Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 44/2014 of 21 November 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the vehicle construction and general requirements for the approval of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles Text with EEA relevance

• — SAE J1850: March 1998 ‘Class B Data Communication Network Interface. Emission related messages shall use the cyclic redundancy check and the three-byte header and not use inter byte separation or checksums’,

• — ISO 14229-3:2012: ‘Road vehicles — Unified diagnostic services (UDS) — Part 3: Unified diagnostic services on CAN implementation’,

• — ISO 14229-4:2012: ‘Road vehicles — Unified diagnostic services (UDS) — Part 4: Unified diagnostic services on FlexRay implementation’,

• — ISO 14230-4:2000: ‘Road Vehicles — Keyword protocol 2000 for diagnostic systems — Part 4: Requirements for emission-related systems’,

• — ISO 15765-4:2011: ‘Road vehicles — Diagnostics on Controller Area Network (CAN) — Part 4: Requirements for emission-related systems’, dated 1 November 2001 ’,

• — ISO 22901-2:2011: ‘Road vehicles — Open diagnostic data exchange (ODX) — Part 2: Emissions-related diagnostic data’.

• 3.9.Test equipment and diagnostic tools needed to communicate with OBD systems shall meet or exceed the functional specification in ISO 15031-4:2005: ‘Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 4: External test equipment’.

• 3.10.Basic diagnostic data (as specified in point 6.5.1) and bi-directional control information shall be provided using the format and units described in ISO 15031-5:2011 ‘Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 5: Emissions-related diagnostic services’ and shall be available using a diagnostic tool meeting the requirements of ISO 15031-4:2005.

• 3.10.1.The vehicle manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with details of any diagnostic data, e.g. PID’s, OBD monitor Id’s, Test Id’s not specified in ISO 15031-5:2011 but relating to this Regulation.

• 3.11.When a fault is registered, the manufacturer shall identify the fault using an appropriate fault code consistent with those in ISO 15031-6:2010 ‘Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 6: Diagnostic trouble code definitions’ relating to ‘emission-related system diagnostic trouble codes’. If this is not possible, the manufacturer may use the diagnostic trouble codes of ISO DIS 15031-6:2010. Alternatively, fault codes may be compiled and reported in accordance with ISO14229:2006. The fault codes shall be fully accessible by standardised diagnostic equipment complying with point 3.9.

• The vehicle manufacturer shall provide to a national standardisation body the details of any emission-related diagnostic data, e.g. PID's, OBD monitor Id's, Test Id's not specified in ISO 15031-5:2011 or ISO14229:2006, but relating to this Regulation.

• 3.12.The connection interface between the vehicle and the diagnostic tester shall be standardised and meet all the requirements of ISO 19689:2016 ‘Motorcycles and mopeds — Communication between vehicle and external equipment for diagnostics — Diagnostic connector and related electrical circuits, specification and use’ or ISO 15031-3:2004 ‘Road vehicles — Communication between vehicle and external test equipment for emissions-related diagnostics — Part 3: Diagnostic connector and related electric circuits: specification and use’. The preferred installation position is under the seating position. Any other position of the diagnostic connector shall be subject to the approval authority's agreement and be readily accessible by service personnel but protected from tampering by non-qualified personnel. The position of the connection interface shall be clearly indicated in the user manual.

• 3.13.Until an OBD stage II system for L-category vehicle has been implemented on the vehicle, an alternative connection interface may be installed at the request of the vehicle manufacturer. Where such an alternative connection interface is installed, the vehicle manufacturer shall make available to test equipment manufacturers the details of the vehicle connector pin configuration free of charge. The vehicle manufacturer shall provide an adapter enabling connection to a generic scan tool. Such an adapter shall be of suitable quality for professional workshop use. It shall be provided upon request to all independent operators in a non-discriminating manner. Manufacturers may charge a reasonable and proportionate price for this adapter, taking into account the additional costs caused for the customer by this choice of the manufacturer. The connection interface and the adapter may not include any specific design elements which would require validation or certification before use, or which would restrict the exchange of vehicle data when using a generic scan tool.

4. In-use performance

4.1.   General requirements

• 4.1.1.Each monitor of the OBD system shall be executed at least once per driving cycle in which the monitoring conditions in point 3.2 of Annex XII are met. Manufacturers shall not use the calculated ratio (or any element thereof) or any other indication of monitor frequency as a monitoring condition for any monitor.

• 4.1.2.The in-use performance ratio (‘IUPR’) of a specific monitor M of the OBD systems and in-use performance of pollution control devices shall be:

• Equation Ap1-1:

Image omitted; see official source

• 4.1.3.Comparison of Numerator and Denominator gives an indication of how often a specific monitor is operating relative to vehicle operation. To ensure all manufacturers are tracking IUPRM in the same manner, detailed requirements are given for defining and incrementing these counters.

• 4.1.4.From 1 January 2024, if, in accordance with the requirements of this Annex, the vehicle is equipped with a specific monitor M, IUPRM shall be greater than or equal to 0,1 for all monitors M.

• 4.1.4.1.Until 31 December 2023, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to the approval authority the functionality of IUPR determination, for new types of vehicles as of 1 January 2020 and for existing types of vehicles as of 1 January 2021.

• 4.1.5.The requirements of this point are deemed to be met for a particular monitor M, if for all vehicles of a particular vehicle and propulsion family manufactured in a particular calendar year the following statistical conditions hold:

• (a) The average IUPRM is equal or above the minimum value applicable to the monitor;

• (b) More than 50 % of all vehicles have an IUPRM equal or above the minimum value applicable to the monitor.

• 4.1.6.The manufacturer shall demonstrate to the approval authority that these statistical conditions are satisfied for vehicles manufactured in a given calendar year for all monitors required to be reported by the OBD system according to point 4.6 of this Appendix not later than 18 months after the end of a calendar year. For this purpose, statistical tests shall be used which implement recognised statistical principles and confidence levels.

• 4.1.7.For demonstration purposes of this point, the manufacturer may group vehicles within a vehicle and propulsion family by any successive non-overlapping 12-month manufacturing periods instead of calendar years. For establishing the test sample of vehicles, at least the selection criteria of Appendix 3, point 2 shall be applied. For the entire test sample of vehicles, the manufacturer shall report to the approval authority all of the in-use performance data to be reported by the OBD system in accordance with point 4.6 of this Appendix. Upon request, the approval authority which grants the approval shall make these data and the results of the statistical evaluation available to other approval authorities.

• 4.1.8.The approval authority and the technical service may pursue further tests on vehicles or collect appropriate data recorded by vehicles to verify compliance with the requirements of this Annex.

• 4.1.9.In-use performance-related data to be stored and reported by a vehicle’s OBD system shall be made readily available by the manufacturer to national authorities and independent operators without any encryption.

4.2.   NumeratorM

• 4.2.1.The numerator of a specific monitor is a counter measuring the number of times a vehicle has been operated in such a way that all monitoring conditions necessary for the specific monitor to detect a malfunction in order to warn the driver, as they have been implemented by the manufacturer, have been encountered. The numerator shall not be incremented more than once per driving cycle, unless there is reasoned technical justification.

4.3.   DenominatorM

• 4.3.1.The purpose of the denominator is to provide a counter indicating the number of vehicle driving events, taking into account special conditions for a specific monitor. The denominator shall be incremented at least once per driving cycle, if during this driving cycle such conditions are met and the general denominator is incremented as specified in point 4.5, unless the denominator is disabled according to point 4.7.

• 4.3.2.In addition to the requirements of point 4.3.1:

Secondary air system monitor denominator(s) shall be incremented if the commanded ‘on’ operation of the secondary air system occurs for a time greater than or equal to 10 seconds. For purposes of determining this commanded ‘on’ time, the OBD system shall not include time during intrusive operation of the secondary air system solely for the purposes of monitoring.

Denominators of monitors of systems only active during cold start shall be incremented if the component or strategy is commanded ‘on’ for a time greater than or equal to 10 seconds.

The denominator(s) for monitors of Variable Valve Timing (VVT) and/or control systems shall be incremented if the component is commanded to function (e.g. commanded ‘on’, ‘open’, ‘closed’, ‘locked’, etc.) on two or more occasions during the driving cycle or for a time greater than or equal to 10 seconds, whichever occurs first.

For the following monitors, the denominator(s) shall be incremented by one if, in addition to meeting the requirements of this point on at least one driving cycle, at least 800 cumulative kilometres of vehicle operation have been experienced since the last time the denominator was incremented:

• (i) Diesel oxidation catalyst;

• (ii) Diesel particulate filter.

• 4.3.3.For hybrid vehicles, vehicles that employ alternative engine start hardware or strategies (e.g. integrated starter and generators), or alternative fuel vehicles (e.g. dedicated, bi-fuel, or dual-fuel applications), the manufacturer may request the approval of the approval authority to use alternative criteria to those set out in this point for incrementing the denominator. In general, the approval authority shall not approve alternative criteria for vehicles that employ engine shut off only at or near idle/vehicle stop conditions. The authority’s approval of the alternative criteria shall be based on their equivalence to determine the amount of vehicle operation relative to the measure of conventional vehicle operation in accordance with the criteria in this point.

4.4.   Ignition Cycle Counter

• 4.4.1.The ignition cycle counter indicates the number of ignition cycles a vehicle has experienced. The ignition cycle counter may not be incremented more than once per driving cycle.

4.5.   General Denominator

• 4.5.1. The general denominator is a counter measuring the number of times a vehicle has been operated. It shall be incremented within 10 seconds, if the following criteria are satisfied on a single driving cycle:

• (a) Cumulative time since engine start is greater than or equal to 600 seconds at an elevation of less than 2 440 m above sea level or an ambient pressure of more than 75,7 kPa and an ambient temperature of 266,2 K (– 7 °C) or more;

• (b) Cumulative vehicle operation at or above 25 km/h occurs for 300 seconds or more at an elevation of less than 2 440 m above sea level or an ambient pressure of more than 75,7 kPa and an ambient temperature of 266,2 K (– 7 °C) or more;

• (c) Continuous vehicle operation at idle (i.e. accelerator pedal released by driver and vehicle speed of 1,6 km/h or less) for 30 seconds or more at an elevation of less than 2 440 m above sea level or an ambient pressure of more than 75,7 kPa and an ambient temperature of 266,2 K (– 7 °C) or more.

The general denominator may also be incremented outside the boundary conditions for altitude or ambient pressure and ambient temperature.

4.6.   Reporting and increasing counters

• 4.6.1.The OBD system shall report in accordance with the ISO 15031-5:2011 specifications the ignition cycle counter and general denominator as well as separate numerators and denominators for the following monitors, if their presence on the vehicle is required by this Annex:

• (a) Catalysts (each bank to be reported separately);

• (b) Oxygen/exhaust gas sensors, including secondary oxygen sensors (each sensor to be reported separately);

• (c) Evaporative system;

• (d) Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system;

• (e) Variable Valve Train (VVT) system;

• (f) Secondary air system;

• (g) Particulate filter;

• (h) NOx after-treatment system (e.g. NOx adsorber, NOx reagent/catalyst system);

• (i) Boost pressure control system.

• 4.6.2.For specific components or systems that have multiple monitors which have to be reported under this point (e.g. oxygen sensor bank 1 may have multiple monitors for sensor response or other sensor characteristics), the OBD system shall separately track numerators and denominators for each of the specific monitors and report only the corresponding numerator and denominator for the specific monitor that has the lowest numerical ratio. If two or more specific monitors have identical ratios, the corresponding numerator and denominator for the specific monitor that has the highest denominator shall be reported for the specific component.

• 4.6.2.1.Numerators and denominators for specific monitors of components or systems that are monitoring continuously for short circuit or open circuit failures are exempted from reporting.

• For the purposes of this point, ‘continuously’ means monitoring is always enabled and sampling of the signal used for monitoring occurs at a rate no less than two samples per second and the presence or the absence of the failure relevant to that monitor has to be concluded within 15 seconds. If for control purposes, a computer input component is sampled less frequently, the signal of the component may instead be evaluated each time sampling occurs.It is not required to activate an output component/system for the sole purpose of monitoring that output component/system.

• 4.6.3.All counters, when incremented, shall be incremented by an integer of one.

• 4.6.4.The minimum value of each counter is 0; the maximum value shall not be less than 65 535 , notwithstanding any other requirements regarding standardised storage and reporting of the OBD system.

• 4.6.5.If either the numerator or denominator for a specific monitor reaches its maximum value, both counters for that specific monitor shall be divided by two before being incremented again in accordance with points 4.2 and 4.3. If the ignition cycle counter or the general denominator reaches its maximum value, the respective counter shall change to zero at its next increment in accordance with points 4.4 and 4.5 respectively.

• 4.6.6.Each counter shall be reset to zero only when a non-volatile memory reset occurs (e.g. reprogramming event, etc.) or, if the numbers are stored in keep-alive memory (KAM), when KAM is lost due to an interruption in electrical power to the control module (e.g. battery disconnect, etc.).

• 4.6.7.The manufacturer shall take measures to ensure that the values of numerator and denominator cannot be reset or modified, except in cases provided for explicitly in this point.

4.7.   Disablement of Numerators and Denominators and of the General Denominator

• 4.7.1.Within 10 seconds of detection of a malfunction which disables a monitor required to meet the monitoring conditions of this Annex (i.e. a pending or confirmed code is stored), the OBD system shall disable further incrementing of the corresponding numerator and denominator for each monitor that is disabled. When the malfunction is no longer detected (i.e. the pending code is erased through self-clearing or a scan tool command), incrementing of all corresponding numerators and denominators shall resume within 10 seconds.

• 4.7.2.Within 10 seconds of the start of a power take-off operation (PTO) that disables a monitor required to meet the monitoring conditions of this Annex, the OBD system shall disable further incrementing of the corresponding numerator and denominator for each monitor that is disabled. When the PTO operation ends, incrementing of all corresponding numerators and denominators shall resume within 10 seconds.

• 4.7.3.The OBD system shall disable further incrementing of the numerator and denominator of a specific monitor within 10 seconds, if a malfunction of any component used to determine the criteria within the definition of the specific monitor’s denominator (i.e. vehicle speed, ambient temperature, elevation, idle operation, engine cold start or time of operation) has been detected and the corresponding pending fault code has been stored. Incrementing of the numerator and denominator shall resume within 10 seconds when the malfunction is no longer present (e.g. pending code erased through self-clearing or by a scan tool command).

• 4.7.4.The OBD system shall disable further incrementing of the general denominator within 10 seconds if a malfunction has been detected of any component used to determine whether the criteria in point 4.5 are satisfied (i.e. vehicle speed, ambient temperature, elevation, idle operation or time of operation) and the corresponding pending fault code has been stored. The general denominator may not be disabled from incrementing for any other condition. Incrementing of the general denominator shall resume within 10 seconds when the malfunction is no longer present (e.g. pending code erased through self-clearing or by a scan tool command).

5. Access to OBD information

• 5.1.Applications for type-approval or type-approval amendment shall be accompanied by the relevant information concerning the vehicle OBD system. This information shall enable manufacturers of replacement or retrofit components to make the parts they manufacture compatible with the vehicle OBD system, with a view to fault-free operation assuring the vehicle user against malfunctions. Similarly, such relevant information shall enable the manufacturers of diagnostic tools and test equipment to make tools and equipment that provide for the effective and accurate diagnosis of vehicle emission control systems.

• 5.2.Upon request, the vehicle manufacturer shall make the relevant information on the OBD system available to any interested components, diagnostic tools or test equipment manufacturer on a non-discriminatory basis:

• 5.2.1. A description of the type and number of preconditioning cycles used for the original type-approval of the vehicle;

• 5.2.2. A description of the type of the OBD demonstration cycle used for the original type-approval of the vehicle for the component monitored by the OBD system;

• 5.2.3. A comprehensive document describing all sensed components with the strategy for fault detection and MI activation (fixed number of driving cycles or statistical method), including a list of relevant secondary sensed parameters for each component monitored by the OBD system and a list of all OBD output codes and format used (with an explanation of each) associated with individual emission-related powertrain components and individual non-emission-related components, where monitoring of the component is used to determine MI activation. In particular, a comprehensive explanation for the data in service $ 05 Test ID $ 21 to FF and the data in service $ 06 shall be provided. In the case of vehicle types that use a communication link in accordance with ISO 15765-4 ‘Road vehicles — Diagnostics on Controller Area Network (CAN) — Part 4: Requirements for emissions-related systems’, a comprehensive explanation for the data in service $ 06 Test ID $ 00 to FF, for each OBD monitor ID supported, shall be provided.

• 5.2.4. This information may be provided in the form of a table, as follows: Figure Ap1-1 Template OBD information list Component Diagnostic trouble code Monitoring strategy Fault detection criteria MI activation criteria Secondary parameters Preconditioning Demonstration test Default mode Catalyst P0420 Oxygen sensor 1 and 2 signals Difference between sensor 1 and sensor 2 signals 3rd cycle Engine speed, engine load, A/F mode, catalyst temperature Two Type I cycles Type I None

• 5.2.5. If an approval authority receives a request from any interested components, diagnostic tools or test equipment manufacturer for information on the OBD system of a vehicle:
• (a) the authority shall, within 30 days, ask the manufacturer of the vehicle in question to make available the information required in points 5.1 and 5.2;
• (b) the manufacturer shall submit this information to the approval authority within two months of the request;
• (c) the authority shall transmit this information to the other Member States’ approval authorities and the approval authority which granted the original type-approval shall attach this information to the vehicle type-approval information.

• 5.2.6. Information can be requested only for replacement or service components that are subject to type-approval or for components that form part of a system subject to type-approval.

• 5.2.7. The request for information shall identify the exact specification of the vehicle model for which the information is required. It shall confirm that the information is required for the development of replacement or retrofit parts or components or diagnostic tools or test equipment.

6. Information required for the manufacture of diagnostic tools

• 6.1. In order to facilitate the provision of generic diagnostic tools for multi-make repairers, vehicle manufacturers shall make available the information referred to in the points below through their repair information websites.

• 6.2. This information shall include all diagnostic tool functions and all the links to repair information and troubleshooting instructions. Access to this information may be subject to the payment of a reasonable fee.

6.2.1.   Communication Protocol Information

The following information shall be required, indexed against vehicle make, model and variant, or other workable definition such as VIN or vehicle and systems identification:

• 6.2.1.1. Any additional protocol information system necessary to enable complete diagnostics in addition to the standards prescribed in point 3.8 of Appendix 1 to Annex XII, including any additional hardware or software protocol information, parameter identification, transfer functions, ‘keep alive’ requirements, or error conditions;

• 6.2.1.2. Details of how to obtain and interpret all fault codes not in accordance with the standards prescribed in point 3.11;

• 6.2.1.3. A list of all available live data parameters, including scaling and access information;

• 6.2.1.4. A list of all available functional tests, including device activation or control and the means to implement them;

• 6.2.1.5. Details of how to obtain all component and status information, time stamps, pending DTC and freeze frames;

• 6.2.1.6. Resetting adaptive learning parameters, variant coding and replacement component setup, and customer preferences;

• 6.2.1.7. PCU/ECU identification and variant coding;

• 6.2.1.8. Details of how to reset service lights;

• 6.2.1.9. Location of standardised diagnostic connector and connector details;

• 6.2.1.10. Engine code identification.

6.2.2.   Test and diagnosis of OBD monitored components

The following information shall be required:

• 6.2.2.1. A description of tests to confirm its functionality, at the component or in the harness;

• 6.2.2.2. Test procedure including test parameters and component information;

• 6.2.2.3. Connection details including minimum and maximum input and output and driving and loading values;

• 6.2.2.4. Values expected under certain driving conditions including idling;

• 6.2.2.5. Electrical values for the component in its static and dynamic states;

• 6.2.2.6. Failure mode values for each of the above scenarios;

• 6.2.2.7. Failure mode diagnostic sequences including fault trees and guided fault elimination by diagnostics;

6.2.3.   Data required to perform the repair

The following information shall be required:

• 6.2.3.1. ECU and component initialisation (in the event of replacements being fitted);

• 6.2.3.2. Initialisation of new or replacement ECUs where relevant using pass-through (re)programming techniques.

Appendix 2

Minimum monitoring requirements for on-board diagnostic (OBD) system stages I and II

1. Subject matter

The following minimum monitoring requirements shall apply for OBD systems complying with the requirements of stages I and II ————— regarding electric circuit diagnostics.

2. Scope and monitoring requirements

If fitted, the following listed sensors and actuators shall be monitored for electric circuit malfunctions which may cause emissions to exceed the designated OBD emission thresholds laid down to in Section B of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 and/or lead to activation of a default mode that results in a significant reduction of propulsion torque.

2.1.

Table Ap2-1

Overview of devices (if fitted) to be monitored in OBD stage I and/or II

No	Device circuits		Circuit continuity	Circuit continuity	Circuit continuity	Circuit rationality	Circuit rationality	Circuit rationality	Basic monitoring requirement	Comment No
		Level, refer to 2.3	Circuit High	Circuit Low	Open Circuit	Out of Range	Performance/Plausibility	Signal stuck	Device not operational / Device not present
1	Control module (ECU/PCU) internal error	3							I&II	[^E0010]
Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)	Sensor (input to control units)
1	Accelerator (pedal/handle) position sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	I&II	I&II	I&II		[^E0011]
2	Barometric pressure sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II		II
3	Camshaft position sensor	3							I&II
4	Crankshaft position sensor	3							I&II
5	Engine coolant temperature sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
6	Exhaust control valve angle sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
7	Exhaust gas recirculation sensor	1	II	II	II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
8	Fuel rail pressure sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
9	Fuel rail temperature sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
10	Gear shift position sensor (potentiometer type)	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012] [^E0013]
11	Gear shift position sensor (switch type)	3					II		I&II	[^E0013]
12	Intake air temperature sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
13	Knock sensor (Non-resonance type)	3							I&II
14	Knock sensor (Resonance type)	3					I&II
15	Manifold absolute pressure sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
16	Mass air flow sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
17	Engine oil temperature sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
18	O2 sensor (binary/linear) signals	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
19	Fuel (high) pressure sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
20	Fuel storage temperature sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	II	II	II		[^E0012]
21	Throttle position sensor	1	I&II	I&II	I&II	I&II	I&II	I&II		[^E0011]
22	Vehicle speed sensor	3					II		I&II	[^E0013]
23	Wheel speed sensor	3					II		I&II	[^E0013]
Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)	Actuators (output control units)
1	Evaporative emission system purge control valve	2	II	I&II	II				I&II	[^E0014]
2	Exhaust control valve actuator (motor driven)	3					II		I&II
3	Exhaust gas recirculation control	3					II
4	Fuel injector	2		I&II					I&II	[^E0014]
5	Idle air control system	1	I&II	I&II	I&II		II		I&II	[^E0014]
6	Ignition coil primary control circuits	2		I&II					I&II	[^E0014]
7	O2 sensor heater	1	I&II	I&II	I&II		II		I&II	[^E0014]
8	Secondary air injection system	2	II	I&II	II				I&II	[^E0014]
9	Throttle by wire actuator	3		I&II					I&II	[^E0014]
(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.	(3)  Deleted.

Only in case of an activated default mode leading to a significantly reduced propulsion torque or if a throttle by wire system is fitted.

If redundant APS or redundant TPS are fitted, signal cross check(s) shall meet all circuit rationality requirements. If there is only one APS or TPS fitted, APS or TPS circuit rationality monitoring is not mandatory.

OBD stage II: two out of three of the circuit rationality malfunctions marked with ‘II’ shall be monitored in addition to circuit continuity monitoring.

only if used as input to ECU/PCU with relevance to environmental or functional safety performance.

Derogation allowed if manufacturer requests, level 3 instead, actuator signal present only without indication of symptom.

• 2.2. If there are more of the same device types fitted on the vehicle listed in the Table Ap2-1, those devices shall be separately monitored and reported in case of malfunctions. If a malfunction is marked with ‘I’ in Table Ap2-1 it shall mean that monitoring is mandatory for OBD stage I and if it is marked with ‘II’ it shall also be mandatory monitoring the malfunction for OBD stage II.

• 2.3. Sensors and actuators shall be associated with a specific diagnostic level set out below that defines which type of diagnostic monitoring shall be performed:

• 2.3.1. Level 1: sensor/actuator of which at least two circuit continuity symptoms can be detected and reported (i.e. short circuit to ground, short circuit to power and open circuit).

• 2.3.2. Level 2: sensor/actuator of which at least one circuit continuity symptom can be detected and reported (i.e. short circuit to ground, short circuit to power and open circuit).

• 2.3.3. Level 3: sensor/actuator of which at least one symptom can be detected, but not reported separately.

• 2.4. Two out of three symptoms in circuit continuity as well as in circuit rationality monitoring diagnostic may be combined, e.g.

• — circuit high or open and low circuit;

• — high and low or open circuit;

• — signal out of range or circuit performance and signal stuck;

• — circuit high and out of range high or circuit low and out of range low.

• 2.5. Exemptions regarding detection

Exemption from detecting certain electric circuit monitoring symptoms may be granted in the following cases if the manufacturer can demonstrate to the technical service to the satisfaction of the approval authority that:

• 2.5.1. a listed malfunction will not cause emissions to exceed the designated OBD emission threshold set out in Section B of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013; or

• 2.5.2. a listed malfunction will not cause a significant torque loss; or

• 2.5.3. the only feasible monitoring strategy would negatively affect vehicle functional safety or driveability in a significant way.

• 2.6. Exemption regarding OBD emission verification tests (type VIII)

At the request of the manufacturer and based on a technical justification to the satisfaction of the approval authority, certain OBD monitors listed in Table Ap2-1 may be exempted from type VIII emission verification tests referred to in Annex V(A) to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 under the condition that the manufacturer can demonstrate to the approval authority that:

• 2.6.1. the malfunction indicator fitted to the vehicle is activated when the malfunction listed in Table Ap2-1 occurs:
• 2.6.1.1. during the same key cycle and;
• 2.6.1.2. immediately after expiration of a limited time delay (300 s or less) in that same key cycle, or;

• 2.6.2. monitoring of some of the items listed in Table Ap2-1 is physically not possible and a deficiency has been granted for this incomplete monitor. The comprehensive, technical justification why such an OBD monitor cannot run shall be added to the information folder.

Appendix 3

In-use performance ratio

1. Introduction

• 1.1. This Appendix sets out the in-use performance ratio of a specific monitor M of the OBD systems (IUPR M) requirements for L3e, L5e-A, and L7e-A vehicles type approved in accordance with this Regulation.

2. Audit of IUPR M

• 2.1. At the request of the approval authority, the manufacturer shall report to the type-approval authority on warranty claims, warranty repair works and OBD faults recorded at servicing, according to a format agreed at type-approval. The information shall detail the frequency and substance of faults for emissions-related components and systems. The reports shall be filed at least once in the vehicle's production cycle, for each vehicle model for the duration of 5 years of age or the distance as laid down in Annex VII(A) to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, whichever is sooner.

• 2.2. Parameters defining IUPR family

For defining the IUPR family the OBD family parameters listed in Appendix 5 shall be used.

• 2.3. Information requirements

An audit of IUPR M will be conducted by the approval authority on the basis of information supplied by the manufacturer. Such information shall include in particular, the following:

• 2.3.1. The name and address of the manufacturer;

• 2.3.2. The name, address, telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address of his authorised representative within the areas covered by the manufacturer's information;

• 2.3.3. The model name(s) of the vehicles included in the manufacturer's information;

• 2.3.4. Where appropriate, the list of vehicle types covered within the manufacturer's information, i.e. for OBD and IUPR M, the OBD family in accordance with Appendix 5;

• 2.3.5. The vehicle identification number (VIN) codes applicable to these vehicle types within the family (VIN prefix);

• 2.3.6. The numbers of the type-approvals applicable to these vehicle types within the IUPR family, including, where applicable, the numbers of all extensions and field fixes/recalls (re-works);

• 2.3.7. Details of extensions, field fixes/recalls to those type-approvals for the vehicles covered within the manufacturer's information (if requested by the approval authority);

• 2.3.8. The period of time over which the manufacturer's information was collected;

• 2.3.9. The vehicle build period covered within the manufacturer's information (e.g. vehicles manufactured during the 2017 calendar year);

• 2.3.10. The manufacturer's IUPR M checking procedure, including:
• (a) vehicle location method;
• (b) vehicle selection and rejection criteria;
• (c) test types and procedures used for the programme;
• (d) the manufacturer's acceptance/rejection criteria for the family group;
• (e) geographical area(s) within which the manufacturer has collected information;
• (f) sample size and sampling plan used.

• 2.3.11. The results from the manufacturer's IUPR M procedure, including:
• (a) identification of the vehicles included in the programme (whether tested or not). The identification shall include the following:
• — model name;
• — vehicle identification number (VIN);
• — region of use (where known
• — date of manufacture.
• (b) the reason(s) for rejecting a vehicle from the sample:
• (c) test data, including the following:
• — date of test/download;
• — location of test/download;
• — all data, as required in accordance with point 4.1.6. of Appendix 1, downloaded from the vehicle;
• — for each monitor to be reported the in-use-performance ratio.

• 2.3.12. For IUPR M sampling, the following:
• (a) the average of in-use-performance ratios IUPR M of all selected vehicles for each monitor in accordance with point 4.1.4. of Appendix 1.
• (b) The percentage of selected vehicles, which have an IUPR M greater or equal to the minimum value applicable to the monitor in accordance with point 4.1.4. of Appendix 1.

3. Selection of vehicles for IUPR M

• 3.1. The manufacturer's sampling shall be drawn from at least two Member States with substantially different vehicle operating conditions (unless only made available on the market in one Member State). Factors such as differences in fuels, ambient conditions, average road speeds, and urban/highway driving split shall be taken into consideration in the selection of the Member States.

For IUPR M testing, only vehicles fulfilling the criteria of point 2.3 of Appendix 4 shall be included in the test sample.

• 3.2. In selecting the Member States for sampling vehicles, the manufacturer may select vehicles from a Member State that is considered to be particularly representative. In this case, the manufacturer shall demonstrate to the approval authority which granted the type approval that the selection is representative (e.g. by the market having the largest annual sales of a vehicle family within the Union). When a family requires more than one sample lot to be tested as defined in point 3.3, the vehicles in the second and third sample lots shall reflect different vehicle operating conditions from those selected for the first sample.

• 3.3. Sample size

• 3.3.1. The number of sample lots shall depend on the annual sales volume of an OBD family in the Union, as defined in the following table:

EU registrations — per calendar year (for tailpipe emissions tests) — of vehicles of an OBD family with IUPR in the sampling period	Number of sample lots
up to 100 000	1
100 001 to 200 000	2
above 200 000	3

• 3.3.2. For IUPR, the number of sample lots to be taken is described in the table in point 3.3.1. and is based on the number of vehicles of an IUPR family that are approved with IUPR

For the first sampling period of an IUPR family, all of the vehicle types in the family that are approved with IUPR shall be considered to be subject to sampling. For subsequent sampling periods, only vehicle types which have not been previously tested or are covered by emissions approvals that have been extended since the previous sampling period shall be considered to be subject to sampling.

For families consisting of fewer than 5 000 EU registrations that are subject to sampling within the sampling period the minimum number of vehicles in a sample lot is six. For all other families, the minimum number of vehicles in a sample lot to be sampled is fifteen.

Each sample lot shall adequately represent the sales pattern, i.e. at least high volume vehicle types (≥ 20 % of the family total) shall be represented.

Vehicles of small series productions with less than 1 000 vehicles per OBD family are exempted from minimum IUPR requirements as well as the requirement to demonstrate these to the type approval authority.

• 1. On the basis of the audit referred to in Section 2 the approval authority shall adopt one of the following decisions and actions:

• (a) decide that the IUPR family is satisfactory and not take any further action;

• (b) decide that the data provided by the manufacturer is insufficient to reach a decision and request additional information or test data from the manufacturer;

• (c) decide that based on data from the approval authority or Member State surveillance testing programmes, that information provided by the manufacturer is insufficient to reach a decision and request additional information or test data from the manufacturer;

• (d) decide that the outcome of the audit for the IUPR family is unsatisfactory and proceed to have such vehicle type or IUPR family tested in accordance with Appendix 1.

If according to the IUPR M audit the test criteria of point 3.2. of Appendix 4 are met for the vehicles in a sample lot, the type-approval authority must take the further action described in point (d) of this point.

• 4.1. The approval authority, in cooperation with the manufacturer, shall select a sample of vehicles with sufficient mileage whose use under normal conditions can be reasonably assured. The manufacturer shall be consulted on the choice of the vehicles in the sample and allowed to attend the confirmatory checks of the vehicles.

Appendix 4

Selecting criteria for vehicles with respect to in-use-performance ratios

1. Introduction

• 1.1. This Appendix sets out the criteria referred to in Section 4 of Appendix 1 to this annex regarding the selection of vehicles for testing and the procedures for IUPR M.

2. Selection criteria

The criteria for acceptance of a selected vehicle are defined for IUPR M in Sections 2.1. to 2.5.

• 2.1. The vehicle shall belong to a vehicle type that is type-approved under this Regulation and covered by a certificate of conformity in accordance with Implementing Regulation (EU) No 901/2014 ([^E0015]). For checking of IUPR M, the vehicle shall be approved to the OBD standard stage II or later. It shall be registered and have been used in the Union.

• 2.2. The vehicle shall have been in service for at least 3 000 km or 6 months, whichever is the later, and for no more than the durability mileages given for the relevant vehicles category mentioned in Annex VII(A) to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 or 5 years, whichever is the sooner.

• 2.3. For checking IUPR M, the test sample shall include only vehicles that:

• (a) have collected sufficient vehicle operation data for the monitor to be tested. For monitors required to meet the in-use monitor performance ratio and to track and report ratio data pursuant to point 4.6.1. of Appendix 1, sufficient vehicle operation data shall mean the denominator meets the criteria set forth below. The denominator, as defined in points 4.3 and 4.5 of Appendix 1, for the monitor to be tested must have a value equal to or greater than one of the following values:
• (i) 15 for evaporative system monitors, secondary air system monitors, and monitors utilising a denominator incremented in accordance with point 4.3.2. of Appendix 1 (e.g. cold start monitors, air conditioning system monitors, etc.); or
• (ii) 5 for particulate filter monitors and oxidation catalyst monitors utilising a denominator incremented in accordance with point 4.3.2. of Appendix 1; or
• (iii) 30 for catalyst, oxygen sensor, EGR, VVT, and all other component monitors.

• (b) have not been tampered with or equipped with add-on or modified parts that would cause the OBD system not to comply with the requirements of Annex XII.

• 2.3. If any service has taken place, it shall be to the manufacturer's recommended service intervals.

• 2.4. The vehicle shall exhibit no indications of abuse (e.g. racing, overloading, mis-fuelling, or other misuse), or other factors (e. g. tampering) that could affect emission performance. The fault code and mileage information stored in the computer shall be taken into account. A vehicle shall not be selected for testing if the information stored in the computer shows that the vehicle has operated after a fault code was stored and a relatively prompt repair was not carried out.

• 2.5. There shall have been no unauthorised major repair to the engine or major repair of the vehicle.

3. Plan of remedial measures

• 3.1. The type approval authority shall request the manufacturer to submit a plan of remedial measures to remedy the non-compliance when:

• 3.2. For IUPRM of a particular monitor M the following statistical conditions are met in a test sample, the size of which is determined in accordance with point 3.3.1. of Appendix 3.

For vehicles certified to a ratio of 0,1 in accordance with point 4.1.4. of Appendix 1, the data collected from the vehicles indicate for at least one monitor M in the test sample either that the test sample average in-use-performance ratio is less than 0,1 or that 66 per cent or more of the vehicles in the test sample have an in-use monitor performance ratio of less than 0,1.

• 3.3. The plan of remedial measures shall be filed with the type approval authority not later than 60 working days from the date of the notification referred to in point 3.1. The type approval authority shall within 30 working days declare its approval or disapproval of the plan of remedial measures. However, where the manufacturer can demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the competent type approval authority, that further time is required to investigate the non-compliance in order to submit a plan of remedial measures, an extension is granted.

• 3.4. The remedial measures shall apply to all vehicles likely to be affected by the same defect. The need to amend the type approval documents shall be assessed.

• 3.5. The manufacturer shall provide a copy of all communications related to the plan of remedial measures, and shall also maintain a record of the recall campaign, and supply regular status reports to the type approval authority.

• 3.6. The plan of remedial measures shall include the requirements specified in points 3.6.1. to 3.6.11. The manufacturer shall assign a unique identifying name or number to the plan of remedial measures.

• 3.6.1. A description of each vehicle type included in the plan of remedial measures.

• 3.6.2. A description of the specific modifications, alterations, repairs, corrections, adjustments, or other changes to be made to bring the vehicles into conformity including a brief summary of the data and technical studies which support the manufacturer's decision as to the particular measures to be taken to correct the non-conformity.

• 3.6.3. A description of the method by which the manufacturer informs the vehicle owners.

• 3.6.4. A description of the proper maintenance or use, if any, which the manufacturer stipulates as a condition of eligibility for repair under the plan of remedial measures, and an explanation of the manufacturer's reasons for imposing any such condition. No maintenance or use conditions may be imposed unless it is demonstrably related to the non-conformity and the remedial measures.

• 3.6.5. A description of the procedure to be followed by vehicle owners to obtain correction of the non-conformity. This shall include a date after which the remedial measures may be taken, the estimated time for the workshop to perform the repairs and where they can be done. The repair shall be done expediently, within a reasonable time after delivery of the vehicle.

• 3.6.6. A copy of the information transmitted to the vehicle owner.

• 3.6.7. A brief description of the system which the manufacturer uses to assure an adequate supply of component or systems for fulfilling the remedial action. It shall be indicated when there will be an adequate supply of components or systems to initiate the campaign.

• 3.6.8. A copy of all instructions to be sent to those persons who are to perform the repair.

• 3.6.9. A description of the impact of the proposed remedial measures on the emissions, fuel consumption, driveability, and safety of each vehicle type, covered by the plan of remedial measures with data, technical studies, etc. which support these conclusions.

• 3.6.10. Any other information, reports or data the type approval authority may reasonably determine is necessary to evaluate the plan of remedial measures.

• 3.6.11. Where the plan of remedial measures includes a recall, a description of the method for recording the repair shall be submitted to the type approval authority. If a label is used, an example of it shall be submitted.

• 3.7. The manufacturer may be required to conduct reasonably designed and necessary tests on components and vehicles incorporating a proposed change, repair, or modification to demonstrate the effectiveness of the change, repair, or modification.

• 3.8. The manufacturer is responsible for keeping a record of every vehicle recalled and repaired and the workshop which performed the repair. The type approval authority shall have access to the record on request for a period of 5 years from the implementation of the plan of remedial measures.

• 3.9. The repair and/or modification or addition of new equipment shall be recorded in a certificate supplied by the manufacturer to the vehicle owner.

Appendix 5

On-board diagnostics family

1. Introduction

• 1.1. This Appendix sets out the criteria to define a OBD family as referred to in Appendices 3 and 4

2. Selection criteria

Vehicle types for which at least the parameters described below are identical are considered to belong to the same engine/emission control/OBD system combination.

• 2.2 Engine:

• — combustion process (i.e. positive-ignition/compression-ignition, two stroke/four stroke/rotary),

• — method of engine fuelling (i.e. single or multi-point fuel injection),

• — fuel type (i.e. petrol, diesel, flex fuel petrol/ethanol, flex fuel diesel/biodiesel, NG/biomethane, LPG, bi fuel petrol/NG/biomethane, bi fuel petrol/LPG),

• 2.3 Emission control system:

• — type of catalytic converter (i. e. oxidation, three-way, heated catalyst, SCR, other),

• — type of particulate trap,

• — secondary air injection (i.e. with or without),

• — exhaust gas recirculation (i.e. with or without),

• 2.4 OBD parts and functioning:

• — the methods of OBD functional monitoring, malfunction detection and malfunction indication to the vehicle driver.

ANNEX XIII

Requirements applying to passenger handholds and footrests

1. General requirements

• 1.1.‘Type of vehicle with regard to handholds and footrests’ means a category of vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as shape, size, material and mounting characteristics of the passenger handhold and footrests of the vehicle.

• 1.2.For vehicles designed to carry one or more passengers but not equipped with safety belts for those passengers, the seating positions in question shall be fitted with a passenger handhold system consisting of either a strap or one or two hand-grip bars.

• 1.2.1.Handhold straps shall be fitted close to the relevant seating position in such a way that they can be easily used by the passenger. They shall be symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the seating position. The strap and its attachments shall be able to withstand, without snapping, a vertical traction force of 2 000 N applied statically to the centre of its surface at a maximum pressure of 2,0 MPa.

• 1.2.2.Single hand-grip bars shall be fitted close to the relevant seating position in such a way that they can be easily used by the passenger. They shall be symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the seating position. The hand-grip bar and its attachments shall be able to withstand, without snapping, a vertical traction force of 2 000 N applied statically to the centre of its surface at a maximum pressure of 2,0 MPa.

• 1.2.3.Two hand-grip bars shall be fitted close to the relevant seating position in such a way that they can be easily used by the passenger. They shall be symmetrical with respect to each other and the longitudinal median plane of the seating position. They shall each be able to withstand simultaneously, without snapping, a vertical traction force of 1 000 N applied statically to the centre of their surface at a maximum pressure of 1,0 MPa.

• 1.2.4.Design features of the vehicle which could be confused with the designated passenger handhold system shall not be permitted, unless they also meet the requirements of points 1.2.1 to 1.2.3.

• 1.3.All seating positions of the vehicle shall be fitted either with designated footrests or a floor or floor boards on which both of the rider’s, driver’s or passenger’s feet can rest.

• 1.3.1.The vehicle’s floor, each designated floor board and each designated footrest shall be capable of withstanding, without any resulting permanent deformation which is harmful to its function, a vertical compression force of 1 700 N, applied statically to any point on the floor or floor board or 15 mm from the end of the footrest, at a maximum pressure of 2,0 MPa.

• 1.3.2.The space provided by each designated footrest, including the space on the floor or floor board, shall be sufficient for a foot at least 300 mm long and at least 110 mm wide to be placed safely without hampering the vehicle operator’s feet. Footrests shall be located so that no direct contact between the foot/leg and rotating parts (e.g. tyres) of the vehicle is possible when in use.

• 1.3.3.Design features of the vehicle which could be confused with the designated footrests, floor boards or vehicle floor shall not be permitted, unless they also meet the requirements of points 1.3.1 to 1.3.2.

• 1.3.4.Pedals enabling the vehicle to be propelled by the rider’s muscular leg power are deemed to meet the requirements of points 1.3 to 1.3.3.

• 1.4.The maximum pressures mentioned in points 1.2.1., 1.2.2., 1.2.3. and 1.3.1. may be exceeded during testing upon agreement with the vehicle manufacturer.

ANNEX XIV

Requirements applying to the registration plate space

1. General requirements

• 1.1. ‘Type of vehicle with regard to registration plate space’ means a category of vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as the dimensions of the space for mounting and fixing the registration plate(s), the location of that space and the design characteristics of the surface for mounting and fixing the front registration plate, if applicable;

• 1.2. Vehicles shall be equipped with a space for mounting and fixing rear registration plates.

• 1.3. Vehicles of categories L6e and L7e shall in addition be equipped with a space for mounting and fixing front registration plates.

• 1.3.1.Front registration plates are deemed unsuitable for vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e, which shall therefore not be equipped with such spaces.

• 1.4. Shape and dimensions of the space for mounting a registration plate

• 1.4.1.The space for mounting shall comprise of a rectangular area with the following minimum dimensions:

For vehicles of categories L1e, L2e and L6e:

either

width: 100 mm

height: 175 mm

or

width: 145 mm

height: 125 mm.

For vehicles of categories L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e:

width: 280 mm

height: 200 mm.

• 1.5. Mounting and fixing of a rear registration plate on vehicles of categories L1e, L2e, L3e, L4e and L5e

• 1.5.1.The space for mounting a rear registration plate shall be such that, after being fixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, the plate shall have the following characteristics:

• 1.5.1.1. Location of the space for mounting a rear registration plate:
• 1.5.1.1.1. The space for mounting a registration plate at the rear of the vehicle shall be such that the plate can be positioned entirely within the two parallel longitudinal vertical planes passing through the outer extremities of the vehicle, not taking into account any rear-view mirrors. The space itself shall not form the widest point of the vehicle.

• 1.5.1.2. The plate shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

• 1.5.1.3. Position of the plate in relation to the vertical transverse plane:
• 1.5.1.3.1. The plate may be inclined to the vertical at not less than – 15° and not more than 30°.

• 1.5.1.4. Height of the plate from the ground surface:
• 1.5.1.4.1. The lower edge of the plate shall not be less than 0,20 m above the ground or less than the radius of any rear wheel above the ground if that is less than 0,20 m.
• 1.5.1.4.2. The height of the upper edge of the plate from the ground shall not exceed 1,50 m.

• 1.5.1.5. Geometrical visibility:
• 1.5.1.5.1. The plate shall be visible in the whole space within the following four planes:
• — the two vertical planes touching the two lateral edges of the plate and forming an angle measured outwards to the left and to the right of the plate of 30° in relation to the longitudinal plane, parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, passing through the centre of the plate;
• — the plane touching the upper edge of the plate and forming an angle measured upwards of 15° to the horizontal;
• — the horizontal plane through the lower edge of the plate.
• 1.5.1.5.2. No structural element, even when fully transparent, shall be located in the space described above.

• 1.6. Mounting and fixing of front and rear registration plates on vehicles of categories L6e and L7e

• 1.6.1.The space for mounting a front or rear registration plate shall comprise a flat or virtually flat rectangular surface. A ‘virtually flat surface’ means a surface of solid material, which may also consist of patterned mesh or grille, with a radius of curvature of at least 5 000 mm;

• 1.6.2.The surface to be covered by a front or rear registration plate may have holes or gaps; however, these shall be no more than 40 mm wide without having to take into account their length (i.e. a gap or slot shall never be wider than 40 mm, but may be longer than 40 mm).

• 1.6.3.The surface to be covered by a front or rear registration plate may have protrusions, provided that these do not project more than 5,0 mm from the nominal surface. Patches of very soft materials, such as foam or felt to stop the registration plate vibrating, shall not be taken into account.

• 1.6.4.The space for mounting a front or rear registration plate shall be such that, after being fixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions, the plate shall have the following characteristics:

• 1.6.4.1. Location of the space for mounting a front or rear registration plate:
• 1.6.4.1.1. The space for mounting a registration plate at the front of the vehicle shall be such that the plate can be positioned entirely within the two parallel longitudinal vertical planes passing through the outer extremities of the vehicle, not taking into account any rear-view mirrors. The space itself shall not form the widest point of the vehicle.
• 1.6.4.1.2. The space for mounting a registration plate at the rear of the vehicle shall be such that the plate can be positioned entirely within the two parallel longitudinal vertical planes passing through the outer extremities of the vehicle, not taking into account any rear-view mirrors. The space itself shall not form the widest point of the vehicle.
• 1.6.4.1.3. Front and rear registration plates shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.

• 1.6.4.2. Position of the front and rear plate in relation to the vertical transverse plane:
• 1.6.4.2.1. The plate may be inclined to the vertical at not less than – 15° and not more than 30°.

• 1.6.4.3. Height of the front and rear plate from the ground surface:
• 1.6.4.3.1. The lower edge of the plate shall not be less than 0,20 m above the ground or less than the radius of any front wheel above the ground if that is less than 0,20 m.
• 1.6.4.3.2. The height of the upper edge of the plate from the ground surface shall not exceed 1,50 m.

• 1.6.4.4. Geometrical visibility:
• 1.6.4.4.1. Front and rear plates shall be visible in the whole space within the following four planes:
• — the two vertical planes touching the two lateral edges of the plate and forming an angle measured outwards to the left and to the right of the plate of 30° to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle,
• — the plane touching the upper edge of the plate and forming an angle measured upwards of 15° to the horizontal,
• — the horizontal plane through the lower edge of the plate. The front plate shall be visible towards the front of the vehicle and the rear plate shall be visible towards the rear of the vehicle.
• 1.6.4.4.2. No structural element, even when fully transparent, shall be located within the space described above.

• 1.6.4.5. The gap between the edges of a mounted and fixed registration plate and the actual surface of the plate space shall not exceed 5,0 mm along the complete outline of the plate.
• 1.6.4.5.1. This gap may be exceeded if measured at a hole or gap in the surface of patterned mesh or between parallel bars in a surface of a grille.

• 1.7. Other requirements

• 1.7.1.The presence of a registration plate may not form the basis or part of the basis for attaching, mounting or clipping any other vehicle part, component or device onto it (e.g. lighting device supports may not be fixed onto a registration plate).

• 1.7.2.No vehicle part, component or device shall become loosened or detached as a result of removal of a registration plate.

• 1.7.3.When a registration plate is fixed, its visibility shall not be reduced under normal conditions of use due, in particular, to vibrations and dynamic forces such as driving wind forces.

• 1.7.4.It is not permitted to provide a registration plate mounting location which can easily pivot up and/or down beyond the angles laid down in points 1.5.1.3.1 and 1.6.4.2.1 in relation to the vehicle structure in normal driving conditions (i.e. with doors or access panels closed).

• 1.7.5.If the vehicle has the tendency to lean, a mounted registration plate of the applicable maximum dimensions which is not located in the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle shall not be the limiting factor of the maximum lean angle.

2. Test procedure

2.1.   Determination of the vertical inclination and height of the registration plate from the ground surface

• 2.1.1.The vehicle shall be placed on a horizontal surface and, if necessary, kept in an upright position. The steered wheel(s) shall be pointed in the straight-ahead position and the vehicle’s mass shall be adjusted to that of the mass in running order, as declared by the manufacturer, before the measurements are made.

• 2.1.2.If the vehicle is equipped with hydro-pneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension or another device which can be adjusted in relation to load, it shall be tested with the suspension or device in the normal running condition, as specified by the manufacturer.

• 2.1.3.If the primary and visible side of the registration plate is facing downwards, the inclination measurement shall be expressed as a negative (minus) angle.

• 2.2. Projections shall be measured perpendicularly and directly towards the nominal surface to be covered by the registration plate.

• 2.3. The gap between the edge of the mounted and fixed registration plate and the surface shall be measured perpendicularly and directly towards the actual surface to be covered by the plate.

• 2.4. The registration plate used for checking conformity shall be of the following size:

• — for vehicles of categories L1e, L2e and L6e: one of the two sizes in point 1.4.1, as specified by the vehicle manufacturer;

• — for vehicles of categories L3e, L4e, L5e and L7e: the size in point 1.4.1.

ANNEX XV

Requirements applying to access to repair and maintenance information

1. Purpose

• 1.1.Access to information means the availability of all OBD and repair and maintenance information required for the inspection, diagnosis, servicing or repair of the vehicle.

• 1.1.When applying for EU type-approval or national type-approval, the manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with proof of compliance with this Regulation as regards access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and to the information referred to in point 4.3).

2. Compliance with access to vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information requirements in the type-approval procedure

• 2.1.Approval authorities shall grant type-approval only after receiving from the manufacturer a Certificate on Access to Vehicle OBD and Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information.

• 2.2.The Certificate on Access to Vehicle OBD and Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information shall serve as the proof of compliance with Chapter XV of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.3.The Certificate on Access to Vehicle OBD and Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information shall be drawn up in accordance with the model referred to in Article 57(8) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.4.The manufacturer shall ensure compliance with the technical requirements in Appendix 1 regarding access to vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information.

3. Fees for access

• 3.1.In addition to time-based access under Article 59 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, manufacturers may offer transaction-based access for which fees are charged per transaction and not based on the time for which access is granted. Where manufacturers offer both time-based and transaction-based access systems, independent repairers shall choose a preferred access system, either time-based or transaction-based.

4. Service parts, diagnostic tools and test equipment

• 4.1.In the context of Article 57(6) of Regulation 168/2013, the manufacturer shall make the following information available to interested parties on the basis of individual arrangements to which the principle of Article 59 of Regulation 168/2013 apply and to provide contact details on its website:

• 4.1.1. relevant information to enable the development of replacement components which are critical to the correct functioning of the OBD system;

• 4.1.2. information to enable the development of generic diagnostic tools.

• 4.2.For the purposes of point 4.1.1 the development of replacement components shall not be restricted by any of the following:

• 4.2.1. the unavailability of pertinent information;

• 4.2.2. the technical requirements relating to malfunction indication strategies if the OBD thresholds are exceeded or if the OBD system is unable to fulfil the basic OBD monitoring requirements of this Regulation;

• 4.2.3. specific modifications to the handling of OBD information to deal independently with vehicle operation on liquid or gaseous fuels;

• 4.2.4. the type-approval of gaseous-fuelled vehicles that contain a limited number of minor deficiencies.

• 4.3.For the purposes of point 4.1.2, where manufacturers use diagnostic and test tools in accordance with ISO 22900-2:2009 regarding Modular Vehicle Communication Interface (MVCI) and ISO 22901-2:2011 on Open Diagnostic Data Exchange (‘ODX’) in their franchised networks, the ODX files shall be accessible to independent operators via the manufacturer’s website.

5. Multi-stage type-approval

• 5.1.In the case of multi-stage type-approval, as defined in Article 25 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, the final manufacturer shall be responsible for providing access to vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information regarding its own manufacturing stage(s) and the link to the previous stage(s).

• 5.2.In addition, the final manufacturer shall on its website provide independent operators with the following information:

• 5.2.1. website address of the manufacturer(s) responsible for the previous stage(s);

• 5.2.2. name and address of all the manufacturers responsible for the previous stage(s);

• 5.2.3. type-approval number(s) of the previous stage(s);

• 5.2.4. the engine number.

• 5.3.Manufacturers responsible for a particular stage or stages of type-approval shall be responsible for providing through their website access to vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance information regarding the stage(s) of type-approval for which they are responsible and the link to the previous stage(s).

• 5.4.The manufacturer responsible for a particular stage or stages of type-approval shall provide the following information to the manufacturer responsible for the next stage:

• 5.4.1. the Certificate of Conformity relating to the stage(s) for which it is responsible;

• 5.4.2. the Certificate on Access to Vehicle OBD and Vehicle Repair and Maintenance Information, including its appendices;

• 5.4.3. the type-approval number corresponding to the stage(s) for which it is responsible;

• 5.4.4. the documents referred to in points 5.4.1, 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 as provided by the manufacturer(s) involved in the previous stage(s).

• 5.5.Each manufacturer shall authorise the manufacturer responsible for the next stage to pass the documents to the manufacturers responsible for subsequent and final stages.

• 5.6.In addition, on a contractual basis, the manufacturer responsible for a particular stage or stages of type-approval shall:

• 5.6.1. provide the manufacturer responsible for the next stage with access to OBD and repair and maintenance information and interface information corresponding to the particular stage(s) for which it is responsible;