70Cu N4O6 |
| Molecular weight | Copper chlorophyll a: 932,75 Copper chlorophyll b: 946,73 | Copper chlorophyll a: 932,75 Copper chlorophyll b: 946,73 |
| Assay | Content of total copper chlorophylls is not less than 10 %. Image omitted; see official source 540 at ca. 422 nm in chloroformImage omitted; see official source 300 at ca. 652 nm in chloroform | Content of total copper chlorophylls is not less than 10 %. Image omitted; see official source 540 at ca. 422 nm in chloroformImage omitted; see official source 300 at ca. 652 nm in chloroform |
| Description | Waxy solid ranging in colour from blue green to dark green depending on the source material | Waxy solid ranging in colour from blue green to dark green depending on the source material |
| Identification | Identification | Identification |
| Spectrometry | Maximum in chloroform at ca. 422 nm and at ca. 652 nm | Maximum in chloroform at ca. 422 nm and at ca. 652 nm |
| Purity | Purity | Purity |
| Solvent residues | Acetone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methyl ethyl ketone | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Methanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Ethanol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Propan-2-ol | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Hexane | Image omitted; see official source Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
| Solvent residues | Dichloromethane: | not more than 10 mg/kg |
| Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
| Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
| Copper ions | Not more than 200 mg/kg | Not more than 200 mg/kg |
| Total copper | Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper phaeophytins | Not more than 8,0 % of the total copper phaeophytins |
Aluminium lakes of this colour may be used.
E 141 (ii) COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS
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