Council Regulation (EU) 2020/1998 of 7 December 2020 concerning restrictive measures against serious human rights violations and abuses

Article 1

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

• (a) ‘claim’ means any claim, whether asserted by legal proceedings or not, made before or after the date of entry into force of this Regulation, under or in connection with a contract or transaction, and in particular:
• (i) a claim for performance of any obligation arising under or in connection with a contract or transaction;
• (ii) a claim for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee or indemnity of whatever form;
• (iii) a claim for compensation in respect of a contract or transaction;
• (iv) a counterclaim;
• (v) a claim for the recognition or enforcement, including by the procedure of exequatur, of a judgment, an arbitration award or an equivalent decision, wherever made or given;

• (b) ‘contract or transaction’ means any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for that purpose ‘contract’ includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction;

• (c) ‘competent authorities’ refers to the competent authorities of the Member States as identified on the websites listed in Annex II;

• (d) ‘economic resources’ means assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but may be used to obtain funds, goods or services;

• (e) ‘freezing of economic resources’ means preventing the use of economic resources to obtain funds, goods or services in any way, including, but not limited to, by selling, hiring or mortgaging them;

• (f) ‘freezing of funds’ means preventing any move, transfer, alteration, use of, access to, or dealing with funds in any way that would result in any change in their volume, amount, location, ownership, possession, character, destination or other change that would enable the funds to be used, including portfolio management;

• (g) ‘funds’ means financial assets and benefits of every kind, including, but not limited to:
• (i) cash, cheques, claims on money, drafts, money orders and other payment instruments;
• (ii) deposits with financial institutions or other entities, balances on accounts, debts and debt obligations;
• (iii) publicly- and privately-traded securities and debt instruments, including stocks and shares, certificates representing securities, bonds, notes, warrants, debentures and derivatives contracts;
• (iv) interest, dividends or other income on or value accruing from or generated by assets;
• (v) credit, right of set-off, guarantees, performance bonds or other financial commitments;
• (vi) letters of credit, bills of lading, bills of sale;
• (vii) documents showing evidence of an interest in funds or financial resources;

• (h) ‘territory of the Union’ means the territories of the Member States to which the Treaty on European Union (TEU) is applicable, under the conditions laid down in the TEU, including their airspace.

Article 2

• (a) genocide;

• (b) crimes against humanity;

• (c) the following serious human rights violations or abuses:
• (i) torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
• (ii) slavery;
• (iii) extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings;
• (iv) enforced disappearance of persons;
• (v) arbitrary arrests or detentions;

• (d) other human rights violations or abuses, including but not limited to the following, in so far as those violations or abuses are widespread, systematic or are otherwise of serious concern as regards the objectives of the common foreign and security policy set out in Article 21 TEU:
• (i) trafficking in human beings, as well as abuses of human rights by migrant smugglers as referred to in this Article;
• (ii) sexual and gender-based violence;
• (iii) violations or abuses of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association;
• (iv) violations or abuses of freedom of opinion and expression;
• (v) violations or abuses of freedom of religion or belief.

• (a) the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights;

• (b) the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;

• (c) the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,

• (d) the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;

• (e) the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination;

• (f) the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;

• (g) the Convention on the Rights of the Child;

• (h) the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance;

• (i) the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;

• (j) the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;

• (k) the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

• (l) the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

• (a) State actors;

• (b) other actors exercising effective control or authority over a territory;

• (c) other non-State actors, subject to Article 1(4) of Decision (CFSP) 2020/1999.

Article 3

• (a) natural or legal persons, entities or bodies, who are responsible for acts set out in Article 2(1);

• (b) natural or legal persons, entities or bodies, who provide financial, technical, or material support for or are otherwise involved in acts set out in Article 2(1), including by planning, directing, ordering, assisting, preparing, facilitating, or encouraging such acts;

• (c) natural or legal persons, entities or bodies, who are associated with the natural or legal persons, entities or bodies covered by points (a) and (b).

Article 4

• (a) necessary to satisfy the basic needs of natural or legal persons, entities or bodies listed in Annex I, and dependent family members of such natural persons, including payments for food, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges;

• (b) intended exclusively for the payment of reasonable professional fees or the reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services;

• (c) intended exclusively for the payment of fees or service charges for the routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds or economic resources;

• (d) necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that the relevant competent authority has notified the competent authorities of the other Member States and the Commission of the grounds on which it considers that a specific authorisation should be granted, at least two weeks prior to the authorisation; or

• (e) to be paid into or from an account of a diplomatic or consular mission or an international organisation enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, insofar as such payments are intended to be used for official purposes of the diplomatic or consular mission or international organisation.

Article 5

-1. Article 3(1) and (2) shall not apply to the making available of funds or economic resources necessary to ensure the timely delivery of humanitarian assistance or to support other activities that support basic human needs where such assistance and other activities are carried out by:

• (a) the United Nations (UN), including its programmes, funds and other entities and bodies, as well as its specialised agencies and related organisations;

• (b) international organisations;

• (c) humanitarian organisations having observer status with the UN General Assembly and members of those humanitarian organisations;

• (d) bilaterally or multilaterally funded non-governmental organisations participating in UN Humanitarian Response Plans, UN Refugee Response Plans, other UN appeals or humanitarian clusters coordinated by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs;

• (e) organisations and agencies to which the Union has granted the Humanitarian Partnership Certificate or which are certified or recognised by a Member State in accordance with national procedures;

• (f) Member States’ specialised agencies; or

• (g) employees, grantees, subsidiaries, or implementing partners of the entities referred to in points (a) to (f) while and to the extent that they are acting in those capacities.

-1a. The exemption set out in paragraph -1 shall not apply to the natural or legal persons, entities or bodies identified with an asterisk in Annex I.

1a. In the absence of a negative decision, a request for information or a notification for additional time from the relevant competent authority within 5 working days of the date of receipt of a request for authorisation under paragraph 1, that authorisation shall be considered granted.

Article 6

• (a) the funds or economic resources are the subject of an arbitral decision rendered prior to the date on which the natural or legal person, entity or body referred to in Article 3 was listed in Annex I, or of a judicial or administrative decision rendered in the Union, or a judicial decision enforceable in the Member State concerned, prior to or after that date;

• (b) the funds or economic resources will be used exclusively to satisfy claims secured by such a decision or recognised as valid in such a decision, within the limits set by applicable laws and regulations governing the rights of persons having such claims;

• (c) the decision is not for the benefit of a natural or legal person, entity or body listed in Annex I; and

• (d) recognition of the decision is not contrary to public policy in the Member State concerned.

Article 7

• (a) the funds or economic resources will be used for a payment by a natural or legal person, entity or body listed in Annex I; and

• (b) the payment is not in breach of Article 3(2).

Article 8

• (a) interest or other earnings on those accounts;

• (b) payments due under contracts, agreements or obligations that were concluded or arose before the date on which the natural or legal person, entity or body referred to in Article 3 was included in Annex I; or

• (c) payments due under judicial, administrative or arbitral decisions rendered in a Member State or enforceable in the Member State concerned, provided that any such interest, other earnings and payments remain subject to the measures provided for in Article 3(1).

Article 9

• (a) supply immediately any information which would facilitate compliance with this Regulation, such as information on accounts and amounts frozen in accordance with Article 3(1), to the competent authority of the Member State where they are resident or located, and transmit such information, directly or through the Member State, to the Commission; and

• (b) cooperate with the competent authority in any verification of the information referred to in point (a).

Article 10

It shall be prohibited to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the measures referred to in Article 3.

Article 11

Article 12

• (a) natural or legal persons, entities or bodies listed in Annex I;

• (b) any natural or legal person, entity or body acting through or on behalf of one of the natural or legal persons, entities or bodies referred to in point (a).

Article 13

• (a) funds frozen under Article 3 and authorisations granted under Articles 4, 5, 6 and 7;

• (b) violation and enforcement problems and judgments handed down by national courts.

Article 14

Article 15

Article 16

Article 17

• (a) as regards the Council, preparing and making amendments to Annex I;

• (b) as regards the High Representative, preparing amendments to Annex I;

• (c) as regards the Commission:
• (i) adding the contents of Annex I to the electronic, consolidated list of persons, groups and entities subject to Union financial sanctions and to the interactive sanctions map, both publicly available;
• (ii) processing information on the impact of the measures provided for in this Regulation such as the value of frozen funds and information on authorisations granted by the competent authorities.

Article 18

Article 19

This Regulation shall apply:

• (a) within the territory of the Union, including its airspace;

• (b) on board any aircraft or vessel under the jurisdiction of a Member State;

• (c) to any natural person inside or outside the territory of the Union who is a national of a Member State;

• (d) to any legal person, entity or body, inside or outside the territory of the Union, which is incorporated or constituted under the law of a Member State;

• (e) to any legal person, entity or body in respect of any business done in whole or in part within the Union.

Article 20

This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

ANNEX I

List of natural or legal persons, entities or bodies referred to in Article 3

• A. Natural persons Names (Transliteration into Latin script) Names Identifying information Reasons for listing Date of listing

Aлександр Петрович КАЛАШНИКОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): Former director of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) DOB: 27.1.1964 POB: Tatarsk, Novosibirsk Region/Oblast, Russian SFSR (now Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male ID Number: 771670606787 Alexander Kalashnikov was the director of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) from 8 October 2019 until 25 November 2021. In that position, he oversaw all activities of the FSIN. In his capacity as director of the FSIN, he was responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including arbitrary arrests and detentions. While Alexei Navalny was recovering in Germany (September 2020 – January 2021) after having been poisoned with a toxic nerve agent of the Novichok group, on 28 December 2020 FSIN demanded that he immediately present himself to a probation officer or face a prison sentence for violating a suspended sentence for fraud conviction. That fraud conviction was found to be arbitrary and unfair by the European Court of Human Rights in 2018. On 17 January 2021, acting on the orders of Alexander Kalashnikov, FSIN officers detained Alexei Navalny upon his arrival at Moscow airport. Alexei Navalny’s arrest is based on a decision by the Khimki city court, which in turn was issued at the request of FSIN. In late December 2020, FSIN had already requested that a court replace Alexei Nalvany’s suspended sentence with a prison term. On 17 February 2021, the European Court of Human Rights ordered the Government of Russia to release Alexei Navalny. 2.3.2021

Алексaндр Ивaнович БАСТРЫКИН Position(s): Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation DOB: 27.8.1953 POB: Pskov, Russian SFSR (now Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male ID Number: 782618375392 Alexander Bastrykin has served as chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation (the “Committee”) since January 2011 (and as acting chairman from October to December 2010). In that position, he oversees all activities of the Committee. Officially, the Committee is presided over by the Russian President. In Alexander Bastrykin’s capacity as chairman of the Committee, he is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including arbitrary arrests and detentions. Alexander Bastrykin is responsible for the Committee’s widespread and systematic repressive campaigns against the Russian opposition, targeting and investigating its members. On 29 December 2020, the Committee launched an investigation into the opposition leader Alexei Navalny, charging him with large-scale fraud. Alexei Navalny and others published articles on Alexander Bastrykin’s ownership of Czech real estate firm LAW Bohemia in the 2000s. In 2022, the Investigative Committee, which Alexander Bastrykin is still chairing, charged 92 Ukrainian soldiers with crimes against humanity during Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. 2.3.2021

3. Igor Viktorovich KRASNOV  [^E0001]

Игорь Викторович КРАСНОВ Position(s): Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation DOB: 24.12.1975 POB: Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR (now Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male Igor Krasnov has been Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation since 22 January 2020, and is the former Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. In his position as Prosecutor General, he supervises the Prosecutor’s Offices in the Russian Federation, the Special Prosecutor’s Offices and the Military Prosecutor’s Office. In his capacity as Prosecutor General, he is responsible for serious human rights violations, including the arbitrary detentions of protesters, and for widespread and systematic repression of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, and freedom of opinion and expression. Ahead of the 23 January 2021 protests, the Prosecutor General’s Office warned that participants would be held responsible. Moreover, the Prosecutor General’s Office demanded that the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications (Roskomnadzor) restrict access to opposition websites and social network accounts that contained information on planned gatherings of Alexei Navalny’s supporters. On 29 January 2021, the Prosecutor General’s Office once again demanded that Roskomnadzor restrict access to opposition websites and social network accounts, this time ahead of the pro-Navalny protests on 30 and 31 January 2021. Warnings were sent to internet companies (Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, Google, Mail.ru Group). The Prosecutor General’s Office also announced that those taking part in the demonstrations would be prosecuted. The Prosecutor General’s Office supported the request by the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) to convert the suspended sentence imposed on Alexei Navalny in a case of alleged fraud to a prison sentence. Despite the fact that his conviction in that case had been found arbitrary and unfair by the European Court of Human Rights in 2018, Alexei Navalny was arrested upon his arrival at Moscow airport on 17 January 2021. 2 March 2021

Виктор Васильевич ЗОЛОТОВ Position(s): Director of the Federal Service of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (Rosgvardia) DOB: 27.1.1954 POB: Sasovo, Russian SFSR (now Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male ID Number: 770600283509 Viktor Zolotov has been the Director of the Federal Service of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (Rosgvardia) since 5 April 2016 and, therefore, Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, as well as Commander of OMON – the Special Purpose Mobile Unit integrated in Rosgvardia. In that position, he oversees all activities of Rosgvardia and OMON troops. In his capacity as Director of Rosgvardia, he is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including arbitrary arrests and detentions and systematic and widespread violations of freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, in particular by violently repressing protests and demonstrations. Rosgvardia was employed to quell the pro-Navalny protests of 23 January and 21 April 2021, and many OMON and National Guard officers were reported to have used brutality and violence against protesters. Dozens of journalists were targeted with aggression by the security forces, including Meduza’s correspondent Kristina Safronova, who was hit by an OMON officer, and Novaya Gazeta’s journalist Yelizaveta Kirpanova, who was hit on the head with a truncheon leaving her bleeding. During the 23 January 2021 protests, security forces arbitrarily detained more than 300 minors. 2.3.2021

朱海仑 (Chinese spelling) Position(s): Retired since May 2021 Member of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China (in session from 2018 to 2023) representing the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR); Member of the National People’s Congress Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee (since 19 March 2018) DOB: January 1958 POB: Lianshui, Jiangsu (China) Nationality: Chinese Gender: male Associated entities: Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR); 13th People’s Congress of the XUAR (a local legislative body) Former Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and former Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the XUAR (2016 to 2019). Former Deputy Head of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of the XUAR, a regional legislative body (2019 to 5 February 2021 but still active until at least March 2021). Member of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China (in session from 2018 to 2023) representing the XUAR. Member of the National People’s Congress Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Committee since 19 March 2018. As Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the XUAR (2016 to 2019), Zhu Hailun was responsible for maintaining internal security and law enforcement in the XUAR. As such, he held a key political position in charge of overseeing and implementing a large-scale surveillance, detention and indoctrination programme targeting Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities. Zhu Hailun has been described as the ‘architect’ of this programme. He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in China, in particular large-scale arbitrary detentions inflicted upon Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities. As Deputy Head of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of the XUAR (2019 to 5 February 2021), Zhu Hailun continued to exercise a decisive influence in the XUAR where the large-scale surveillance, detention and indoctrination programme targeting Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities continues. 22.3.2021

王君正 (Chinese spelling) Position(s): Member of the 20th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee (December 2022 – December 2026); Deputy of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC, February 2023 – February 2027); Party Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR); Director of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) (since May 2024); former Party Secretary of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; Political commissar of the XPCC and CEO of the China Xinjian Group DOB: May 1963 POB: Linyi, Shandong (China) Nationality: Chinese Gender: male Address: Lhasa, Tibet Associated entities: Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) Party Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) since October 2021. Member of the 20th CPC Central Committee (December 2022 – December 2026). Deputy of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC, February 2023 – February 2027). Former Party Secretary of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) from April 2020 to October 2021, as well as Political commissar of the XPCC from May 2020 to October 2021. Former Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the XUAR, from February 2019 to September 2020. Wang Junzheng also held other senior posts in the XPCC. The XPCC is a state-owned economic and paramilitary organisation in the XUAR, which exercises administrative authority and controls economic activities in Xinjiang. As Party Secretary and Political commissar of the XPCC, Wang Junzheng was involved in overseeing all policies implemented by the XPCC. In that position, he was responsible for serious human rights violations in China, in particular large-scale arbitrary detentions and degrading treatment inflicted upon Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities, as well as systematic violations of their freedom of religion or belief, linked, inter alia, to the XPCC’s implementation of a large-scale surveillance, detention and indoctrination programme targeting Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities. He was also responsible for the XPCC’s systematic use of Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities as a forced workforce, in particular in cotton fields. As Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the XUAR, Wang Junzheng was involved in overseeing all the security policies implemented in Xinjiang, including the aforementioned programme targeting Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities. As Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the XUAR from February 2019 to September 2020, Wang Junzheng was responsible for maintaining internal security and law enforcement in the XUAR. As such, he held a key political position in charge of overseeing and implementing the aforementioned programme. 22.3.2021

王明山 (Chinese spelling) Position(s): Deputy of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC, February 2023 – February 2027); Deputy Director of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) DOB: January 1964 POB: Wuwei, Gansu (China) Nationality: Chinese Gender: male Address: Urumqi, Xinjiang Deputy Director (since February 2024) and former member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Deputy of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC, February 2023 – February 2027). Former Director and Deputy Party Secretary of the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau (XPSB) between 2017 and January 2021. As Deputy Director and former Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the XUAR (September 2020 – February 2024), Wang Mingshan is responsible for maintaining internal security and law enforcement in the XUAR. As such, he holds a key political position in charge of overseeing a large-scale surveillance, detention and indoctrination programme targeting Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities. As Former Director and Deputy Party Secretary of the XPSB (2017 to January 2021), he held a key position in Xinjiang’s security apparatus and was directly responsible for implementing the aforementioned programme. In particular, the XPSB has deployed the ‘Integrated Joint Operations Platform’ (IJOP), a big data programme used to track millions of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region and flag those deemed ‘potentially threatening’ to be sent to detention camps. In his current position and due to his former functions, Wang Mingshan is responsible for serious human rights violations in China, in particular large-scale arbitrary detentions and degrading treatment inflicted upon Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities, as well as systematic violations of their freedom of religion or belief. 22.3.2021

陈明国 (Chinese spelling) Position(s): Deputy Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and member of the Standing Committee of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) (since December 2024); Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the XUAR (since February 2024); Member of the CPC Standing Committee of the XUAR (since February 2024) DOB: October 1966 POB: Yilong, Sichuan (China) Nationality: Chinese Gender: male Address: Urumqi, Xinjiang Associated entities: Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the XUAR Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and Member of the CPC Standing Committee of the XUAR since February 2024. Former Director of the Xinjiang Public Security Bureau (XPSB) since January 2021 and Vice-Chairman of the XUAR People’s Government. As Secretary of the Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), Member of the CPC Standing Committee of the XUAR and former Director of the XPSB, Chen Mingguo holds a key position in Xinjiang’s security apparatus and is directly involved in implementing a large-scale surveillance, detention and indoctrination programme targeting Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities. In particular, the XPSB has deployed the ‘Integrated Joint Operations Platform’ (IJOP), a big data programme used to track millions of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region and flag those deemed ‘potentially threatening’ to be sent to detention camps. Chen Mingguo is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in China, in particular arbitrary detentions and degrading treatment inflicted upon Uyghurs and people from other Muslim ethnic minorities, as well as systematic violations of their freedom of religion or belief. 22.3.2021

정경택 (Korean spelling) Position(s): Director of the General Political Bureau of the Korean People’s Army; former Minister of State Security of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) DOB: between 1.1.1961 and 31.12.1963 Nationality: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) Gender: male Jong Kyong-thaek is the Director of the General Political Bureau of the Korean People’s Army. He was the Minister of State Security of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) from 2017 until 2022. The Ministry of State Security of the DPRK is one of the leading institutions in charge of implementing the repressive security policies of the DPRK, with a focus on identifying and suppressing political dissent, the inflow of ‘subversive’ information from abroad, and any other conduct considered a serious political threat to the political system and its leadership. 22.3.2021 As former Head of the Ministry of State Security, Jong Kyong-thaek is responsible for serious human rights violations in the DPRK, in particular torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, enforced disappearance of persons, and arbitrary arrests or detentions, as well as widespread forced labour and sexual violence against women.

a.k.a. RI Yong Gi, RI Yo’ng-kil, YI Yo’ng-kil 리영길 (Korean spelling) Position(s): Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People’s Army (KPA) Rank: Vice Marshal DOB: 1955 Nationality: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) Gender: male Ri Yong Gil is the Chief of the General Staff of the Korean People’s Army (KPA). He was Minister of National Defence of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) from June or July 2021 until December 2022. He was Minister of Social Security from January 2021 until June or July 2021. He was also Chief of the General Staff of the KPA between 2018 and January 2021. He was promoted to Vice Marshal of the KPA on 14 April 2022. As Chief of the General Staff of the KPA and as former Minister of National Defence, Ri Yong Gil is responsible for the widespread serious human rights violations committed by the KPA, including by members of the Military Security Command and other KPA units. The Ministry of Social Security of the DPRK (formerly known as the Ministry of People’s Security or Ministry of Public Security) and the Military Security Command are leading institutions in charge of implementing the repressive security policies of the DPRK, including interrogation and punishment of people ‘illegally’ fleeing the DPRK. In particular, the Ministry of Social Security is in charge of running prison camps and short-term labour detention centres through its Correctional Bureau in which prisoners/detainees are subject to deliberate starvation and other inhuman and degrading treatment. As former Head of the Ministry of Social Security, Ri Yong Gil is responsible for serious human rights violations in the DPRK, in particular torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, enforced disappearance of persons, and arbitrary arrests or detentions, as well as widespread forced labour and sexual violence against women. 22.3.2021 —————

عبد الرحيم الكاني (Arabic spelling) Position(s): member of the Kaniyat Militia DOB: 7.9.1997 Nationality: Libyan Passport number: PH3854LY ID number: 119970331820 Gender: male Abderrahim Al-Kani is a key member of the Kaniyat Militia and brother of the Head of the Kaniyat Militia, Mohammed Khalifa Al-Khani (deceased in July 2021). The Kaniyat Militia exercised control of the Libyan town of Tarhuna between 2015 and June 2020. Abderrahim Al-Kani is in charge of internal security for the Kaniyat Militia. In that capacity, he is responsible for serious human rights abuses in Libya, in particular extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances of persons between 2015 and June 2020 in Tarhuna. 22.3.2021 Abderrahim Al-Kani and the Kaniyat Militia fled Tarhuna in early June 2020 to eastern Libya. Since then, several mass graves attributed to the Kaniyat Militia have been discovered in Tarhuna.

Аюб Вахаевич КАТАЕВ (a.k.a. Аюбхан Вахаевич КАТАЕВ) (Russian spelling) Position(s): Former Head of Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the city of Argun in the Chechen Republic DOB: 1.12.1983 POB: Ilyinsky, Chechnya Nationality: Russian ID Number: 200505588830, 014112081090 Gender: male Head of Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in the city of Argun in the Chechen Republic until 2018. In his capacity as Head of Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in Argun, Aiub Kataev oversaw the activities of local state security and police agencies. In this position, he personally oversaw widespread and systematic persecutions in Chechnya, which began in 2017. The repressions are directed against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons, those presumed to belong to LGBTI groups, and other individuals suspected of being opponents of the Head of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov. Aiub Kataev and forces formerly under his command are responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, in particular torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, as well as arbitrary arrests and detentions and extrajudicial or arbitrary executions and killings. According to numerous witnesses, Aiub Kataev personally supervised and took part in torturing detainees. 22.3.2021

Абузайд Джандарович ВИСМУРАДОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): Former Commander of the Special Rapid-Response Unit (SOBR) Team ‘Terek’, Deputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic, unofficial bodyguard of the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov DOB: 24.12.1975 Former Commander of the Special Rapid-Response Unit (SOBR) Team ‘Terek’. Since 23 March 2020, Deputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic. Unofficial bodyguard of the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov. Abuzaid Vismuradov was the Commander of the SOBR detachment ‘Terek’ from March 2012 until March 2020. In this position, he personally oversaw widespread and systematic persecutions in Chechnya, which began in 2017. The repressions are directed against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) persons, those presumed to belong to LGBTI groups and other individuals suspected of being opponents of the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov. 22.3.2021 POB: Akhmat-Yurt/Khosi-Yurt, former Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), now Chechen Republic (Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male Abuzaid Vismuradov and the ‘Terek’ unit previously under his command are responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, in particular torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, as well as arbitrary arrests and detentions and extrajudicial and arbitrary killings and executions. According to numerous witnesses, Abuzaid Vismuradov personally supervised and took part in torturing detainees. He is a close associate of Ramzan Kadyrov, the Head of the Chechen Republic, who has been conducting a campaign of repression against his political opponents for many years.

- Position(s): Major General of the South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF) Nationality: South Sudanese Gender: male Major General of the South Sudan People’s Defense Forces (SSPDF). Gabriel Moses Lokujo is responsible for serious human rights violation in South Sudan, in particular extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings. In May 2020, three officers of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO) were abducted and executed on the orders of Major General Lokujo. 22.3.2021 Major General Lokujo defected in September 2020 from the SPLA-IO to the SSPDF and is responsible for the ensuing clashes in and around the Moroto Training Center in southern Central Equatoria. As a consequence, several deaths and injuries were reported on both sides during the last quarter of 2020, and civilians were also displaced, especially in the Kajo-Keji area of Central Equatoria State. Major General Lokujo’s forces remained in the area where several further clashes have been reported and the safety and security of the civilian communities continue to be in jeopardy. —————

Станислав Евгеньевич Дычко (Russian spelling) Position(s): Mercenary of the Wagner Group DOB: 1990 Nationality: Russian Gender: male Stanislav Dychko, a former employee of the Stavropol police, is a mercenary of the Wagner Group. Alongside three other mercenaries of the Wagner Group, he took part in the torturing to death of a Syrian deserter in June 2017 in the governorate of Homs, Syria. He is therefore responsible for serious human rights abuses in Syria. 13.12.2021

Валерий Николаевич ЗАХАРОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): Security counsellor to the President of the Central African Republic (CAR) Wagner Group ID: M-5658 DOB: 12.1.1970 POB: Leningrad, Russian SFSR (now Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male Valery Zakharov, a former member of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB), is the former security counsellor to the President of the Central African Republic (CAR). He is a key figure in the Wagner Group’s command structure and maintains close links with the Russian authorities. Given his former influential position in CAR and his leading role in the Wagner Group, Valery Zakharov is responsible for serious human rights abuses committed by the Wagner Group in CAR, including extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings. This includes the murder of three Russian journalists in 2018 whose security was the responsibility of Valery Zakharov. 13.12.2021

a.k.a. Maksim SHUGALEI  [^E0001] Максим ШУГАЛЕЙ (Russian spelling) Position(s): President of the Foundation for the Defence of National Values (FDNV) DOB: 24.2.1966 POB: Leningrad, former USSR (now St Petersburg, Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Gender: male Passport or ID number: 710508436 (Russian passport) Maxim Shugaley is head of the Foundation for the Defence of National Values (FDNV), an entity associated with the Wagner Group. The FDNV operates as the public relations arm of the Wagner Group and Maxim Shugaley’s role in FDNV involves steering pro-Wagner Group propaganda and disinformation campaigns, including to enhance the reputation of the Wagner Group and support its deployment, as well as covertly interfering on behalf of the Wagner Group in the various countries that he is active in. The Wagner Group is listed for serious human rights abuses, including torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including Libya, Mali and the Central African Republic. Maxim Shugaley is associated with the Wagner Group and is responsible for supporting and encouraging the acts of the Wagner Group through pro-Wagner Group propaganda and disinformation. 25.2.2023

Александр Григорьевич МАЛОЛЕТКО (Russian spelling)

Aleksandr Maloletko was a close collaborator of Yevgeny Prigozhin. His action as a ‘defender of the Motherland’ and as the Head of the ‘Veteran’s Interests Defenders League’ has been publicly hailed by Yevgeny Prigozhin. He has been working as an instructor for the Wagner Group in the Central African Republic (CAR). He is associated with the Wagner Group, listed for serious human rights abuses in several countries, including in CAR, and is responsible for supporting the acts of the Wagner Group. 25.2.2023

Константин Александрович ПИКАЛОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): One of the PMC Wagner Group Commanders in Africa DOB: 23.7.1968 Nationality: Russian Gender: male Konstantin Pikalov, code name ‘Mazaï’ (Mazay), is one of the leaders of the Wagner Group and is responsible for the operational activities of the Wagner Group in Africa, notably in the Central African Republic (CAR). He is accused of being the instigator of the murder of three Russian journalists in July 2018. Since April 2023, he is also at the head of a new paramilitary group (Convoy) created in November 2022 to take action in Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. The Wagner Group is listed for serious human rights abuses, including torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including CAR. In his leadership position within the Wagner Group, Konstantin Pikalov is responsible for the serious human rights abuses committed by the Wagner Group in CAR. 25.2.2023

a.k.a. Dimitri SYTYI, Dmitry SYTIY Дмитрий СЫТИЙ (Russian spelling) Position(s): Director of the Russian house of Bangui DOB: 23.3.1989 POB: Minsk (Belarus) Nationality: Russian Gender: male Address: NA-SYTAIA/A1-TANKISTAZ KHRUSTITSKOGO 62 APT25/ZP-198217 St Petersburg, Russian Federation Dimitri Sytii has a leading role within the Wagner Group in the Central African Republic (CAR), and had close links to Yevgeny Prigozhin. He is in charge of conducting the Wagner Group’s influence policy in CAR. He is the head of the local branch of the Russian House, the cultural arm of the Russian foreign ministry. The Wagner Group is listed for serious human rights abuses, which include torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including CAR. Given his influential position in CAR and his leading role in the Wagner Group, he is responsible for serious human rights abuses committed by the Wagner Group in CAR. 25.2.2023

Михаил Сергеевич ПОТЕПКИН (Russian spelling) Position(s): Director Meroe Gold DOB: 19.9.1981 or 29.9.1981 Nationality: Russian Gender: male Passport number: 651697952 (Russian passport) Address: Sudan Associated companies: Megaline; Concord; IT-Debugger Mikhail Potepkin is director of Meroe Gold, a cover entity for the Wagner Group’s operations in Sudan, as well as being involved in M-Invest, Meroe’s parent company. He has a leading role within the Wagner Group in Sudan and had close links to Yevgeny Prigozhin. By being affiliated with the Sudanese military, the Wagner Group secured the exploiting and exporting of Sudanese gold to Russia. Potepkin is associated with the Wagner Group, listed for serious human rights abuses, which include torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including Sudan. Through his activities, he also provides support for such abuses committed in Sudan. 25.2.2023

a.k.a. Aleksandr Alexandrovich IVANOV; Alexandre Alexandrovich IVANOV  [^E0001] Александр Александрович ИВАНОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): Representative of Wagner Group instructors in the Central African Republic DOB: 14.6.1960 Nationality: Russian Gender: male Address: Bangui, Central African Republic Alexander Ivanov is the spokesperson for the Wagner Group in the Central African Republic (CAR). He is also the head of the Russian ‘Officers Union for International Security’, also called the Officers Community for International Security (COSI), a Wagner front company which sends Russian military instructors to CAR. Those instructors are Wagner Group mercenaries. The Wagner Group is listed for serious human rights abuses, including torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including CAR. In his position as official representative of Russian military instructors, Alexander Ivanov is involved in the serious human rights abuses committed by the Wagner Group in CAR. 25.2.2023

Виталий Викторович ПЕРФИЛЬЕВ (Russian spelling) DOB: 11.9.1983 POB: Novossibirsk USSR (now Russian Federation) Nationality: Russian Address: Bangui (Central African Republic) Gender: male Passport number: NR 75 2987491 Date of delivery: 30.3.2016 Expiration date: 30.3.2026 Vitalii Perfilev was the security advisor to the President of the Central African Republic (CAR) until November 2023, and a key figure within the Wagner Group in CAR. The Wagner Group is listed for serious human rights abuses, which include torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including CAR. Given his former influential position during the period when the human rights abuses were committed in CAR and his leading role in the Wagner Group, Vitalii Perfilev is responsible for serious human rights abuses committed by the Wagner Group in CAR. 25.2.2023

Андрей Сергеевич МАНДЕЛЬ (Russian spelling) DOB: 2.3.1990 POB: Germany Gender: male Passport number: 753615660 Andrei Mandel is head of M-Invest, a cover entity for the Wagner Group’s operations in Sudan, as well as being involved in its subsidiary Meroe Gold. He has a leading role within the Wagner Group in Sudan and had close links to Yevgeny Prigozhin. By being closely affiliated with the Sudanese military, the Wagner Group secured the exploiting and exporting of Sudanese gold to Russia. Mandel is associated with the Wagner Group, listed for serious human rights abuses, which include torture and extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions and killings, in several countries, including Sudan. Through his activities, he also provides support for such abuses committed in Sudan. Recent reports state that Mandel also worked for Wagner in Mali. 25.2.2023

Image omitted; see official source (Pashto spelling) Position(s): Acting Taliban Minister for Higher Education Nationality: Afghan DOB: 1977 POB: Kandahar, Afghanistan Gender: male Neda Mohammed Nadeem has been the acting Taliban Minister for Higher Education since 22 October 2022. Since he took up his position, the Taliban have published decrees banning women from higher education throughout the country. These decrees deprive women of their right to education as well as their equal access to education, violating the principle of equal treatment between men and women. In his capacity as acting Taliban Minister for Higher Education, Neda Mohammed Nadeem is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Afghanistan, in particular the widespread violation of women’s right to education and the right to equal treatment between men and women in the field of education. 7.3.2023

شیخ محمد خالد (Pashto spelling) Position(s): Acting Taliban Minister for the propagation of virtue and the prevention of vice DOB: around 1970 POB: Kolam Shaheed village, Doabi district, Nurestan province, Afghanistan Nationality: Afghan Gender: male Sheikh Muhammad Khalid Hanafi is the acting Taliban Minister for the propagation of virtue and the prevention of vice, replacing the Minister for women’s affairs. Since he took up his position, the Taliban have published decrees restricting women’s and girl’s freedom and dignity throughout the country, curbing their freedom of speech and expression, and inflicting harsh punishments and violence on those who do not respect the Taliban’s edicts. In particular, during his time in office, hijab decrees were published as well as gender-segregated timetables for the use of public spaces. In his capacity as acting Taliban Minister for the propagation of virtue and the prevention of vice, Sheikh Muhammad Khalid Hanafi is responsible for serious human rights violations in Afghanistan, in particular the widespread violation of women’s rights, such as their freedom of expression, as well as the right to equal treatment between men and women. 7.3.2023

Александр Георгиевич ФЕДОРИНОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): commanding officer of Moscow Police Station Rank: Lieutenant Colonel DOB: 31.5.1980 POB: Michurinsk, Tambov, Russian Federation Nationality: Russian Gender: male Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Fedorinov is a commanding officer of Moscow Police Station. In his capacity as acting head of the police station in March 2022, he authorised the arbitrary arrest and detention, as well as the subsequent torture, of female anti-war protestors. Alexander Fedorinov is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, in particular torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary arrests or detentions as well as systematic sexual and gender-based violence. 7.3.2023

Иван РЯБОВ (Russian spelling) Position(s): police officer of Moscow Police Station Nationality: Russian Gender: male Ivan Ryabov is a police officer of Moscow Police Station. On the orders of Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Georgievich Fedorinov, he arbitrarily detained and tortured female anti-war protestors in March 2022. Victims report that he beat them, suffocated them with plastic bags and abused them physically and verbally for six hours. Ivan Ryabov is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, in particular torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and arbitrary arrests or detentions. 7.3.2023

a.k.a. Nikolaj Anatolevich Kuznetsov, Nikolaj Kuznetsov, Nikolay Kuznetsov  [^E0001] Николай Анатольевич Кузнецов (Russian spelling) Position(s): Member of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, commander of the Dzerzhinsky division special forces unit of Rosgvardia (Federal Service of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation) Rank: Major-General DOB: 13.4.1978 Nationality: Russian Gender: male Tax identification number: 645407737871 Major-General Nikolay Anatolevich Kuznetsov is a member of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and commander of the Dzerzhinsky division special forces unit of Rosgvardia (Federal Service of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation). Kuznetsov’s unit was part of Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine and members of his unit systematically participated in acts of sexual violence and rape in Ukraine in March/April 2022. The scale and severity of acts of sexual and gender-based violence taking place in Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine speak to ‘planning on a more systematic level’ and Russian commanders being aware of sexual violence by military personnel in Ukraine and, in some cases, having ‘encouraged or even ordered it’. In his capacity as commander of the unit, Kuznetsov is responsible for serious human rights violations in Ukraine, including systematic sexual and gender-based violence. 7.3.2023

Рамиль Рахматуллович Ибатуллин (Russian spelling) Position(s): Member of the armed forces of the Russian Federation, former commander of the 90th guards tank division Rank: Colonel DOB: 22.10.1976 Nationality: Russian Gender: male Tax identification number: 631409144707 Russian armed forces personnel number: U-927425 Colonel Ramil Rakhmatulovich Ibatullin served in the Russian occupation troops in the Donbas region (2014-2017) and took part in Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine as commander of the 90th guards tank division. In March 2022, the division under his command took part in the offensive towards Chernihiv and Kyiv. During the offensive, members of his division committed acts of sexual and gender-based violence against the Ukrainian civilian population. After these facts became public, the Russian Ministry of Defense promoted Ibatullin to the rank of colonel. The Ukrainian authorities have charged several members of the 90th guards tank division with allegations of sexual and gender-based violence, including the rape of a pregnant woman near Kyiv, the murder of a civilian after repeatedly raping his wife in the presence of a young child, as well as the participation of members of this division in gang rapes. The scale and severity of acts of sexual and gender-based violence taking place in Russian-occupied areas of Ukraine speak to ‘planning on a more systematic level’ and Russian commanders being aware of sexual violence by military personnel in Ukraine and, in some cases, having ‘encouraged or even ordered it’. Ibatullin is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Ukraine, including systematic sexual and gender-based violence. 7.3.2023

Nationality: South Sudanese Gender: male Gatluak Nyang Hoth was the county commissioner for Mayiandit county (Unity State, South Sudan) from February 2021 until June 2024. In this position, he commanded government-aligned militias to carry out attacks in southern Unity State, between February and May 2022. During this period, troops under his command made widespread and systematic use of sexual violence as a war tactic and instrumentalised it as a reward and entitlement for men participating in the conflict. In his capacity as county commissioner, Gatluak Nyang Hoth is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in South Sudan, including systematic and widespread sexual and gender-based violence. 7.3.2023

a.k.a. Gordon Koang Char BIEL, Koang Biel CHAR, Koang NYALUALGO

Position(s): County commissioner for Koch county POB: South Sudan Nationality: South Sudanese Gender: male Gordon Koang Biel was the county commissioner for Koch county (Unity State, South Sudan) from February 2021 until November 2024. In this position, he commanded government-aligned militias to carry out attacks in southern Unity State, between February and May 2022. During this period, troops under his command made widespread and systematic use of sexual violence as a war tactic and instrumentalised it as a reward and entitlement for men participating in the conflict. In his capacity as county commissioner, Biel is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in South Sudan, including systematic and widespread sexual and gender-based violence. 7.3.2023

a.k.a. Toe YI

Position(s): Member of the Anti-Corruption Commission Rank: Major-General Nationality: Myanmar/Burma Gender: male Major-General Toe Ui is a member of the Anti-Corruption Commission of the military authorities in Myanmar. He was Deputy Minister of Home Affairs from 3 February 2023 until 2 February 2025. He is the former second-in-command of the Office of the Chief of Military Security Affairs (OCMSA). The OCMSA is responsible for the management of detention and interrogation centres in Myanmar/Burma and is also tasked with intelligence gathering. OCMSA staff under Ui’s authority use forced nudity, rape, electric shock, burning of genitalia and excessive violence during the arbitrary detention and interrogation of men, women and members of the LGBTIQ community. In his capacity as second in command of the OCMSA, Major-General Toe Ui is responsible for serious human rights violations in Myanmar/Burma, including arbitrary detentions and torture, as well as for systematic and widespread sexual and gender-based violence. 7.3.2023

Олег Михайлович СВИРИДЕНКО (Russian spelling) Position(s): Deputy Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation DOB: 29.7.1962 POB: Potapovka, Buda-Koshelyovsky district, Gomel region, Belarus Nationality: Russian Gender: male Individual Taxpayer Number: 772704610955 As Deputy Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation, Oleg Sviridenko directly oversees the Department of Legislation and Law Enforcement in the Sphere of Non-Commercial Organizations as well as the Department of National Interest Protection from External Influence, which are responsible for enforcing the ‘foreign agents’ legislation, including authority to decide on designations in the ‘Foreign Agents List’. The ‘foreign agents’ legislation has been at the centre of a wave of repressive laws cracking down on independent civil society, media as well as dissenting individuals, violating their freedom of opinion and expression. As a result, hundreds of NGOs and individuals, many prominent figures of Russian civil society and the Kremlin’s political opponents, including Vladimir Kara-Murza, have been included in the Foreign Agents List falling directly under Sviridenko’s responsibility within the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. Therefore, Sviridenko is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violations of freedom of opinion and expression. 5.6.2023

Андрей Андреевич ЗАДАЧИН (Russian spelling) Position(s): Investigator of the Major Investigative Unit at the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation; Major DOB: 22.8.1990 POB: Moscow, Russian Federation Nationality: Russian Gender: male Individual Taxpayer Number: 771577190559 Fiscal Registration Number: YBLWST14JJ39 In his position as Investigator of the Major Investigative Unit at the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, Andrei Zadachin issued a politically motivated criminal accusation against Vladimir Kara-Murza. Andrei Zadachin also asked the court that Vladimir Kara-Murza be detained and provided supporting testimony in court. Vladimir Kara-Murza is a prominent opposition activist in Russia. Politically motivated court proceedings based on false allegations started against him in 2022 after he accused the Kremlin of committing war crimes in Ukraine and publicly condemned Russian aggression. In April 2023, he was sentenced to 25 years in a high-security prison/labour camp. The court proceedings against him targeted his activism and served as a show trial in Russia to suppress voices critical of the ruling regime in voicing opposition to the war of aggression against Ukraine. The Russian regime is using the judiciary of the country as a widespread tool in numerous serious human rights violations. The justice system is not independent and is used to systematically and severely violate the human rights of individuals opposed to the ruling regime, by violating their freedom of opinion and expression. Therefore, Andrei Zadachin is responsible for serious human rights violations in Russia, including violations of freedom of opinion and expression. 5.6.2023