Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 134/2014 of 16 December 2013 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to environmental and propulsion unit performance requirements and amending Annex V thereof Text with EEA relevance

• 3.2.2. For each type of replacement exhaust system or components thereof for which approval is requested, the component type-approval application shall be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate, and by the following particulars:

• 3.2.2.1. description, in respect of the characteristics referred to in point 1.1, of the types of moped for which the system(s) or component(s) is/are intended; the numbers or symbols specific to the type of engine and moped shall be given;

- 3.2.2.2. description of the replacement exhaust system stating the relative position of each of its components, together with the fitting instructions;

• 3.2.2.3. drawings of each component to facilitate location and identification, and statement of materials used. These drawings shall also indicate the intended location of the mandatory component type-approval mark.

- 3.2.3. The applicant shall submit, at the request of the technical service:

• 3.2.3.1. two samples of the system for which component type-approval is requested;

• 3.2.3.2. an exhaust system conforming to that originally fitted to the moped when the information document provided was issued;

• 3.2.3.3. a moped representative of the type to which the replacement exhaust system is to be fitted, supplied in such a condition that, when fitted with a silencer of the same type as was originally fitted, it meets the requirements of either of the following two sections:
• 3.2.3.3.1. if the moped referred to in point 3.2.3.3 is of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Appendix:
• 3.2.3.3.1.1. during the test in motion, it may not exceed by more than 1,0 dB(A) the applicable limit value laid down in point 2.1.1;
• 3.2.3.3.1.2. during the stationary test, it may not exceed by more than 3,0 dB(A) the value recorded when the moped was granted type-approval, as indicated on the manufacturer’s data plate;
• 3.2.3.3.2. if the moped referred to in point 3.2.3.3 is not of a type which has been granted type-approval in accordance with the requirements of this Appendix, it may not exceed by more than 1,0 dB(A) the limit value applicable to that type of moped when it first entered into service;

- 3.2.3.4. a separate engine identical to that fitted to the moped referred in point 3.2.3.3., should the approval authorities deem it necessary.

3.3.   Specifications

3.3.1.   General specifications

The design, construction and mounting of the silencer shall be such that:

- 3.3.1.1. the moped complies with the requirements of this Appendix under normal conditions of use, and in particular regardless of any vibrations to which it may be subjected;

• 3.3.1.2. it displays reasonable resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed, with due regard to the normal conditions of use of the moped;

• 3.3.1.3. the ground clearance under the silencer as originally fitted, and the angle at which the moped can lean over, are not reduced;

• 3.3.1.4. the surface does not reach unduly high temperatures;

• 3.3.1.5. its outline has no projections or sharp edges;

• 3.3.1.6. shock absorbers and suspension have adequate clearance;

- 3.3.1.7. adequate safety clearance is provided for pipes;

- 3.3.1.8. it is impact-resistant in a way that is compatible with clearly defined maintenance and installation requirements.

3.3.2.   Specifications for noise levels

• 3.3.2.1.The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust systems or components thereof shall be tested using the methods described in points 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 and 2.1.5. Where a replacement exhaust system or component thereof is fitted to the moped referred to in point 3.2.3.3, the noise-level values obtained shall not exceed those measured, in accordance with point 3.2.3.3, using the same moped fitted with the original equipment silencer both during the test in motion and during the stationary test.

3.3.3.   Testing of moped performance

• 3.3.3.1.The replacement silencer shall be such as to ensure that the moped’s performance is comparable with that achieved with the original silencer or component thereof.

• 3.3.3.2.The replacement silencer shall be compared with an originally-fitted silencer, also in new condition, fitted to the moped referred to in point 3.2.3.3.

• 3.3.3.3.This test shall be carried out by measuring the engine power curve. The net maximum power and the top speed measurements with the replacement silencer shall not deviate by more than ± 5 % from those taken under the same conditions with the original equipment silencer.

3.3.4.   Additional provisions relating to silencers as separate technical units containing fibrous material

Fibrous material may not be used in the construction of such silencers unless the requirements set out in point 2.3.1 of this Annex are met.

3.3.5.   Evaluation of the pollutant emissions of vehicles equipped with a replacement silencer system

The vehicle referred to in point 3.2.3.3, equipped with a silencer of the type for which approval is requested, shall undergo the applicable environmental tests according to the type-approval of the vehicle.

The requirements regarding environmental performance shall be deemed to be fulfilled if the results meet the limit values according to the type-approval of the vehicle as set out in Annex VI(D) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 3.3.6. The marking of non-original exhaust systems or components thereof shall comply with the provisions of Article 39 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

3.4.   Component type-approval

• 3.4.1. Upon completion of the tests laid down in this Appendix, the approval authority shall issue a certificate corresponding to the model referred to in Article 30 (2) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. The component type-approval number shall be preceded by a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which issued or refused the component type-approval. The exhaust system which is granted system type-approval shall conform to the provisions of Annexes II and VI.

Appendix 2

Sound level test requirements for motorcycles (categories L3e and L4e)

For the purposes of this Appendix:

• 1.1. ‘type of motorcycle as regards its sound level and exhaust system’ means motorcycles which do not differ in such essential respects as the following:
• 1.1.1. type of engine (two- or four-stroke, reciprocating piston engine or rotary-piston engine, number and capacity of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection systems, arrangement of valves, net maximum power and corresponding speed). The cubic capacity of rotary-piston engines shall deemed to be double the volume of the chamber;
• 1.1.2. Drive train, in particular the number and ratios of the gears of the transmission and final ratio;
• 1.1.3. number, type and arrangement of exhaust systems;

• 1.2. ‘exhaust system’ or ‘silencer’ means a complete set of components necessary to limit the noise caused by a motorcycle engine and its exhaust;
• 1.2.1. ‘original exhaust system or silencer’ means a system of the type fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be that first fitted or a replacement;
• 1.2.2. ‘non-original exhaust system or silencer’ means a system of a type other than that fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be used only as a replacement exhaust system or silencer;

• 1.3. ‘exhaust systems of differing types’ means systems which are fundamentally different in one of the following ways:
• 1.3.1. systems comprising components bearing different factory markings or trademarks;
• 1.3.2. systems comprising any component made of materials of different characteristics or comprising components which are of a different shape or size;
• 1.3.3. systems in which the operating principles of at least one component are different;
• 1.3.4. systems comprising components in different combinations;

• 1.4. ‘component of an exhaust system’ means one of the individual components which together form the exhaust system (e.g. exhaust pipe work, the silencer proper) and the air intake system (air filter), if any. If the engine has to be equipped with an air intake system (air filter or intake noise absorber) in order to comply with permissible noise levels, the filter or the absorber shall be treated as components having the same importance as the exhaust system.

2.1.   Noise of the motorcycle in motion (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle during component type-approval)

• 2.1.1. Limits: see Part D of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.1.2. Measuring instruments

2.1.2.1.   Acoustic measurements

The apparatus used for measuring the sound level shall be a precision sound-level meter of the type described in International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) publication 179 Precision sound-level meters, second edition. Measurements shall be taken using the ‘fast’ response and the ‘A’ weighting also described in that publication.

At the beginning and end of each series of measurements, the sound-level meter shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, using an appropriate noise source (e.g. piston phone).

2.1.2.2.   Speed measurements

Engine speed and motorcycle speed on the test track shall be determined to within ± 3 %.

• 2.1.3. Conditions of measurement

2.1.3.1.   Condition of the motorcycle

During the measurements, the motorcycle shall be in running order.

Before the measurements are taken, the motorcycle shall be brought to normal operating temperature. If the motorcycle is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system shall not be interfered with during the noise measurements. For motorcycles with more than one driven wheel, only the drive provided for normal road operation may be used. Where a motorcycle is fitted with a sidecar, this shall be removed for the purposes of the test.

2.1.3.2.   Test site

The test site shall consist of a central acceleration section surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The acceleration section shall be flat; its surface shall be dry and such that surface noise remains low.

On the test site, the variations in the free sound field between the sound source at the centre of the acceleration section and the microphone shall not exceed 1,0 dB. This condition will be deemed to be met if there are no large objects which reflect sound, such as fences, rocks, bridges or buildings, within 50 m of the centre of the acceleration section. The surface covering of the test site shall conform to the requirements of Appendix 4.

The microphone shall not be obstructed in any way which could affect the sound field, and no person may stand between the microphone and the sound source. The observer carrying out the measurements shall so position himself as not to affect the readings of the measuring instrument.

2.1.3.3.   Miscellaneous

Measurements shall not be taken in poor atmospheric conditions. It shall be ensured that the results are not affected by gusts of wind.

For measurements, the A-weighted sound level of noise sources other than those of the vehicle to be tested and of wind effects shall be at least 10,0 dB(A) below the sound level produced by the vehicle. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the microphone’s sensitivity and directional characteristics.

If the difference between the ambient noise and the measured noise is between 10,0 and 16,0 dB(A), the test results shall be calculated by subtracting the appropriate correction from the readings on the sound-level meter, as in the following graph:

Figure Ap2-1

Difference between ambient noise and noise to be measured

Image omitted; see official source

• 2.1.4. Method of measurement

2.1.4.1.   Nature and number of measurements

The maximum noise level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) shall be measured as the motorcycle travels between lines AA′ and BB′ (Figure Ap2-2). The measurement will be invalid if an abnormal discrepancy is recorded between the peak value and the general sound level.

At least two measurements shall be taken on each side of the motorcycle.

2.1.4.2.   Positioning of the microphone

The microphone shall be positioned 7.5 m ± 0.2 m from the reference line CC′ (Figure Ap2-2) of the track and 1.2 m ± 0.1 m above ground level.

2.1.4.3.   Conditions of operation

The motorcycle shall approach line AA′ at an initial steady speed as specified in points 2.1.4.3.1 and 2.1.4.3.2. When the front of the motorcycle reaches line AA′, the throttle shall be fully opened as quickly as practically possible and kept in that position until the rear of the motorcycle reaches line BB′; the throttle shall then be returned as quickly as possible to the idle position.

For all measurements, the motorcycle shall be ridden in a straight line over the acceleration section keeping the longitudinal median plane of the motorcycle as close as possible to line CC′.

2.1.4.3.1.   Motorcycles with non-automatic gearboxes

2.1.4.3.1.1.   Approach speed

The motorcycle shall approach line AA′ at a steady speed

• — of 50 km/h, or

• — corresponding to an engine speed equal to 75 % of the engine speed at which maximum net power is developed,

whichever is the lower.

2.1.4.3.1.2.   Selection of gear ratio

• 2.1.4.3.1.2.1. Motorcycles fitted with a gearbox with four ratios or fewer, whatever the cylinder capacity of their engines, shall be tested only in second gear.

• 2.1.4.3.1.2.2. Motorcycles fitted with engines with a cylinder capacity not exceeding 175 cm³ and a gearbox with five ratios or more shall be tested only in third gear.

• 2.1.4.3.1.2.3. Motorcycles fitted with engines having a cylinder capacity of more than 175 cm³ and a gearbox with five ratios or more shall be tested once in second gear and once in third gear. The result used shall be the average of the two tests.

• 2.1.4.3.1.2.4. If, during the test carried out in second gear (see points 2.1.4.3.1.2.1 and 2.1.4.3.1.2.3), the engine speed on the approach to the line marking the end of the test track exceeds 100 % of the engine speed at which maximum net power is developed, the test shall be carried out in third gear and the noise level measured shall be the only one recorded as the test result.

2.1.4.3.2   Motorcycles with automatic gearboxes

2.1.4.3.2.1.   Motorcycles without a manual selector

2.1.4.3.2.1.1.   Approach speed

The motorcycle shall approach line AA′ at steady speeds of 30, 40 and 50 km/h or 75 % of the maximum road speed if that value is lower. The condition giving the highest sound level is chosen.

2.1.4.3.2.2.   Motorcycles equipped with a manual selector with X forward drive positions

2.1.4.3.2.2.1.   Approach speed

The motorcycle shall approach line AA′ at a steady speed of:

• — less than 50 km/h, the engine rotation speed being equal to 75 % of the engine speed at which maximum net power is developed, or

• — 50 km/h, the engine rotation speed being less than 75 % of the engine speed at which maximum net power is developed.

If, in the test at a steady speed of 50 km/h, the gears change down to first, the approach speed of the motorcycle may be increased to a maximum of 60 km/h to avoid the downshift.

2.1.4.3.2.2.2.   Position of the manual selector

If the motorcycle is equipped with a manual selector with ‘X’ forward drive positions, the test shall be carried out with the selector in the highest position; the voluntary device for changing down (e.g. kick-down) shall not be used. If an automatic downshift takes place after line AA′, the test shall be started again using the second-highest position, or the third-highest position if necessary, in order to find the highest position of the selector at which the test can be performed without an automatic downshift (without using the kick-down).

• 2.1.4.4. For hybrid L-category vehicles, the tests shall be performed twice under the following conditions:

• (a) condition A: batteries shall be at their maximum state of charge; if more than one ‘hybrid mode’ is available, the most electric mode shall be selected for the test;

- (b) condition B: batteries shall be at their minimum state of charge; if more than one ‘hybrid mode’ is available, the most fuel-consuming mode shall be selected for the test.

• 2.1.5. Results (test report)

• 2.1.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the information folder according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall indicate any circumstances and factors affecting the results of the measurements.

• 2.1.5.2. Readings taken shall be rounded to the nearest decibel.

If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up.

Only measurements which vary by 2,0 dB(A) or less in two consecutive tests on the same side of the motorcycle may be used for the purpose of issuing the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.1.5.3. To take account of inaccuracies, 1,0 dB(A) shall be deducted from each value obtained in accordance with point 2.1.5.2.

• 2.1.5.4. If the average of the four measurements does not exceed the maximum permissible level for the vehicle category in question, the limit laid down in Part D of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 will be deemed as being complied with. This average value shall be taken as the result of the test.

• 2.1.5.5. If the average of four Condition A results and the average of four Condition B results do not exceed the permissible level for the vehicle category in question, the limits laid down in Part D of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall be deemed as being complied with.

The highest average value shall be taken as the result of the test.

2.2.   Noise from stationary motorcycle (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle in use)

2.2.1.   Sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the motorcycle

In order to facilitate subsequent noise tests on motorcycles in use, the sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust-system outlet shall be measured in accordance with the following requirements, the result being entered in the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

2.2.2.   Measuring instruments

A precision sound-level meter as defined in point 2.1.2.1 shall be used.

2.2.3.   Conditions of measurement

2.2.3.1.   Condition of the motorcycle

Before the measurements are taken, the motorcycle engine shall be brought to normal operating temperature. If the motorcycle is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system shall not be interfered with during the noise measurements.

During the measurements, the gearbox shall be in neutral gear. If it is impossible to disconnect the drive train, the driving wheel of the motorcycle shall be allowed to rotate freely, e.g. by placing the vehicle on its centre stand.

2.2.3.2.   Test site (Figure Ap2-2)

Any area in which there are no significant acoustic disturbances may be used as a test site. Flat surfaces which are covered with concrete, asphalt or some other hard material and are highly reflective are suitable; surfaces consisting of earth which has been tamped down shall not be used. The test site shall be in the form of a rectangle the sides of which are at least 3 m from the outer edge of the motorcycle (handlebars excluded). There shall be no significant obstacles, e.g. no persons other than the rider and the observer may stand within this rectangle.

The motorcycle shall be positioned within the rectangle so that the microphone used for measurement is at least 1 m from any kerb.

2.2.3.3.   Miscellaneous

Instrument readings caused by ambient noise and wind effects shall be at least 10,0 dB(A) lower than the sound levels to be measured. A suitable windshield may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity of the microphone.

2.2.4.   Method of measurement

2.2.4.1.   Nature and number of measurements

The maximum sound level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) shall be measured during the period of operation laid down in point 2.2.4.3.

At least three measurements shall be taken at each measuring point.

2.2.4.2.   Positioning of the microphone (Figure Ap2-3)

The microphone shall be positioned level with the exhaust outlet or 0,2 m above the surface of the track, whichever is the higher. The microphone diaphragm shall face the exhaust outlet at a distance of 0,5 m from it. The axis of maximum sensitivity of the microphone shall be parallel to the surface of the track at an angle of 45 ±10° to the vertical plane of the direction of the exhaust emissions.

In relation to this vertical plane, the microphone shall be positioned on the side on which there is the maximum possible distance between the microphone and the outline of the motorcycle (handlebars excluded).

If the exhaust system has more than one outlet at centres less than 0.3 m apart, the microphone shall face the outlet which is nearest the motorcycle (handlebars excluded) or the outlet which is highest above the surface of the track. If the centres of the outlets are more than 0.3 m apart, separate measurements shall be taken for each of them, the highest figure recorded being taken as the test value.

2.2.4.3.   Operating conditions

The engine speed shall be held steady at:

• — ((S)/(2)) if S is more than 5 000 rpm, or

• — ((3S)/(4)), if S is not more than 5 000 rpm,

where S is the engine speed at which the maximum net power is developed.

When a constant engine speed is reached, the throttle shall be returned swiftly to the idle position. The sound level shall be measured during an operating cycle consisting of a brief period of constant engine speed and throughout the deceleration period, the maximum sound-level meter reading being taken as the test value.

2.2.5.   Results (test report)

• 2.2.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall indicate all relevant data and particularly those used in measuring the noise of the stationary motorcycle.

• 2.2.5.2. Values shall be read off the measuring instrument and rounded to the nearest decibel.

If the figure following the decimal point is between 0 and 4, the total is rounded down and if between 5 and 9, it is rounded up.

Only measurements which vary by no more than 2,0 dB(A) in three consecutive tests will be used.

• 2.2.5.3. The highest of the three measurements will be taken as the test result.

Figure Ap2-2

Test for vehicle in motion

Image omitted; see official source

Figure Ap2-3

Test for stationary vehicle

Image omitted; see official source

2.3.   Original exhaust system (silencer)

2.3.1.   Requirements for silencers containing absorbent fibrous materials

• 2.3.1.1. Absorbent fibrous material shall be asbestos-free and may be used in the construction of silencers only if it is held securely in place throughout the service life of the silencer and it meets the requirements of point 2.3.1.2 or 2.3.1.3.

• 2.3.1.2. After removal of the fibrous material, the sound level shall comply with the requirements of point 2.1.1.

• 2.3.1.3. The absorbent fibrous material may not be placed in those parts of the silencer through which the exhaust gases pass, and shall comply with the following requirements:

• 2.3.1.3.1. the material shall be heated at a temperature of 650 °C ± 5 °C for four hours in a furnace without reduction in the average length, diameter or bulk density of the fibre;

• 2.3.1.3.2. after being heated at 650 °C ± 5 °C for one hour in a furnace, at least 98 % of the material shall be retained in a sieve of nominal mesh size 250 μm complying with technical standard ISO 3310-1:2000 when tested in accordance with ISO standard 2559:2011;

• 2.3.1.3.3. the material shall not lose more than 10.5 % of its weight after being soaked for 24 hours at 90 °C ± 5 °C in a synthetic condensate of the following composition:

• — 1 N hydrobromic acid (HBr): 10 ml

• — 1 N sulphuric acid (H2SO4): 10 ml

• — Distilled water to make up to 1 000 ml.

Note: The material shall be washed in distilled water and dried for one hour at 105 °C before weighing.

• 2.3.1.4. Before the system is tested in accordance with point 2.1, it shall be put in normal working order by one of the following methods:

2.3.1.4.1.   Conditioning by continuous road operation

• 2.3.1.4.1.1. Table Ap2-1 shows the minimum distance to be travelled for each category of motorcycle during conditioning:

Table Ap2-1

Minimum distance to be travelled during conditioning

L3e / L4e category vehicle (motorcycle) by engine capacity (cm3)	Distance (km)
1. ≤ 80	4 000
2. > 80 ≤ 175	6 000
3. > 175	8 000

• 2.3.1.4.1.2 50 ± 10 % of this conditioning cycle shall consist of town driving and the remainder of long-distance runs at high speed; the continuous road cycle may be replaced by a corresponding test-track programme.

• 2.3.1.4.1.3. The two types of driving shall be alternated at least six times.

• 2.3.1.4.1.4. The complete test programme shall include at least ten breaks lasting at least three hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.

2.3.1.4.2.   Conditioning by pulsation

• 2.3.1.4.2.1. The exhaust system or components thereof shall be fitted to the motorcycle or to the engine.

In the first case, the motorcycle shall be mounted on a roller dynamometer. In the second case, the engine shall be mounted on a test bench.

The test apparatus, as shown in detail in Figure Ap2-4, is fitted at the outlet of the exhaust system. Any other apparatus giving equivalent results is acceptable.

• 2.3.1.4.2.2. The test equipment shall be adjusted so that the flow of exhaust gases is alternately interrupted and restored 2 500 times by a rapid-action valve.

• 2.3.1.4.2.3 The valve shall open when the exhaust gas back-pressure, measured at least 100 mm downstream of the intake flange, reaches a value of between 0.35 and 0.40 bar. Should the engine characteristics prevent this, the valve shall open when the gas back-pressure reaches a level equivalent to 90 % of that which can be measured before the engine stops. It shall close when this pressure differs by no more than 10 % from its stabilised value with the valve open.

• 2.3.1.4.2.4. The time-lapse relay shall be set for the period in which exhaust gases are produced, calculated on the basis of the requirements of point 2.3.1.4.2.3.

• 2.3.1.4.2.5. Engine speed shall be 75 % of the speed (S) at which the engine develops maximum power.

• 2.3.1.4.2.6. The power indicated by the dynamometer shall be 50 % of the full-throttle power measured at 75 % of engine speed (S).

• 2.3.1.4.2.7. Any drainage holes shall be closed off during the test.

• 2.3.1.4.2.8. The entire test shall be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, a cooling period shall be allowed after each hour.

2.3.1.4.3.   Conditioning on a test bench

- 2.3.1.4.3.1. The exhaust system shall be fitted to an engine representative of the type fitted to the motorcycle for which the system is designed and mounted on a test bench.

• 2.3.1.4.3.2. Conditioning consists of the specified number of test bench cycles for the category of motorcycle for which the exhaust system was designed. Table Ap2-2 shows the number of cycles for each category of motorcycle:

Table Ap2-2

Number of test-bench cycles for conditioning

Category of motorcycle by cylinder capacity (cm3)	Number of cycles
1. ≤ 80	6
2. > 80 ≤ 175	9
3. > 175	12

• 2.3.1.4.3.3. Each test-bench cycle shall be followed by a break of at least six hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.

• 2.3.1.4.3.4. Each test-bench cycle consists of six phases. The engine conditions and duration are as follows for each phase:

Table Ap2-3

Test cycle phases for bench testing

Phase	Conditions	Duration of phase (minutes)	Duration of phase (minutes)
Phase	Conditions	Engines with displacement less than 175 cm3	Engines with displacement of 175 cm3 or more
1	Idling	6	6
2	25 % load at 75 % S	40	50
3	50 % load at 75 % S	40	50
4	100 % load at 75 % S	30	10
5	50 % load at 100 % S	12	12
6	25 % load at 100 % S	22	22
Total time:	Total time:	2 hours 30 mins	2 hours 30 mins

- 2.3.1.4.3.5. During this conditioning procedure, at the request of the manufacturer, the engine and the silencer may be cooled so that the temperature recorded at a point not more than 100 mm from the exhaust gas outlet does not exceed that measured when the motorcycle is running at 110 km/h or 75 % S in top gear. The engine or motorcycle speeds shall be determined with an accuracy of ± 3 %.

Figure Ap2-4

Test apparatus for conditioning by pulsation

Image omitted; see official source

- 1.Inlet flange or sleeve for connection to the rear of the test exhaust system.

• 2.Hand-operated regulating valve.

• 3.Compensating reservoir with a maximum capacity of 40 l and a filling time of not less than one second.

• 4.Pressure switch with an operating range of 0,05 to 2,5 bar.

• 5.Time delay switch.

• 6.Pulse counter.

• 7.Quick-acting valve, such as exhaust brake valve 60 mm in diameter, operated by a pneumatic cylinder with an output of 120 N at 4 bar. The response time, for opening and closing, must not exceed 0,5 second.

• 8.Exhaust gas evaluation.

• 9.Flexible hose.

• 10.Pressure gauge

2.3.2.   Diagram and markings

- 2.3.2.1. A diagram and a cross-sectional drawing indicating the dimensions of the exhaust system shall be annexed to the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.3.2.2. All original silencers shall bear at least the following:

- — the ‘e’ mark followed by the reference to the country which granted the type-approval;

• — the vehicle manufacturer’s name or trademark; and

- — the make and identifying part number.

This reference shall be legible, indelible and visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.

• 2.3.2.3. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems shall be marked legibly with the words ‘original part’ and the make and type references linked with the ‘e’ mark and also the reference to the country of origin.

2.3.3.   Intake silencer

If the engine intake has to be fitted with an air filter or intake silencer in order to comply with the permissible sound level, the filter or silencer shall be regarded as part of the silencer and the requirements of point 2.3 also apply to them.

This section applies to the component type-approval, as technical units, of exhaust systems or components thereof intended to be fitted to one or more particular types of motorcycle as non-original replacement parts.

3.1.   Definition

• 3.1.1. ‘Non-original replacement exhaust system or components thereof’ means any exhaust system component as defined in point 1.2 intended to be fitted to a motorcycle to replace that of the type fitted to the motorcycle when the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 was issued.

3.2.   Application for component type-approval

• 3.2.1. Applications for component type-approval for replacement exhaust systems or components thereof as separate technical units shall be submitted by the manufacturer of the system or by his authorised representative.

- 3.2.2. For each type of replacement exhaust system or components thereof for which approval is requested, the component type-approval application shall be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate, and by the following particulars:

• 3.2.2.1. description, in respect of the characteristics referred to in section 1.1 of this Appendix, of the types of motorcycle for which the system(s) or component(s) is/are intended; the numbers or symbols specific to the type of engine and motorcycle shall be given;

• 3.2.2.2. description of the replacement exhaust system stating the relative position of each of its components, together with the fitting instructions;

- 3.2.2.3. drawings of each component to facilitate location and identification, and statement of materials used. These drawings shall also indicate the intended location of the mandatory component type-approval mark.

• 3.2.3. The applicant shall submit, at the request of the technical service:

• 3.2.3.1. two samples of the system for which component type-approval is requested;

• 3.2.3.2. an exhaust system conforming to that originally fitted to the motorcycle when the information document according to the template referred to in Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 was issued;

• 3.2.3.3. a motorcycle representative of the type to which the replacement exhaust system is to be fitted, supplied in such a condition that, when fitted with a silencer of the same type as was originally fitted, it meets the requirements of either of the following two sections:
• 3.2.3.3.1. If the motorcycle referred to in point 3.2.3.3 is of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Appendix:
• — during the test in motion, it may not exceed by more than 1,0 dB(A) the limit value laid down in point 2.1.1;
• — during the stationary test, it may not exceed by more than 3,0 dB(A) the value recorded when the motorcycle was granted type-approval and indicated on the manufacturer’s data plate.
• 3.2.3.3.2. If the motorcycle referred to in point 3.2.3.3 is not of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Regulation, it may not exceed by more than 1,0 dB(A) the limit value applicable to that type of motorcycle when it first entered into service;

• 3.2.3.4. a separate engine identical to that fitted to the motorcycle referred to in point 3.2.3.3., should the approval authorities deem it necessary.

3.3.   Markings and inscriptions

• 3.3.1. Non-original exhaust systems or components thereof shall be marked in accordance with the requirements laid down in Article 39 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

3.4.   Component type-approval

- 3.4.1. Upon completion of the tests laid down in this Appendix, the approval authority shall issue a certificate corresponding to the model referred to in Article 30(2) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. The component type-approval number shall be preceded by a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which issued or refused the component type-approval. The exhaust system which is granted system type-approval shall conform to the provisions of Annexes II and VI.

3.5.   Specifications

3.5.1.   General specifications

The design, construction and mounting of the silencer shall be such that:

• 3.5.1.1. the motorcycle complies with the requirements of this Appendix under normal conditions of use, and in particular regardless of any vibrations to which it may be subjected;

• 3.5.1.2. it displays reasonable resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed, with due regard to the normal conditions of use of the motorcycle;

• 3.5.1.3. the ground clearance under the silencer as originally fitted, and the angle at which the motorcycle can lean over, are not reduced;

• 3.5.1.4. the surface does not reach unduly high temperatures;

- 3.5.1.5. its outline has no projections or sharp edges;

- 3.5.1.6. shock absorbers and suspension have adequate clearance;

• 3.5.1.7. adequate safety clearance is provided for pipes;

• 3.5.1.8. it is impact-resistant in a way that is compatible with clearly-defined maintenance and installation requirements.

3.5.2.   Specifications for sound levels

• 3.5.2.1.The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust systems or components thereof shall be tested using the methods described in points 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4 and 2.1.5.

• With a replacement exhaust system or component thereof fitted to the motorcycle referred to in point 3.2.3.3, the noise-level values obtained shall not exceed the values measured, in accordance with point 3.2.3.3, using the same motorcycle fitted with the original equipment silencer both during the test in motion and during the stationary test.

3.5.3.   Testing of motorcycle performance

• 3.5.3.1.The replacement silencer shall be such as to ensure that the motorcycle’s performance is comparable with that achieved with the original silencer or component thereof.

• 3.5.3.2.The replacement silencer shall be compared with an originally-fitted silencer, also in new condition, fitted to the motorcycle referred to in point 3.2.3.3.

• 3.5.3.3.This test is carried out by measuring the engine power curve. The net maximum power and the top speed measurements with the replacement silencer shall not deviate by more than ±5 % from those taken under the same conditions with the original equipment silencer.

• 3.5.4. Additional provisions relating to silencers as separate technical units containing fibrous material

Fibrous material may not be used in the construction of such silencers unless the requirements set out in point 2.3.1 are met.

• 3.5.5. Evaluation of the pollutant emissions of vehicles equipped with a replacement silencer system

The vehicle referred to in point 3.2.3.3, equipped with a silencer of the type for which approval is requested, shall undergo a type I, II and V test under the conditions described in the corresponding Annexes II, III and VI according to the type-approval of the vehicle.

The requirements regarding emissions shall be deemed to be fulfilled if the results are within the limit values according to the type-approval of the vehicle.

Appendix 3

Sound level test requirements for three-wheel mopeds, tricycles and quadricycles (categories L2e, L5e, L6e and L7e)

For the purposes of this Appendix:

• 1.1. ‘type of three-wheel moped, tricycle or quadricycle as regards its sound level and exhaust system’ means three-wheel mopeds and tricycles which do not differ in such essential respects as the following:
• 1.1.1. bodywork shape or materials (in particular the engine compartment and its soundproofing);
• 1.1.2. vehicle length and width;
• 1.1.3. type of engine (spark ignition or compression ignition, two- or four-stroke, reciprocating piston or rotary piston, number and capacity of cylinders, number and type of carburettors or injection systems, arrangement of valves, net maximum power and corresponding speed); the cubic capacity of rotary-piston engines shall deemed to be double the swept volume;
• 1.1.4. drive train, in particular the number and ratios of the gears of the transmission and the final ratio;
• 1.1.5. number, type and arrangement of exhaust systems;

• 1.2. ‘exhaust system’ or ‘silencer’ means a complete set of components necessary to limit the noise caused by the engine and exhaust of a three-wheel moped, tricycle or quadricycle;
• 1.2.1. ‘original exhaust system or silencer’ means a system of the type fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be that first fitted or a replacement;
• 1.2.2. ‘non-original exhaust system or silencer’ means a system of a type other than that fitted to the vehicle at the time of type-approval or extension of type-approval. It may be used only as a replacement exhaust system or silencer;

• 1.3. ‘exhaust systems of differing types’ means systems which are fundamentally different in one of the following ways:
• 1.3.1. systems comprising components bearing different factory markings or trademarks;
• 1.3.2. systems comprising any component made of materials of different characteristics or comprising components which are of a different shape or size;
• 1.3.3. systems in which the operating principles of at least one component are different;
• 1.3.4. systems comprising components in different combinations;

• 1.4. ‘component of an exhaust system’ means one of the individual components which together form the exhaust system (such as exhaust pipe work, the silencer proper) and the air intake system (air filter) if any. If the engine has to be equipped with an air intake system (air filter or intake noise absorber) in order to comply with maximum permissible sound levels, the filter or the absorber must be treated as a component having the same importance as the exhaust system.

2.1.   Noise of the three-wheel moped, tricycle or quadricycle (measuring conditions and method for testing of the vehicle during component type-approval)

• 2.1.1. The vehicle, its engine and its exhaust system shall be designed, constructed and assembled so that the vehicle complies with the requirements of this Appendix under normal conditions of use, regardless of any vibrations to which they may be subjected.

• 2.1.2. The exhaust system shall be designed, constructed and mounted to resist the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed.

2.2.   Specifications for noise levels

• 2.2.1. Limits: see Part D of Annex VI to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.2.2. Measuring instruments

• 2.2.2.1. The apparatus used for measuring the noise level shall be a precision sound-level meter of the type described in International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) publication No 179 Precision sound-level meters, second edition. Measurements shall be carried out using the ‘fast’ response of the sound-level meter and the ‘A’ weighting also described in that publication.

At the beginning and end of each series of measurements, the sound-level meter shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, using an appropriate noise source (e.g. a piston phone).

• 2.2.2.2. Speed measurements.

Engine speed and vehicle speed on the test track shall be determined to within ±3 %.

• 2.2.3. Conditions of measurement

2.2.3.1.   Condition of the vehicle

During the measurements, the vehicle shall be in running order (including coolant, oils, fuel, tools, spare wheel and rider). Before the measurements are taken, the vehicle shall be brought to the normal operating temperature.

• 2.2.3.1.1. The measurements shall be taken with the vehicles unladen and without trailer or semitrailer.

2.2.3.2.   Test site

The test site shall consist of a central acceleration section surrounded by a substantially flat test area. The acceleration section shall be flat; its surface shall be dry and such that surface noise remains low.

On the test site, the variations in the free sound field between the sound source at the centre of the acceleration section and the microphone shall not exceed ±1.0 dB(A). This condition will be deemed to be met if there are no large objects which reflect sound, such as fences, rocks, bridges or buildings, within 50 m of the centre of the acceleration section. The surface covering of the test track shall conform to the requirements of Appendix 4.

The microphone shall not be obstructed in any way which could affect the sound field, and no person may stand between the microphone and the sound source. The observer carrying out the measurements shall so position himself as not to affect the readings of the measuring instrument.

2.2.3.3.   Miscellaneous

Measurements shall not be taken in poor atmospheric conditions. It shall be ensured that the results are not affected by gusts of wind.

For measurements, the A-weighted noise level of noise sources other than those of the vehicle to be tested and of wind effects shall be at least 10,0 dB(A) below the noise level produced by the vehicle. A suitable windscreen may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity and directional characteristics of the microphone.

It the difference between the ambient noise and the measured noise is between 10,0 and 16,0 dB(A), the test results shall be calculated by subtracting the appropriate correction from the readings on the sound-level meter, as in the following graph:

Figure Ap3-1

Difference between ambient noise and noise level to be measured

Image omitted; see official source

• 2.2.4. Method of measurement

2.2.4.1.   Nature and number of measurements

The maximum noise level expressed in A-weighted decibels (dB(A)) shall be measured as the vehicle travels between lines AA′ and BB′ (Figure Ap3-2). The measurement will be invalid if an abnormal discrepancy between the peak value and the general noise level is recorded.

At least two measurements shall be taken on each side of the vehicle.

2.2.4.2.   Positioning of the microphone

The microphone shall be positioned 7,5 m ± 0,2 m from the reference line CC′ (Figure Ap3-2) of the track and 1,2 m ± 0,1 m above ground level.

2.2.4.3.   Conditions of operation

The vehicle shall approach line AA′ at an initial steady speed as specified in point 2.2.4.4. When the front of the vehicle reaches line AA′, the throttle shall be fully opened as quickly as practically possible and kept in that position until the rear of the vehicle reaches line BB′; the throttle shall then be returned as quickly as possible to the idle position.

For all measurements, the vehicle shall be ridden in a straight line over the acceleration section keeping the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle as close as possible to line CC′.

• 2.2.4.3.1. In the case of articulated vehicles consisting of two inseparable components and regarded as constituting one single vehicle, the semitrailer shall not be taken into account with regard to the crossing of line BB′.

2.2.4.4.   Determining the steady speed to be adopted

2.2.4.4.1.   Vehicle without gearbox

The vehicle shall approach line AA′ at a steady speed corresponding either to a speed of rotation of the engine equal to three-quarters of that at which the engine develops its maximum power, or to three-quarters of the maximum speed of rotation of the engine permitted by the governor, or 50 km/h, whichever is slowest.

2.2.4.4.2.   Vehicle with manual gearbox

If the vehicle is fitted with a gearbox with two, three or four ratios, second gear shall be used. If the gearbox has more than four ratios, third gear shall be used. If the engine then reaches a speed of rotation beyond its maximum power rating, instead of second or third gear the next higher gear to allow line BB′ on the test track to be reached without exceeding this rating shall be engaged. Overdrive shall not be selected. If the vehicle has a dual-ratio final drive, the ratio selected shall be that corresponding to the highest speed of the vehicle. The vehicle shall approach line AA′ at a steady speed corresponding either to three-quarters of the engine rotation speed at which the engine develops its maximum power, or to three-quarters of the maximum engine rotation speed permitted by the governor, or 50 km/h, whichever is slowest.

2.2.4.4.3.   Vehicle with automatic gearbox

The vehicle shall approach line AA′ at a steady speed of 50 km/h or three-quarters of its maximum speed, whichever is slower. Where several forward drive positions are available, that producing the highest average acceleration of the vehicle between lines AA′ and BB′ shall be selected. The selector position that is used only for braking, manoeuvring or similar slow movements shall not be used.

• 2.2.4.5. For hybrid vehicle, the tests shall be performed twice under the following conditions:

• (a) condition A: batteries shall be at their maximum state of charge; if more than one ‘hybrid mode’ is available, the most electric hybrid mode shall be selected for the test;

- (b) condition B: batteries shall be at their minimum state of charge; if more than one ‘hybrid mode’ is available, the most fuel-consuming hybrid mode shall be selected for the test.

• 2.2.5. Results (test report)

• 2.2.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall indicate any circumstances and influences affecting the results of the measurements.

• 2.2.5.2. The values taken shall be rounded to the nearest decibel.

If the figure following the decimal point is 5, the total is rounded up.

Only measurements which vary by 2.0 dB(A) or less in two consecutive tests on the same side of the vehicle may be used for the purpose of issuing the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.2.5.3. To take account of inaccuracies, 1,0 dB(A) shall be deducted from each value obtained in accordance with point 2.2.5.2.

• 2.2.5.4. If the average of the four measurements does not exceed the maximum permissible level for the category of vehicle in question, the limit laid down in point 2.2.1 will be deemed as being complied with. This average value will constitute the result of the test.

• 2.2.5.5. If the average of four results of Condition A and if this average of four results of Condition B do not exceed the maximum permissible level for the category to which the hybrid vehicle being tested belongs, the limits laid down in point 2.2.1 shall be deemed as being complied with.

The highest average value shall be taken as the result of the test.

2.3.   Measurement of the noise of the stationary vehicle (for testing the vehicle in use)

2.3.1.   Sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle

In order to facilitate subsequent noise tests on vehicles in use, the sound-pressure level in the immediate vicinity of the exhaust-system outlet (silencer) shall also be measured in accordance with the following requirements, the measurement being entered in the test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the document according to the template referred to in Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

2.3.2.   Measuring instruments

A precision sound-level meter conforming in accuracy to point 2.2.2.1 shall be used.

2.3.3.   Conditions of measurement

2.3.3.1.   Condition of the vehicle

Before the measurements are taken, the vehicle engine shall be brought to normal operating temperature. If the vehicle is fitted with fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system shall not be interfered with during the noise measurements.

During the measurements, the gearbox shall be in neutral gear. If it is impossible to disconnect the drive train, the driving wheels of the moped or tricycle shall be allowed to rotate freely, e.g. by placing the vehicle on its centre stand or on rollers.

2.3.3.2.   Test site (see Figure Ap3-3)

Any area in which there are no significant acoustic disturbances may be used as a test site. Flat surfaces which are covered with concrete, asphalt or some other hard material and are highly reflective are suitable; surfaces consisting of earth which has been tamped down shall not be used. The test site shall be in the form of a rectangle the sides of which are at least 3 m from the outer edge of the vehicle (handlebars excluded). There shall be no significant obstacles, e.g. no persons other than the rider and the observer may stand within this rectangle.

The vehicle shall be positioned within the rectangle so that the microphone used for measurement is at least 1 m from any kerb.

2.3.3.3.   Miscellaneous

Instrument readings caused by ambient noise and wind effects shall be at least 10.0 dB(A) lower than the sound levels to be measured. A suitable windshield may be fitted to the microphone provided that account is taken of its effect on the sensitivity of the microphone.

2.3.4.   Method of measurement

2.3.4.1.   Nature and number of measurements

The maximum noise level expressed in 1-weighted decibels (dB(A)) shall be measured during the period of operation laid down in point 2.3.4.3.

At least three measurements shall be taken at each measurement point.

2.3.4.2.   Positioning of the microphone (Figure Ap3-3)

The microphone shall be positioned level with the exhaust outlet or 0,2 m above the surface of the track, whichever is higher. The microphone diaphragm shall face towards the exhaust outlet at a distance of 0,5 m from it. The axis of maximum sensitivity of the microphone shall be parallel to the surface of the track at an angle of 45° ± 10° to the vertical plane of the direction of the exhaust emissions.

In relation to this vertical plane, the microphone shall be located on the side on which there is the maximum possible distance between the microphone and the outline of the vehicle (handlebars excluded).

If the exhaust system has more than one outlet at centres less than 0,3 m apart, the microphone shall face the outlet which is nearest the vehicle (handlebars excluded) or the outlet which is highest above the surface of the track. If the centres of the outlets are more than 0,3 m apart, separate measurements shall be taken for each of them, the highest figure recorded being taken as the test value.

2.3.4.3.   Operating conditions

The engine speed shall be held steady at:

• — ((S)/(2)) if S is more than 5 000 rpm,

• — ((3S)/(4)) if S is not more than 5 000 rpm,

where S is the engine speed at which maximum power is developed.

When a constant engine speed is reached, the throttle shall be returned swiftly to the idle position. The noise level shall be measured during an operating cycle consisting of a brief period of constant engine speed and throughout the deceleration period, the maximum meter reading being taken as the test value.

2.3.5.   Results (test report)

• 2.3.5.1. The test report drawn up for the purpose of issuing the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 shall indicate all relevant data and particularly those used in measuring the noise of the stationary vehicle.

• 2.3.5.2. Values read off the measuring instrument shall be rounded to the nearest decibel.

If the figure following the decimal point is 5, the total is rounded up.

Only measurements which vary by no more than 2,0 dB(A) in three consecutive tests will be used.

• 2.3.5.3. The highest of the three measurements shall be taken as the test result.

Figure Ap3-2

Positions for testing the vehicle in motion

Image omitted; see official source

Figure Ap3-3

Positions for testing the stationary vehicle

Image omitted; see official source

2.4.   Original exhaust system (silencer)

2.4.1.   Requirements for silencers containing absorbent fibrous materials

• 2.4.1.1. Absorbent fibrous material shall be asbestos-free and may be used in the construction of silencers only if it is held securely in place throughout the service life of the silencer and it meets the requirements of either point 2.4.1.2, 2.4.1.3 or 2.4.1.4.

• 2.4.1.2. After removal of the fibrous material, the sound level shall comply with the requirements of point 2.2.1.

• 2.4.1.3. The absorbent fibrous material may not be placed in those parts of the silencer through which the exhaust gases pass and shall comply with the following requirements:

• 2.4.1.3.1. The material shall be heated at a temperature of 650 °C ± 5 °C for four hours in a furnace without reduction in the average length, diameter or bulk density of the fibre.

• 2.4.1.3.2. After being heated at 923,2 ± 5 K (650 ± 5 °C) for one hour in a furnace, at least 98 % of the material shall be retained in a sieve of nominal mesh size 250 μm complying with technical standard ISO 3310-1:2000 when tested in accordance with ISO standard 2559:2011.

• 2.4.1.3.3. The material shall lose no more than 10,5 % of its weight after being soaked for 24 hours at 362,2 ± 5 K (90 ± 5 °C) in a synthetic condensate of the following composition:

• — 1 N hydrobromic acid (HBr): 10 ml

• — 1 N sulphuric acid (H2SO4): 10 ml

• — distilled water to make up to 1 000 ml.

Note: The material shall be washed in distilled water and dried for one hour at 105 °C before weighing.

• 2.4.1.4. Before the system is tested it shall be put in normal working order by one of the following methods:

2.4.1.4.1.   Conditioning by continuous road operation

• 2.4.1.4.1.1.The table Ap3-1 shows the minimum distance to be travelled for each category of vehicle during conditioning:

Table Ap3-1

Minimum distance to be travelled during conditioning

Category of vehicle by cylinder capacity (cm3)	Distance (km)
1. ≤ 250	4 000
2. > 250 ≤ 500	6 000
3. > 500	8 000

• 2.4.1.4.1.2.50 % ± 10 % of this conditioning cycle shall consist of town driving and the remainder of long-distance runs at high speed; the continuous road cycle may be replaced by a corresponding test-track programme.

• 2.4.1.4.1.3.The two types of driving shall be alternated at least six times.

• 2.4.1.4.1.4.The complete test programme shall include at least ten breaks lasting at least three hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.

2.4.1.4.2.   Conditioning by pulsation

• 2.4.1.4.2.1.The exhaust system or components thereof shall be fitted to the vehicle or to the engine.

• In the first case, the vehicle shall be mounted on a roller dynamometer. In the second case, the engine shall be mounted on a test bench.

• The test apparatus, as shown in detail in Figure Ap3-4, is fitted at the outlet of the exhaust system. Any other apparatus giving equivalent results is acceptable.

• 2.4.1.4.2.2.The test equipment shall be adjusted so that the flow of exhaust gases is alternately interrupted and restored 2 500 times by a rapid-action valve.

• 2.4.1.4.2.3.The valve shall open when the exhaust gas back-pressure, measured at least 100 mm downstream of the intake flange, reaches a value of between 0,35 and 0,40 bar. Should the engine characteristics prevent this, the valve shall open when the gas back-pressure reaches a level equivalent to 90 % of the maximum that can be measured before the engine stops. It shall close when this pressure differs by no more than 10 % from its stabilised value with the valve open.

• 2.4.1.4.2.4.The time-lapse relay shall be set for the period in which exhaust gases are produced, calculated on the basis of the requirements of point 2.4.1.4.2.3.

• 2.4.1.4.2.5.Engine speed shall be 75 % of the speed (S) at which the engine develops maximum power.

• 2.4.1.4.2.6.The power indicated by the dynamometer shall be 50 % of the full-throttle power measured at 75 % of engine speed (S).

• 2.4.1.4.2.7.Any drainage holes shall be closed off during the test.

• 2.4.1.4.2.8.The entire test shall be completed within 48 hours. If necessary, a cooling period shall be allowed after each hour.

2.4.1.4.3.   Conditioning on a test bench

- 2.4.1.4.3.1.The exhaust system shall be fitted to an engine representative of the type fitted to the vehicle for which the system is designed and mounted on a test bench.

• 2.4.1.4.3.2.Conditioning consists of the specified number of test-bench cycles for the category of vehicle for which the exhaust system was designed. The table shows the number of cycles for each category of vehicle.

Table Ap3-2

Number of conditioning cycles

Category of vehicle by cylinder capacity (cm3)	Number of cycles
1. ≤ 250	6
2. > 250 ≤ 500	9
3. > 500	12

• 2.4.1.4.3.3.Each test-bench cycle shall be followed by a break of at least six hours in order to reproduce the effects of cooling and condensation.

• 2.4.1.4.3.4.Each test-bench cycle consists of six phases. The engine conditions and duration are as follows for each phase:

Table Ap3-3

Duration of test phases

Phase	Conditions	Duration of phase (minutes)	Duration of phase (minutes)
1	Idling	6	6
2	25 % load at 75 % S	40	50
3	50 % load at 75 % S	40	50
4	100 % load at 75 % S	30	10
5	50 % load at 100 % S	12	12
6	25 % load at 100 % S	22	22
Total time:	Total time:	2 hrs. 30 mins	2 hrs. 30 mins

- 2.4.1.4.3.5.During this conditioning procedure, at the request of the manufacturer, the engine and the silencer may be cooled so that the temperature recorded at a point not more than 100 mm from the exhaust gas outlet does not exceed that measured when the vehicle is running at 110 km/h or 75 % S in top gear. The engine or vehicle speeds shall be determined with an accuracy of ± 3 %.

Figure Ap3-4

Test apparatus for conditioning by pulsation

Image omitted; see official source

- 1.Inlet flange or sleeve for connection to the rear of the test exhaust system.

• 2.Hand-operated regulating valve.

• 3.Compensating reservoir with a maximum capacity of 40 l and a filling time of not less than one second.

• 4.Pressure switch with an operating range of 0,05 to 2,5 bar.

• 5.Time delay switch.

• 6.Pulse counter.

• 7.Quick-acting valve, such as exhaust brake valve 60 mm in diameter, operated by a pneumatic cylinder with an output of 120 N at 4 bar. The response time, for opening and closing, must not exceed 0,5 second.

• 8.Exhaust gas evaluation.

• 9.Flexible hose.

• 10.Pressure gauge.

2.4.2.   Diagram and markings

- 2.4.2.1. A diagram and a cross-sectional drawing indicating the dimensions of the exhaust system shall be attached to the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

• 2.4.2.2. All original silencers shall bear at least the following:

- — the ‘e’ mark followed by the reference to the country which granted the type-approval;

• — the vehicle manufacturer’s name or trademark; and

- — the make and identifying part number.

This reference shall be legible, indelible and visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.

• 2.4.2.3. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems shall be marked legibly with the words ‘original part’ and the make and type references linked with the ‘e’ mark and also the reference to the country of origin.

2.4.3.   Intake silencer

If the engine intake has to be fitted with an air filter or intake silencer in order to comply with the permissible noise level, the filter or silencer shall be regarded as part of the silencer and the requirements of point 2.4 will also apply to them.

This section applies to the component type-approval, as separate technical units, of exhaust systems or components thereof intended to be fitted to one or more particular types of three-wheel mopeds and tricycles as non-original replacement parts.

3.1.   Definition

• 3.1.1. ‘Non-original replacement exhaust system or components thereof’ means any exhaust system component as defined in point 1.2 intended to be fitted to a three- moped, tricycle or quadricycle to replace that of the type fitted to the three-wheel moped, tricycle or quadricycle when the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 was issued.

3.2.   Application for component type-approval

• 3.2.1. Applications for component type-approval for replacement exhaust systems or components thereof as separate technical units shall be submitted by the manufacturer of the system or by his authorised representative.

• 3.2.2. For each type of replacement exhaust system or components thereof for which approval is requested, the application for component type-approval shall be accompanied by the following documents in triplicate, and by the following particulars:

• 3.2.2.1. description, in respect of the characteristics referred to in point 1.1, of the types of vehicle for which the systems or components are intended; the numbers or symbols specific to the type of engine and vehicle shall be given;

• 3.2.2.2. description of the replacement exhaust system stating the relative positions of each of its components, together with the fitting instructions;

• 3.2.2.3. drawings of each component to facilitate location and identification, and statement of materials used. These drawings shall also indicate the intended location of the mandatory component type-approval mark.

• 3.2.3. At the request of the technical service, the applicant shall submit:

• 3.2.3.1. two samples of the system for which component type-approval is requested;

• 3.2.3.2. an exhaust system conforming to that originally fitted to the vehicle when the information document according to the template referred to in Article 27(4) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 was issued;

• 3.2.3.3. a vehicle representative of the type to which the replacement exhaust system is to be fitted, supplied in such a condition that, when fitted with a silencer of the same type as was originally fitted, it meets the requirements of either of the following two sections:
• 3.2.3.3.1. if the vehicle is of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Appendix: during the test in motion, it may not exceed by more than 1.0 dB(A) the limit value laid down in point 2.2.1.3; during the stationary test, is may not exceed by more than 3.0 dB(A) the value indicated on the manufacturer’s statutory plate;
• 3.2.3.3.2. if the vehicle is not of a type which has been granted type-approval pursuant to the provisions of this Appendix, it may not exceed by more than 1.0 dB(A) the limit value applicable to that type of vehicle when it first entered into service;

• 3.2.3.4. a separate engine identical to that fitted to the vehicle referred to in point 3.2.3.3., should the approval authorities deem it necessary.

3.3.   Markings and inscriptions

• 3.3.1. Non-original exhaust systems or components thereof shall be marked in accordance with the requirements of Article 39 of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013.

3.4.   Component type-approval

• 3.4.1. Upon completion of the tests laid down in this Appendix, the approval authority shall issue a certificate corresponding to the model referred to in Article 30(2) of Regulation (EU) No 168/2013. The component type-approval number shall be preceded by a rectangle surrounding the letter ‘e’ followed by the distinguishing number or letters of the Member State which issued or refused the component type-approval.

3.5.   Specifications

- 3.5.1. General specifications

The design, construction and mounting of the silencer shall be such that:

• 3.5.1.1. the vehicle complies with the requirements of the Appendix under normal conditions or use, and in particular regardless of any vibrations to which it may be subjected;

- 3.5.1.2. it displays reasonable resistance to the corrosion phenomena to which it is exposed, with due regard to normal conditions of use;

• 3.5.1.3. the ground clearance under the silencer as originally fitted, and the angle at which the vehicle can lean over, are not reduced;

- 3.5.1.4. the surface does not reach unduly high temperatures;

• 3.5.1.5. its outline has no projections or sharp edges;

- 3.5.1.6. shock absorbers and suspension have adequate clearance;

• 3.5.1.7. adequate safety clearance is provided for pipes;

• 3.5.1.8. it is impact-resistant in a way that is compatible with clearly-defined maintenance and installation requirements.

- 3.5.2. Specifications for noise levels

• 3.5.2.1.The acoustic efficiency of the replacement exhaust systems or components thereof shall be tested using the methods described in points 2.3 and 2.4.

• With a replacement exhaust system or component thereof fitted to the vehicle referred to in point 3.2.3.3 of this Appendix, the noise-level values obtained shall meet the following conditions:

- 3.5.2.1.1.they shall not exceed the noise-level values measured, in accordance with point 3.2.3.3, using the same vehicle fitted with the original equipment silencer both during the test in motion and during the stationary test.

• 3.5.3. Testing of vehicle performance

- 3.5.3.1.The replacement silencer shall be such as to ensure that the performance of the vehicle is comparable with that achieved with the original silencer or component thereof.

• 3.5.3.2.The replacement silencer shall be compared with an originally-fitted silencer, also in new condition, fitted to the vehicle referred to in point 3.2.3.3.