Legalize / European Union / Implementing Regulation

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/535 of 31 March 2021 laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards uniform procedures and technical specifications for the type-approval of vehicles, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles, as regards their general construction characteristics and safety (Text with EEA relevance)

Type Implementing Regulation

Publication 2021-04-06

Last updated 2025-01-01

State In force

Department European Commission, GROW

Source EUR-Lex

articles 14

Reform history JSON API

2.2.6.The capacity of the reservoir containing the liquid shall be ≥ 1,0 litre.

3.Test procedure

3.1.Windscreen wiper system test conditions.

3.1.1.The tests described below shall be carried out under the conditions as stated in points 3.1.2. to 3.1.5. unless specified otherwise.

3.1.2.The ambient temperature shall be between 5 °C and 40 °C.

3.1.3.The windscreen shall be kept constantly wet.

3.1.4.In the case of an electric windscreen wiper system, the following additional conditions shall be met.

3.1.4.1.All batteries shall be fully charged at the start of the test.

3.1.4.2.The engine, if fitted, shall run at a speed not exceeding 30 % of the speed corresponding to its maximum power output. However, where this is proven not to be practicable due to specific engine control strategies, for instance in the case of electric hybrid vehicles, a realistic scenario taking into account the engine speeds, periodical absence or complete absence of a running engine during normal driving conditions, shall be determined. Where the windscreen wiper system can meet the requirements without a running engine, the engine does not have to run.

3.1.4.3.The passing beam headlamps shall be switched on.

3.1.4.4.All fitted heating, ventilation, defrosting and demisting systems (regardless of the location in the vehicle) shall be operating at maximum electrical consumption.

3.1.5.Compressed air or vacuum operated windscreen wiper systems shall be able to function continuously at the prescribed sweep frequencies whatever the engine speed and engine load or minimum and maximum battery charge levels specified by the manufacturer for normal operation.

3.1.6.The sweep frequencies of the windscreen wiper system shall comply with the requirements of points 2.1.5. to 2.1.5.3. after a preliminary operating time of 20 minutes on a wet windshield.

3.1.7.The requirements of point 2.1.8. shall be considered to be satisfied when the wiper arms are restrained in a position corresponding to half a cycle, for a period of 15 seconds with the windscreen wiper control set at the maximum sweep frequency.

3.1.8.The outer face of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After drying, a solution of ammonia of not less than 3 % and not more than 10 % shall be applied. The surface shall be allowed to dry again and shall then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.

3.1.9.A coating of the test mixture, in accordance with the specifications as laid down in point 4., shall be applied uniformly to the outer surface of the windscreen and allowed to dry.

3.1.9.1.Where the outer face of the windscreen has been prepared in accordance with points 3.1.8. and 3.1.9., the windscreen washer system may be used during the applicable tests.

3.1.10.The wiper field of the windscreen wiper system, as referred to in point 2.1.4., shall be determined as follows.

3.1.10.1.The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated in accordance with points 3.1.8. and 3.1.9.

3.1.10.2.In order to verify that the requirements of points 2.1.2. and 2.1.3. are met, the windscreen wiper system shall be activated, taking into account point 3.1.9.1., and a trace of the wiper field shall be made and compared to a trace of the vision areas A and B.

3.1.10.3.The technical service may agree to an alternative test procedure (e.g. virtual testing) to verify that the requirements of points 2.1.2. and 2.1.3.

3.1.11.The requirements of point 2.1.11. shall be met at an ambient temperature of – 18 ± 3 °C at which the vehicle has been stored for minimum four hours. The vehicle shall be prepared to operate under the conditions set out in points 3.1.4. and 3.1.5. During the test, the wiper system shall be operating normally, but at the maximum sweep frequency. The wiper field does not have to be observed.

3.2.Windscreen washer system test conditions.

3.2.1.Test No. 1 The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C for a minimum of four hours. The water shall be stabilized at that temperature.

3.2.1.1.All nozzle outlets shall be plugged at the location where the fluid exits those outlets and the windscreen washer control shall be actuated six times in one minute, each time for at least three seconds. However, where plugging is technically not feasible where the fluid exits, it can be performed inside the nozzle outlet(s).

3.2.1.1.1.Where the windscreen washer system is powered by the muscular energy of the driver, the force applied shall be 11,0 to 13,5 daN in case of a hand operated pump. The force applied shall be 40,0 to 44,5 daN in case of a foot operated pump.

3.2.1.1.2.In case of electric pumps, the test voltage shall not be less than the rated voltage and not more than the rated voltage plus 2 Volt.

3.2.1.2.The performance of the windscreen washer system at the end of the test shall be in compliance with point 2.2.3.

3.2.2.Test No. 2 The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of – 18 ± 3 °C for a minimum of four hours. The water does not have to be stabilized at this temperature.

3.2.2.1.The windscreen washer control shall be actuated six times in one minute, each time for at least three seconds, in accordance with points 3.2.1.1.1. and 3.2.1.1.2. The system shall then be placed in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C until the ice has completely thawed. The water does not have to be stabilized at this temperature. The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 3.2.1.1. and 3.2.1.2.

3.2.3.Test No. 3 Low temperature cycle exposure test

3.2.3.1.The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of – 18 ± 3 °C for a minimum of four hours so that the total mass of the water in the washer system is frozen. The system shall then be placed in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C until the ice has completely thawed, but in any case no longer than four hours. This freeze/thaw cycle shall be repeated six times. Finally, when the windscreen washer system is placed in the ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C and the ice has completely thawed, although the water does not have to be stabilized at this temperature, the performance of the windscreen washer system shall be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 3.2.1.1. and 3.2.1.2.

3.2.3.2.The windscreen washer system shall be filled and fully primed with a low-temperature windscreen washer fluid consisting of a 50 % solution of methanol, or alternatively isopropyl alcohol, in water with a hardness not exceeding 205 mg/l (Ca). The system shall be placed in an ambient temperature of – 18 ± 3 °C for a minimum of four hours. The fluid does not have to be stabilized at this temperature. The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 3.2.1.1. and 3.2.1.2.

3.2.4.Test No. 4 High temperature cycle exposure test

3.2.4.1.If any part of the windscreen washer system is situated in the engine compartment, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 80 ± 3 °C for a minimum of eight hours. The water does not have to be stabilized at this temperature. The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 3.2.1.1. and 3.2.1.2.

3.2.4.2.If no part of the windscreen washer system is situated in the engine compartment, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 80 ± 3 °C for a minimum of eight hours. The water does not have to be stabilized at this temperature. Subsequently, the system is placed in an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C. When the temperature of the water has stabilized, the performance of the windscreen washer system shall be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 3.2.1.1. and 3.2.1.2. After this, the system shall be filled with water, fully primed, and placed in an ambient temperature of 60 ± 3 °C for a minimum of eight hours. The water does not have to be stabilized at this temperature. The performance of the windscreen washer system shall then be verified by actuating the system in accordance with points 3.2.1.1. and 3.2.1.2. Alternatively, the manufacturer may request that the windscreen washer system is tested under the conditions set out in point 3.2.4.1.

3.2.5.The windscreen washer tests as set out in points 3.2.1. to 3.2.4.2. shall be carried out in sequence on the same windscreen washer system. The system may be either tested as installed on the vehicle type for which EU type-approval is sought, or separately. In case EU type-approval is sought for a separate technical unit, the system shall be tested separately.

3.2.6.Test No. 5 Windscreen washer system capability test

3.2.6.1.The windscreen washer system shall be filled with water and fully primed. With the vehicle stationary and no significant wind effect, the nozzle(s) may be adjusted as to being pointed towards the target area on the outer face of the windscreen.

3.2.6.2.The outer face of the windscreen shall be treated as set out in points 3.1.8. and 3.1.9.

3.2.6.3.The windscreen washer system shall be actuated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, taking into account points 3.2.1.1.1. and 3.2.1.1.2. The total duration of the test shall not exceed 10 complete cycles of automatic operation of the windscreen wiper system operating at the maximum sweep frequency.

3.2.6.4.In order to verify that the requirements of point 2.2.4. are met, a trace of the relevant cleaned area shall be made and compared to a trace of vision area A. If it is obvious to the observer that the requirements are met, it is not required that the traces are prepared.

3.2.7.The test as set out in points 3.2.6. to 3.2.6.4. shall always be performed on the vehicle type for which EU type-approval is sought, even in the case when an approved separate technical unit is installed on the vehicle.

4.Specifications of the test mixture for testing the windscreen wiper and washer systems.

4.1.The test mixture referred to in point 3.1.9. shall consist of the following:

4.1.1.Water, with a hardness of less than 205 mg/l (Ca): 92,5 % by volume.

4.1.2.Aqueous saturated salt (sodium chloride), solution: 5,0 % by volume.

4.1.3.Dust, in accordance with the specifications of points 4.1.3.1. to 4.1.3.2.6. below: 2,5 % by volume.

4.1.3.1.Specifications of the test dust analysis

4.1.3.1.1.68 ± 1 % SiO2 by mass

4.1.3.1.2.4 ± 1 % Fe2O3 by mass

4.1.3.1.3.16 ± 1 % Al2O3 by mass

4.1.3.1.4.3 ± 1 % CaO by mass

4.1.3.1.5.1,0 ± 0,5 % MgO by mass

4.1.3.1.6.4 ± 1 % Alkalis by mass

4.1.3.1.7.2,5 ± 0,5 % Ignition loss by mass

4.1.3.2.Specifications of the particle-size distribution in course-grade dust

4.1.3.2.1.12 ± 2 % of 0 to 5 μm particle-size

4.1.3.2.2.12 ± 3 % of 5 to 10 μm particle-size

4.1.3.2.3.14 ± 3 % of 10 to 20 μm particle-size

4.1.3.2.4.23 ± 3 % of 20 to 40 μm particle-size

4.1.3.2.5.30 ± 3 % of 40 to 80 μm particle-size

4.1.3.2.6.9 ± 3 % of 80 to 200 μm particle-size

PART 3

Section A

EU TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (VEHICLE SYSTEM)

Communication concerning granting / extension / refusal / withdrawal ([^E0008]) of type-approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the windscreen wiper and washer systems, in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2021/535, as last amended by Regulation (EU) No …/…

Number of the EU type-approval certificate:

Reason for extension / refusal / withdrawal (8) :

SECTION I

(To be completed in accordance with Section I of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

SECTION II

(To be completed in accordance with Section II of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

Addendum

to EU type-approval certificate number…

1.Additional information:

1.1.Brief description of the vehicle type as regards its structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials:

1.2.Description of the method of operation of the wiper and washing systems:

1.3.Detailed description of the wiper system (i.e. number of blades, blade lengths, wiper arm dimensions, etc.):

1.4.Detailed description of the washer system (i.e. number of nozzles, number of outlet ports per nozzle, washer pump, fluid storage container, washer line hoses and their mounting to pump and nozzles, etc.)

1.5.Fluid storage capacity (litre):

1.6.Maximum vehicle design speed (km/h):

2.Hand of drive: left / right (²)

3.Left hand drive and mirror-opposite right hand drive systems: yes / no (²)

4.Aerodynamic spoiler fitted onto the wiper arm / wiper blade (²) at driver side / centre / passenger side / … (²)

5.Remarks:

Section B

EU TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT)

Communication concerning granting / extension / refusal / withdrawal ([^E0009]) of type-approval of a STU with regard to type of windscreen washer systems in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex IV to Regulation (EU) 2021/535, as last amended by Regulation (EU) No …/…

Number of the EU type-approval certificate:

Reason for extension / refusal / withdrawal (9) :

SECTION I

(To be completed in accordance with Section I of the template of Model C in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

SECTION II

(To be completed in accordance with Section II of the template of Model C in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

Addendum

to EU type-approval certificate number …

1.Additional information:

1.1.Brief description of the type of separate technical unit:

1.2.Detailed description of the washer system:

1.2.1.Number of nozzles:

1.2.2.Number of outlet ports per nozzle:

1.2.3.Description of washer line hoses and its mounting to pump and nozzles:

1.2.4.Description of washer pump:

1.2.5.Fluid storage capacity (litre):

2.Suitable for hand of drive: left / right (³)

3.Any part of the system may be situated in the engine compartment: yes / no (³)

4.Separate technical unit: universal / vehicle specific (³)

5.Remarks:

6.List of vehicle types for which the separate technical unit has been approved (where applicable):

Section C

EU TYPE-APPROVAL MARK OF SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT

1.The EU type-approval mark for separate technical units referred to in Article 38(2) of Regulation (EU) 2018/858 shall consist of the following:

1.1.A rectangle surrounding the lower-case letter ‘e’, followed by the distinguishing number of the Member State which has granted the EU type-approval for the component or separate technical unit in accordance with the following:


1	for Germany
2	for France
3	for Italy
4	for the Netherlands
5	for Sweden
6	for Belgium
7	for Hungary
8	for the Czech Republic
9	for Spain

13	for Luxembourg
12	for Austria
17	for Finland
18	for Denmark
19	for Romania
20	for Poland
21	for Portugal
23	for Greece
24	for Ireland
25	for Croatia
26	for Slovenia
27	for Slovakia
29	for Estonia
32	for Latvia
34	for Bulgaria
36	for Lithuania
49	for Cyprus
50	for Malta

1.2.In the vicinity of the rectangle, two digits indicating the series of amendments laying down the requirements with which this separate technical units complies, ‘00’ at present, followed by a space and the five-digit number referred to in point 2.4. of Annex IV of Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

2.The EU type-approval mark of the separate technical units shall be indelible and clearly legible.

3.An example of an EU separate technical unit type-approval mark is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1

Example of EU separate technical unit type-approval mark

Image omitted; see official source

Explanatory note:

LegendThe EU separate technical unit type-approval was issued by the Netherlands under number 00406. The first two digits ‘00’ indicate that the separate technical unit was approved in accordance with this Regulation.

ANNEX V

WHEEL GUARDS

PART 1 Information document for EU type-approval of vehicles with regard to wheel guards

MODEL

Information document No … relating to the EU type-approval of a vehicle with regard to wheel guards.

The following information shall be supplied in triplicate and include a list of contents. Any drawings or pictures shall be supplied in appropriate scale and in sufficient detail on size A4 or on a folder of A4 format. Photographs, if any, shall show sufficient detail.

0.1.

0.2.

0.2.1.

0.3.

0.3.1.

0.4.

0.5.

0.8.

0.9.

1.1.

1.3.

1.3.2.

1.3.3.

2.3.

2.3.1.

2.3.2.

2.3.3.

2.3.4.

2.4.

2.4.1.

2.4.1.2.

2.4.1.3.

2.4.2.

2.4.2.2.

2.4.2.3.

2.6.

6.2.1.

6.6.

6.6.1.

6.6.1.1.

6.6.1.1.1.

6.6.1.1.2.

etc.

6.6.4.

9.16.

9.16.1.

9.16.2.

Explanatory notes:

This information document is based on the template laid down in Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683 and shall be completed with the relevant information under the point numbers listed above as defined in that template.

PART 2 Technical specifications

1.For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions shall apply:

1.1.‘tyre envelope’ means the maximum section width and outer-diameter of a tyre, including tolerances, as permitted and specified according to its component approval;

1.2.‘snow traction device’ means a snow chain or other equivalent device providing traction in snow, which shall be able to be mounted onto the vehicle's tyre/wheel combination and which is not a snow tyre, winter tyre, all-season tyre or any other tyre by itself.

2.Technical requirements

2.1.General provisions

2.1.1.The vehicle shall be provided with a wheel guard for each wheel.

2.1.2.The wheel guard may consist of parts of the bodywork or separate mudguards and shall be so designed as to protect road users, as far as possible, against thrown-up stones, mud, ice, snow and water and to reduce the dangers due to contact with rotating wheels.

2.2.Specific requirements

2.2.1.The wheel guards shall meet the requirements from point 2.2.1.1. to 2.2.1.4. with the vehicle's mass adjusted to that of the manufacturer's declared mass in running order with one additional passenger on the first seating row, if applicable, and any steered wheels in the straight ahead position.

2.2.1.1.In the part formed by radial planes at an angle of 30^o towards the front and 50^o towards the rear of the centre of the wheels (see Figure 1), the overall width (q) of the wheel guard shall be at least sufficient to cover the total tyre width (b) taking into account the tyre envelope as well as the extremes of the tyre/wheel combination(s) as specified by the manufacturer. In the case of twin wheels, the tyre envelopes and total width over the two tyres (t) shall be taken into account.

2.2.1.1.1.For the purposes of determining the widths referred to in point 2.2.1.1., the labelling (marking) and decorations, protective bands or ribs on tyre walls shall not be taken into account.

2.2.1.2.The rear of the wheel guard shall not terminate above a horizontal plane 150 mm above the axis of rotation of the wheels, furthermore:

2.2.1.2.1.In case of single wheels, the intersection of the rear edge of the wheel guard with the horizontal plane as referred to in point 2.2.1.2. (see Figure 1, point A) shall lie outwards of the median longitudinal plane of the tyre.

2.2.1.2.2.In the case of twin wheels, the intersection of the rear edge of the wheel guard with the horizontal plane as referred to in point 2.2.1.2. (see Figure 1, point A) at the outside wheel shall lie outwards of the median longitudinal plane of the outermost tyre.

2.2.1.3.The contour and location of each wheel guard shall be such that they are as close to the tyres as possible. In particular within the part formed by the radial planes referred to in point 2.2.1.1., the following requirements shall be satisfied:

2.2.1.3.1.The depth (p) of the recess situated in the vertical plane of the tyre axis, measured from the outward and inward edges of the wheel guard at the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the centre of the tyre inside the wheel guard, shall be at least 30 mm. That depth (p) may be reduced progressively to zero towards the radial planes specified in point 2.2.1.1.

2.2.1.3.2.The distance (c) between the lower edges of the wheel guard and the axis passing through the centre of rotation of the wheels shall not exceed 2 × r, where the radius (r) is the static radius of the tyre.

2.2.1.4.In the case of vehicles having an adjustable suspension height, the requirements in points 2.2.1.3.1. and 2.2.1.3.2. shall be met when the vehicle is in the normal running position as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

2.2.2.The wheel guards may consist of several components, provided that no gaps exist between or within the individual parts when assembled.

2.2.3.The wheel guards shall be firmly attached. However, it is allowed for them to be detachable either as a unit or in parts.

2.3.Use of snow traction devices

2.3.1.In the case of vehicles where only two wheels are driven, the manufacturer shall certify that the vehicle is so designed that at least one type of snow traction device can be used on at least one of the tyre and wheel combinations approved for the driven axle of the vehicle. The snow traction device and tyre/wheel combination(s) suitable for the vehicle type shall be specified by the manufacturer under item 6.6.4. of the information document.

2.3.2.In the case of vehicles where all wheels are driven, including vehicles where drive axles can be disengaged either manually or automatically, the manufacturer shall certify that the vehicle is so designed that at least one type of snow traction device can be used on at least one of the tyre and wheel combinations approved for the driven axle, which cannot be disengaged, of the vehicle. The snow traction device and tyre/wheel combination(s) suitable for the vehicle type shall be specified by the manufacturer under item 6.6.4. of the information document.

2.3.3.The vehicle manufacturer shall include relevant instructions regarding the correct use of the specified snow traction devices in the motor vehicle’s user instructions (e.g. owner’s manual, vehicle handbook).

Figure 1

Diagram of wheel guard

Image omitted; see official source

Explanatory note:

(¹)The tyre width (b) is determined at the top part of the tyre (tyre section width between the radial planes as referred to in point 2.2.1.1.).

PART 3 EU TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (VEHICLE SYSTEM)

Communication concerning granting / extension / refusal / withdrawal ([^E0010]) of type-approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the wheel guards in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2021/535, as last amended by Regulation (EU) No …/…

Number of the EU type-approval certificate:

Reason for extension / refusal / withdrawal (10) :

SECTION I

(To be completed in accordance with Section I of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

SECTION II

(To be completed in accordance with Section II of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

Addendum

to EU type-approval certificate number …

1.Additional information:

1.1.Brief description of the vehicle type as regards its structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials:

1.2.Description of the wheel guards:

1.3.Tyre/wheel combination(s) (including tyre size, rim size and wheel off-set):

1.4.Description of the type of snow traction device(s) which may be used:

1.5.Tyre/wheel combination(s) (including tyre size, rim size and wheel off-set) to be used with the snow traction device(s):

2.Permanently driven axle(s): axle 1 / axle 2 / … (¹)

3.Suspension height adjustable: yes / no (¹)

4.Wheel guards detachable / not detachable (¹) as a unit / in parts (¹)

5.Remarks:

ANNEX VI

WINDSCREEN DEFROSTING AND DEMISTING SYSTEMS

PART 1 Information document for EU type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to windscreen defrosting and demisting systems

MODEL

Information document No … relating to the EU type-approval of a motor vehicle with regard to windscreen defrosting and demisting systems.

0.1.

0.2.

0.2.1.

0.3.

0.3.1

0.4.

0.5.

0.8.

0.9.

1.1.

1.6.

1.8.

3.1.

3.1.1.

3.2.

3.2.1.

3.2.1.1.

3.2.1.2.

3.2.1.3.

3.2.1.6.

3.2.1.8.

3.2.2.

3.2.2.1.

3.2.5.

3.2.5.1.

3.2.5.2.

3.2.5.2.1.

3.2.5.2.2.

3.2.7.

3.2.7.1.

3.2.7.2.

3.2.7.2.1.

3.2.7.2.2.

3.2.7.2.3.

3.2.7.2.3.1.

3.2.7.2.3.2.

3.2.7.2.4.

3.2.7.2.5.

3.2.7.3.

3.2.7.3.1.

3.2.7.3.2.

3.2.7.3.2.1.

3.2.7.3.2.2.

3.3.

3.3.1.

3.3.1.1.1.

3.3.1.2.

3.3.2.

3.3.2.1.

3.3.2.2.

3.3.2.3.

3.3.2.4.

3.4.

3.4.1.

3.4.2.

3.4.3.

3.4.3.1.

3.4.3.1.1.

3.4.3.1.2.

3.4.3.1.3.

3.4.4.

3.4.4.1.

3.4.4.2.

3.4.4.3.

3.4.4.4.

3.4.4.5.

3.4.4.6.

3.6.

3.6.1.

3.6.1.1.

3.6.1.2.

3.6.1.2.1.

3.6.1.2.2.

3.6.2.

3.6.3.

9.1.

9.2.

9.3.

9.3.1.

9.4.

9.4.1.

9.4.2.

9.5.

9.5.1.

9.5.1.1.

9.5.1.2.

9.5.1.3.

9.5.1.4.

9.5.1.5.

9.6.

9.6.1.

9.7.

9.7.1.

9.8.

9.8.1.

9.8.2.

9.10.

9.10.1.

9.10.1.1.

9.10.1.3.

9.10.3.

9.10.3.1.

9.10.3.1.1.

9.10.3.5.

9.10.3.5.1.

9.10.3.6.

9.10.3.6.1.

Explanatory notes:

PART 2 Technical specifications

1. For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions shall apply:

1.1.‘defrosted area’ means the area of the windscreen having a dry outside surface or an outside surface covered with melted or partially melted wet frost which can be removed by the vehicle's windscreen wiper system;

1.2.‘mist’ means a film of condensate on the inside face of the glazed surface of the windscreen;

1.3.‘demisted area’ means the area of the windscreen having a dry inside surface, without any drops or traces of water, after previously being covered by mist;

1.4.‘vision area A’ means test area A as defined in paragraph 2.2. of Annex 21 to UN Regulation 43;

1.5.‘vision area B’ means reduced test area B as defined in paragraph 2.4. of Annex 21 to UN Regulation 43, without the exclusion of the area defined in paragraph 2.4.1. (i.e. vision area A is included);

1.6.‘vehicle master control switch’ means the device by which the vehicle's on-board electronics system is brought from being switched off, as is the case when a vehicle is parked without the driver being present, to normal operation mode;

2. Technical requirements

2.1. Windscreen defrosting

2.1.1.Every vehicle that is fitted with a windscreen shall be equipped with a system for removing frost and ice from the exterior glazed surface of the windscreen. The windscreen defrosting system shall be effective enough to ensure adequate visibility through the windscreen in cold weather.

2.1.2.The efficiency of the system shall be verified by determining the defrosted area of the windscreen periodically after starting, the vehicle having been kept in a cold chamber for a certain amount of time.

2.1.3.The requirements of points 2.1.1. and 2.1.2. shall be checked using the method set out in point 3.1.

2.1.4.The following requirements shall be satisfied:

2.1.4.1.20 minutes after the start of the test period, vision area A shall be 80 % defrosted;

2.1.4.2.25 minutes after the start of the test period, the defrosted area of the windscreen on the passenger side shall be comparable to the area referred to in point 2.1.4.1. for the driver’s side;

2.1.4.3.40 minutes after the start of the test period, vision area B shall be 95 % defrosted.

2.2. Windscreen demisting

2.2.1.Every vehicle that is fitted with a windscreen shall be equipped with a system for removing mist from the interior glazed surface of the windscreen.

2.2.2.The demisting system shall be effective enough to restore visibility through the windscreen in case it is fogged up with mist. Its efficiency shall be verified in accordance with the procedure described in point 3.2.

2.2.3.The following requirements shall be satisfied:

2.2.3.1.Vision area A shall be 90 % demisted in 10 minutes;

2.2.3.2.Vision area B shall be 80 % demisted in 10 minutes.

3. Test procedures

3.1. Windscreen defrosting

3.1.1.The test shall be carried out at a temperature of – 8 ± 2 °C or – 18 ± 3 °C, as selected by the manufacturer.

3.1.1.1.The test shall be carried out in a cold chamber large enough to contain the complete vehicle and equipped to maintain one of the temperatures mentioned in point 3.1.1. in the chamber throughout the test and to circulate cold air. The cold chamber shall be maintained at or below the specified test temperature for not less than 24 hours before the start of the period during which the vehicle is exposed to cold. However, where it is possible to check whether the cold chamber’s temperature, measured at representative positions such as the air outlet or the walls, is stabilised at the specified test temperature, the period of 24 hours may be shortened.

3.1.2.Before the vehicle is placed in the test chamber, the inner and outer surfaces of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After drying, a solution of ammonia of maximum 2 % or a commercial ammonia solution, with no addictive fragrances added, shall be applied. The surfaces shall be allowed to dry again and then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.

3.1.3.The vehicle shall be switched off and shall be kept at the test temperature for not less than 10 hours prior to commencement of the test.

3.1.3.1.Where it is possible to check whether the vehicle's engine coolant and lubricant are stabilized at the test temperature, the period referred to in point 3.1.3. may be shortened.

3.1.4.Following the exposure period prescribed in point 3.1.3., an even layer of ice of 0,044 g/cm² shall be applied over the entire outside surface of the windscreen by means of a water spray gun working at 3,5 ± 0,2 bar operating pressure.

3.1.4.1.The spray nozzle, adjusted to full fan pattern and maximum flow, shall be held perpendicular to and at a distance of between 200 and 250 mm from the glazed surface, and so directed as to form an even layer of ice right across the windscreen from one side to the other.

3.1.4.1.1.A spray gun having a nozzle of 1,7 mm diameter and a liquid flow rate of 0,395 l/min, and capable of producing a fan pattern of 300 mm diameter on the glazed surface at a distance 200 mm from that surface, may be used to satisfy the requirements of point 3.1.5. Any other device by which the requirements can be satisfied shall also be permitted.

3.1.5.After the ice has been formed on the windscreen, the vehicle shall be kept in the cold chamber for an additional period of not less than 30 minutes and not more than 40 minutes.

3.1.6.After the period referred to in point 3.1.5. has elapsed, one or two observers shall enter the vehicle, subsequently the vehicle master operation control may be switched to the on position and any engine can be started, if necessary by some external means. The test period shall commence as soon as the vehicle master control switch has been activated.

3.1.6.1.If the vehicle is fitted with an engine, the engine speeds may be adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer's specification recommended for warming up when starting in cold weather, during the first five minutes of the test period.

3.1.6.2.During the final 35 minutes of the test period (or during the entire test period if the five-minute warming-up procedure is not followed) the following shall apply:

3.1.6.2.1.The engine, if fitted, shall run at a speed not exceeding 50% of the speed corresponding to its maximum power output. However, if this is proven not to be practicable due to specific engine control strategies, for instance in the case of electric hybrid vehicles, a realistic worst case scenario shall be determined. The scenario shall take into account the engine speeds, periodical absence or complete absence of a running engine during normal driving conditions at an ambient temperature of – 8 °C or – 18 °C, whichever has been selected by the manufacturer as the designated test temperature. If the system can meet the defrosting requirements without a running engine, the engine does not have to run at all.

3.1.6.3.All batteries shall be fully charged at the start of the test. However, high voltage batteries of vehicles with an electric powertrain shall be charged > 60 %.

3.1.6.5.The temperature in the test chamber shall be measured at the level of the windscreen, at a point not significantly affected by heat from the vehicle under test.

3.1.6.6.The horizontal component of the speed of the air cooling the chamber, measured immediately prior to the test, in the median plane of the vehicle at a point 300 mm forward of the base of the windscreen and at a level half-way between the base and the top of the windscreen, shall be as low as possible and in any event less than 8 km/h.

3.1.6.7.If fitted, the engine bonnet, roof, all doors, windows and vents, except the intakes and outlets of the heating and ventilating system, shall be closed; one or two windows may be opened for a total vertical distance of 25 mm if the vehicle manufacturer so requests.

3.1.7.8.The vehicle's defrosting system controls shall be set as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer for the test temperature.

3.1.6.9.The windscreen wipers may be used during the test, but this shall be done without any manual assistance apart from the operation of any controls in the interior of the vehicle.

3.1.7.The observer(s) shall outline the defrosted area on the inside surface of the windscreen, at five-minute intervals from the start of the test period.

3.1.8.On completion of the test, the pattern of the defrosted area outlined on the inner face of the windscreen as required by point 3.1.7. shall be noted and marked to identify windscreen vision areas A and B.

3.2. Windscreen demisting

3.2.1.Before the vehicle is placed in the test chamber, the inner and outer surfaces of the windscreen shall be thoroughly degreased by means of methylated spirit or an equivalent degreasing agent. After drying, a solution of ammonia of maximum 2 % or a commercial ammonia solution, with no addictive fragrances added, shall be applied. The surfaces shall be allowed to dry again and then be wiped with a dry cotton cloth.

3.2.2.The test shall be carried out in an environmental chamber large enough to take the complete vehicle and capable of producing and maintaining a test temperature of – 3 ± 1 °C throughout the test period.

3.2.2.1.The temperature in the test chamber shall be measured at the level of the windscreen, at a point not significantly affected by heat from the vehicle under test.

3.2.2.2.The horizontal component of the speed of the air cooling the chamber, measured immediately prior to the test, in the median plane of the vehicle at a point 300 mm forward of the base of the windscreen and at a level half-way between the base and the top of the windscreen, shall be as low as possible and in any event less than 8 km/h.

3.2.2.3.If fitted, the engine bonnet, roof, all doors, windows and vents, except the intakes and outlets of the heating and ventilation system, shall be closed; one or two windows may be opened from the beginning of the demisting test for a total vertical distance of 25 mm if the vehicle manufacturer so requests.

3.2.3.The mist shall be produced by means of the steam generator described in point 4. The generator shall contain enough water to generate at least 70 ± 5 g/h of steam for each seating position designated by the manufacturer, in an ambient temperature of – 3 °C.

3.2.4.The inner surface of the windscreen shall be cleaned as set out in point 3.2.1 before the vehicle is placed in the environmental chamber. The ambient air temperature shall then be lowered and stabilized at – 3 ± 1 °C. The vehicle shall be switched off and shall be kept at the test temperature for not less than 10 hours prior to commencement of the test. However, where it is possible to check whether the vehicle’s engine coolant and lubricant are stabilized at the specified test temperature, the period of 10 hours may be shortened.

3.2.5.The steam generator shall be placed with its outlets in the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle in the second row of vehicle seats. It shall normally be placed behind the front seats. Where the design of the vehicle precludes this, the generator shall be placed in front of the backrests, in the nearest convenient position to that mentioned above.

3.2.6.After the generator has been operating for five minutes inside the vehicle, one or two observers shall quickly enter the vehicle, opening any access doors for a total duration not exceeding 8 seconds, and be seated on the front seating position(s), the output of the generator being then reduced by 70 ± 5 g/h for each observer.

3.2.7.One minute after the observer(s) have entered the vehicle, the vehicle master operation control may be switched to the on position and any engine can be started, if necessary by some external means. The test period shall commence as soon as the vehicle master control switch has been activated.

3.2.7.1.Where the vehicle is fitted with an engine, it shall run at a speed not exceeding 50% of the speed corresponding to its maximum power output. However, if this is proven not to be practicable due to specific engine control strategies, for instance in the case of electric hybrid vehicles, a realistic worst case scenario shall be determined. The scenario shall take into account the engine speeds, periodical absence or complete absence of a running engine during normal driving conditions at an ambient temperature of – 1 °C. If the system can meet the demisting requirements without a running engine, the engine does not have to run at all.

3.2.7.2.The vehicle's demisting system controls shall be set as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer for the test temperature.

3.2.7.3.All batteries shall be fully charged at the start of the test. However, high voltage batteries of vehicles with an electric powertrain shall be charged > 60 %.

3.2.8.At the end of the test, the demist pattern shall be recorded, noted and marked to identify windscreen vision areas A and B.

4. Characteristics of the steam generator.

4.1.The steam generator used for the test shall have the following general characteristics:

4.1.1.The water container shall have a capacity of at least 2,25 litres.

4.1.2.The heat loss at boiling point shall not exceed 75 W in an ambient temperature of – 3 ± 1 °C.

4.1.3.The fan shall have a capacity of 0,07 to 0,10 m³/min at 0,5 mbar static pressure.

4.1.4.Six steam outlet holes shall be positioned at the top of the generator, around the perimeter spaced at equal distances (see Figure 1)

4.1.5.The generator shall be calibrated at – 3 ± 1 °C to give reading for each 70 ± 5 g/h output up to a maximum of n times this figure, where n is the maximum number of seating positions designated by the manufacturer.

Figure 1

Diagram of steam generator

Image omitted; see official source

4.2.The specified parts shall have the following dimensional and material characteristics:

4.2.1.Nozzle

4.2.1.1.Dimensions:

4.2.1.1.1.Length 100 mm.

4.2.1.1.2.Inside diameter 15 mm.

4.2.1.2.Material:

4.2.1.2.1.Brass.

4.2.2.Dispersion chamber

4.2.2.1.Dimensions:

4.2.2.1.1.Pipe outside diameter 75 mm.

4.2.2.1.2.Wall thickness 0,38 mm.

4.2.2.1.3.Length 115 mm.

4.2.2.1.4.Six evenly spaced holes of 6,3 mm in diameter, 25 mm above the bottom of the dispersion chamber.

4.2.2.2.Material:

4.2.2.2.1.Brass.

PART 3 EU TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (VEHICLE SYSTEM)

Communication concerning granting / extension / refusal / withdrawal ([^E0011]) of type-approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the windscreen defrosting and demisting system in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex VI to Regulation (EU) 2021/535, as last amended by Regulation (EU) No …/…

Number of the EU type-approval certificate:

Reason for extension / refusal / withdrawal (11) :

SECTION I

(To be completed in accordance with Section I of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

SECTION II

(To be completed in accordance with Section II of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

Addendum

to the EU type-approval certificate number …

1.Additional information:

1.1.Brief description of the vehicle type as regards its structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials:

1.2.Description of the defrosting and demisting systems:

1.3.Description of the interior arrangements or fittings that might affect the tests:

1.4.Maximum number of seating positions:

1.5.Characteristics of the windscreen:

thickness of component parts (mm):

1.6.Rated voltage of the electrical installation (V):

2.Hand of drive: left / right (¹)

3.Power plant: positive ignition / compression ignition / electric / hybrid electric / (¹)

4.Defrost test temperature: – 8 °C / – 18 °C (¹)

5.Remarks:

ANNEX VII

TOWING DEVICES

PART 1 Information document for EU type-approval of motor vehicles with regard to towing devices

MODEL

Information document No … relating to the EU type-approval of a motor vehicle with regard to towing devices.

0.1.

0.2.

0.2.1.

0.3.

0.3.1.

0.4.

0.5.

0.8.

0.9.

1.1.

2.8.

2.11.5.

12.

12.3.

12.3.1.

12.3.2.

12.3.3.

Explanatory notes:

PART 2 Technical specifications

1. Technical requirements

1.1. Minimum number of devices.

1.1.1.All motor vehicles shall have a towing device fitted at the front.

1.1.2.Vehicles in category M1, as defined in Part A of Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, except for those vehicles not suitable for towing any load, shall also be fitted with a towing device at the rear.

1.1.3.A rear towing device may be substituted by a mechanical coupling device, as set out in UN Regulation No 55, provided that the requirements in point 1.2.1. are met.

1.2. Load and stability

1.2.1.Each towing device fitted to the vehicle shall be able to withstand a tractive and compressive static force equivalent to the force of gravity acting on at least half the technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle.

1.3. Towing capability

1.3.1.In order to allow for a stranded motor vehicle to be removed from the road, rolling on its own wheels, it shall be possible to tow the vehicle or to put it in a towing-capable mode, with the vehicle’s key present and without the use of special tools or disassembly of parts, which are not designed for that purpose, following the procedure indicated by the manufacturer in the motor-vehicle’s user instructions. The manufacturer may restrict the towing conditions in the user instructions in terms of towable speed and distance in view to avoid irreversible damage, however, this shall allow a minimum towing distance of 100 m in less than 10 minutes.

In case of motor vehicles of category M1 or N1, whose wheels are directly driven by electric motors, the manufacturer shall provide instructions in the vehicle’s user manual to allow roadside assistance services to remove the vehicle with special tools if rotation of the wheels of the vehicle while towing is not possible.

This requirement does not apply where the motor vehicle is damaged to such an extent that towing on its own wheels is physically not possible or would be unsafe or where due to a technical defect, the vehicle master control switch cannot be activated.

2. Test procedure

2.1.Both tractive and compressive test loads shall be applied on each separate towing device fitted to the vehicle.

2.2.The test loads shall be applied in horizontal longitudinal direction, in relation to the vehicle.

PART 3 EU TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (VEHICLE SYSTEM)

Communication concerning granting / extension / refusal / withdrawal ([^E0012]) of type-approval of a type of vehicle with regard to the towing devices in accordance with the requirements laid down in Annex VII to Regulation (EU) 2021/535, as last amended by Regulation (EU) No …/…

Number of the EU type-approval certificate:

Reason for extension / refusal / withdrawal (12) :

SECTION I

(To be completed in accordance with Section I of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

SECTION II

(To be completed in accordance with Section II of the template of Model B in Annex III to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683)

Addendum

to EU type-approval certificate Number…

1.Additional information:

1.1.Brief description of the vehicle type as regards its structure, dimensions, lines and constituent materials:

1.2.Total number and location of towing device(s):

1.3.Method of attachment to the vehicle:

1.4.Technically permissible maximum laden mass of the vehicle (kg):

2.Front towing device(s): removable / not removable (¹) hook / eye / other (¹)

3.Rear towing device(s): removable / not removable (¹) hook / eye / other / none (¹)

4.Vehicle is / is not (¹) suitable for towing loads

5.Remarks:

ANNEX VIII

SPRAY SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

PART 1

Section A

Information document for EU type-approval of vehicles with regard to spray suppression systems

MODEL

Information document No … relating to the EU type-approval of a vehicle with regard to its spray suppression systems.

0.1

0.2.

0.2.1.

0.3.

0.3.1.

0.4.

0.5.

0.8.

0.9.

1.1.

1.3.

1.3.1.

1.3.2.

2.1.

2.6.

2.6.1.

2.8.

9.20.

9.20.0.

9.20.1.

9.20.2.

9.20.3.

Explanatory notes:

Section B

Information document for EU type-approval of a type of separate technical unit with regard to spray suppression systems

MODEL

Information document No … relating to the EU separate technical unit type-approval of a spray suppression system.

Where systems, components or separate technical units, referred to in this information document, have electronic controls, information concerning their performance shall be provided.

0.1.

0.2.

0.5.

0.7.

0.8.

0.9.

1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

Explanatory notes:

PART 2 Technical specifications

1. For the purposes of this Annex, the following definitions shall apply:

1.1.‘mudguard’ means a rigid or semi-rigid component intended to trap the water thrown up by tyres in motion and to direct it towards the ground and which may entirely or partially form an integral part of the vehicle bodywork or other parts of the vehicle such as the lower part of the load platform;

1.2.‘rain flap’ means a flexible component mounted vertically behind the wheel, on the lower part of the chassis or the loading surface, or on the mudguard and which reduces the risk of small objects, in particular pebbles, being picked up from the ground by the tyres and thrown upwards or sideward towards other road users;

1.3.‘air/water separator’ means a component forming part of the valance and/or of the rain flap through which air can pass whilst reducing pulverized water emissions;

1.4.‘energy absorber’ means a component forming part of the mudguard and/or valance and/ or rain flap which absorbs the energy of water spray, thus reducing pulverized water spray;

1.5.‘outer valance’ means a component located approximately within a vertical plane that is parallel to the longitudinal plane of the vehicle and which may form part of a mudguard or of the vehicle bodywork;

1.6.‘steered wheels’ means the wheels actuated by the vehicle's steering system;

1.7.‘self-tracking axle’ means an axle pivoted about a central point in such a way that it can describe a horizontal arc;

1.8.‘self-steered wheels’ means wheels not actuated by the vehicle's steering device, which may swivel through an angle not exceeding 20^o owing to the friction exerted by the ground;

1.9. ‘retractable axle’ means an axle as defined in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section A, point 1.34.;

1.10.'unladen vehicle' means a vehicle in running order as stated in Annex XIII, Part 2, Section A, point 1.3.;

1.11.'tread' is the part of the tyre as defined in paragraph 2.8. of UN Regulation No 30 ([^E0013]) or UN Regulation No 54 ([^E0014]) as appropriate;

2. Spray suppression devices

2.1.General provision

Spray suppression devices shall be constructed in such a way that they operate properly when used normally on wet roads. Moreover, those devices shall incorporate no structural or manufacturing defect detrimental to their proper functioning or behaviour.

2.2.Test to be carried out

Depending on their physical operating principle, spray suppression devices shall be subjected to the relevant tests as described in points 3.1. and 3.2. and shall deliver the results required in points 3.1.5. and 3.2.5.

2.3.The following shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests:

Three of the samples shall be used for tests and the fourth shall be kept by the test laboratory for any subsequent verification. The test laboratory may require further samples.

2.4.Markings

Each sample shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the trade name or mark and an indication of the type and include a space that is large enough for the EU component type-approval mark.

2.5.A symbol "A" for devices of the energy-absorption type or a symbol "S" for devices of the air/water separator type shall be added to the approval mark in accordance with Section C in Part 3.

3. Test procedures

Depending on their physical operating principle, spray suppression devices shall subjected to the tests described in points 3.1. and 3.2. and shall deliver the results required in those sections (points 3.1.5. and 3.2.5.).

3.1. Tests on spray suppression devices of the energy-absorber type

3.1.1.Principle

The aim of this test is to quantify the ability of a device to retain the water directed against it by a series of jets. The test assembly is intended to reproduce the conditions under which the device is to function when fitted to a vehicle as regards the volume and speed of the water thrown up from the ground by the tyre tread.

3.1.2.Equipment

See Figure 8 in the Appendix for a description of the test assembly.

3.1.3.Test conditions

3.1.3.1.The tests shall be carried out in a closed room with a still-air environment.

3.1.3.2.The ambient temperature and the temperature of the test pieces shall be 21 (± 3) °C.

3.1.3.3.De-ionized water shall be used.

3.1.3.4.The test pieces shall be prepared for each test by wetting.

3.1.4.Procedure

3.1.4.1.A 500 (+ 0/– 5) mm wide 750 mm high sample of the equipment to be tested shall be secured to the vertical plate of the testing equipment, making sure that the sample lies well within the limits of the collector, and that no obstacle is able to deflect the water, either before or after its impact.

3.1.4.2.The water flow rate shall be set at 0,675 (+/– 0,01) l/s and direct at least 90 l, at most 120 l, on to the sample from a horizontal distance of 500 (+/– 2) mm (Figure 8 in the Appendix).

3.1.4.3.The water shall be allowed to trickle from the sample into the collector. The percentage of water collected in relation to the quantity of water sprayed shall be calculated.

3.1.4.4.The test shall be carried out five times on the sample in accordance with points 3.1.4.2. and 3.1.4.3. The average percentage of the series of five tests shall be calculated.

3.1.5.Results

3.1.5.1.The average percentage calculated in point 3.1.4.4. shall be 70 % or higher.

3.1.5.2.Where, within a series of five tests, the highest and lowest percentages of water collected depart from the average percentage by more than 5 %, the series of five tests shall be repeated.

Where, within a second series of five tests, the highest and lowest percentages of water recovered again depart from the average percentage by more than 5 % and if the lower value does not satisfy the requirements of point 3.1.5.1., type-approval shall be refused.

3.1.5.3.It shall be verified whether the vertical position of the device influences the results obtained. Where that is the case, the procedure described in points 3.1.4.1. to 3.1.4.4. shall be repeated in the positions giving the highest and lowest percentage of water collected; the requirements of point 3.1.5.2. shall apply.

The mean of the individual results shall then be taken to give the average percentage. That average percentage shall be 70 or higher.

3.2.Test on spray suppression devices of the air/water separator type

3.2.1.Principle

This test is intended to determine the effectiveness of a porous material intended to retain the water with which it has been sprayed by means of a pressurized air/water pulveriser.

The equipment used for the test shall simulate the conditions to which the material would be submitted, with regard to the volume and speed of the water sprays produced by the tyres, if it were fitted to a vehicle.

3.2.2.Equipment

See Figure 9 in the Appendix for a description of the test assembly.

3.2.3.Test conditions

3.2.3.1.The tests shall be carried out in a closed room with a still-air environment.

3.2.3.2.The ambient temperature and the temperature of the test pieces shall be 21 (± 3)°C.

3.2.3.3.De-ionized water shall be used.

3.2.3.4.The test pieces shall be prepared for each test by wetting.

3.2.4.Procedure

3.2.4.1.A 305 × 100 mm sample shall be secured vertically in the test assembly. It shall be verified that there is no space between the sample and the upper curved plate and that the tray is properly in position. The pulveriser tank shall be filled with 1 ± 0,005 litres of water and placed as described in the diagram.

3.2.4.2.The pulveriser shall be regulated as follows:

(a) pressure (at pulveriser): 5 bar + 10 % / – 0 %

(b) flowrate: 1 litre/minute ± 5 seconds

3.2.4.3.The water shall be pulverised until there is no more water mist and the time taken shall be noted. The water shall be allowed to flow out of the sample on to the tray for 60 seconds and the volume of water collected shall be measured. The quantity of water left in the pulveriser tank shall be measured. The percentage of the volume of water collected in relation to the volume of water pulverised shall be calculated.

3.2.4.4.The test shall be carried out five times and the average percentage of the quantity collected shall be calculated. It shall be verified before each test that the tray, pulveriser tank and measuring vessel are dry.

3.2.5.Results

3.2.5.1.The average percentage calculated in accordance with point 3.2.4.4. shall be 85 % or higher.

3.2.5.2.Where, within a series of five tests, the highest and lowest percentages of water collected depart from the average percentage by more than 5 %, the series of five tests shall be repeated. Where, within a second series of five tests, the highest and lowest percentages of water recovered again depart from the average percentage by more than 5 %, and where the lower value does not satisfy the requirements of point 3.2.5.1., type-approval shall be refused.

3.2.5.3.Where the vertical position of the device influences the results obtained, the procedure described in points 3.2.4.1. to 3.2.4.4. shall be repeated in the positions giving the highest and lowest percentages of water collected; the requirements of point 3.2.5.2. shall apply.

The requirement of point 3.2.5.1. apply in order to give the results of each test.

4. Requirements for vehicle type-approval with regard to their spray suppression systems

4.1.Category N and O vehicles, with the exception of off-road vehicles as defined in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2018/858, shall be constructed and/or fitted with spray suppression systems in such a way as to meet the requirements laid down in this Annex. In the case of chassis/cab vehicles, these requirements may only be applied to the wheels covered by the cab.

At the manufacturer's discretion, for vehicles of category N1, N2 with a permissible maximum laden mass not exceeding 7,5 tonnes, and O1 and O2, the requirements of Part 2 of Annex V as set out for vehicle category M1 may be applied instead of the requirements of this Annex. In such a case, the information document shall include all the particulars relevant to wheel guards as laid down in Part 1 of Annex V.

4.2.The requirements of this Annex relating to spray suppression devices, as defined in Article 2(19), are not mandatory for categories N, O1 and O2 vehicles with a permissible maximum laden mass not exceeding 7,5 tonnes, chassis/cab vehicles, unbodied vehicles or vehicles on which the presence of spray suppression devices would be incompatible with their use. However, where such devices are fitted to those vehicles, they shall fulfil the requirements set out in this Regulation.

4.3.A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved, fitted with its spray suppression system, shall be submitted to the technical service conducting the approval tests.

General requirements

4.4.Axles

4.4.1. Retractable axles

Where a vehicle is fitted with one or more retractable axles, the spray suppression system shall cover all the wheels when the axle is lowered and the wheels in contact with the ground when the axle is raised.

4.4.2. Self-tracking axles

For the purpose of this Regulation, a self-tracking axle of the ‘pivot steering’ type is considered to be, and treated as, an axle fitted with steered wheels.

Where a vehicle is fitted with a self-tracking axle, the spray suppression system shall satisfy the conditions applicable to non-steered wheels where mounted on the pivoting part. Where not mounted on that part it shall satisfy the conditions are applicable to steered wheels.

4.5. Position of outer valance

The distance 'c' between the longitudinal plane tangential to the outer tyre wall, apart from any tyre bulge near the ground, and the inner edge of the valance shall not exceed 100 mm (Figures 1a and 1b in the Appendix).

4.6. State of the vehicle

When verifying compliance with this Regulation, the vehicle shall be unladen and with the wheels in the straight-ahead position and the tyres shall be inflated to their normal pressure.

In the case of semi-trailers, the loading surfaces shall be horizontal and the tyres shall be inflated to their normal pressure.

4.7. Spray suppression systems

4.7.1.The spray suppression system shall meet the specifications set out in point 4.8. or point 4.10.

4.7.2.The spray suppression system for non-steered or self-steered wheels that are covered by the bodywork floor, or by the lower part of the load platform, shall meet either the specifications set out in point 4.8. or point 4.10. or the specifications set out in point 4.9.

Specific requirements

4.8. Requirements concerning energy-absorption spray suppression systems for axles fitted with steered or self-steering or non-steered wheels

4.8.1.Mudguards

4.8.1.1.The mudguards shall cover the zone immediately above, ahead and behind the tyre or tyres in the following manner:

(a) in the case of a single or multiple axle, the forward edge (C) shall extend forwards to reach a line O-Z where θ (theta) is no more than 45° above the horizontal. The rearmost edge (Figure 2 in the Appendix) shall extend downwards in such a way as not to be more than 100 mm above a horizontal line passing through the centre of the wheel;

(b) in the case of multiple axles the angle θ relates only to the foremost axle and the requirement relating to the height of the rearmost edge shall apply only to the rearmost axle;

(c) the mudguard shall possess a total width 'q' (Figure 1a in the Appendix) at least adequate to cover the width of the tyre 'b' or the entire width of two tyres 't' in the case of twin wheels, account being taken of the extremes for the tyre/wheel unit specified by the manufacturer. Dimensions 'b' and 't' shall be measured at hub height, excluding any markings, ribs, protective bands, etc., on the tyre walls.

4.8.1.2.The front side of the rear part of the mudguard shall be fitted with a spray-reduction device complying with the specifications set out in point 3.1. This material shall cover the inside of the mudguard up to a height determined by a straight line running from the centre of the wheel and forming an angle of at least 30° with the horizontal (Figure 3 in the Appendix).

4.8.1.3.Where the mudguards are made up of several components, when fitted, they shall not incorporate any aperture enabling spray to exit while the vehicle is in motion. That requirement shall be deemed to be met where (the vehicle being either laden or unladen) any radial jet running outwards from the wheel centre over the entire width of the tyre running surface and within the range covered by the mudguard always strikes against a part of the spray suppression system.

4.8.2.Outer Valances

4.8.2.1.In the case of single axles, the lower edge of the outer valance may not be situated beyond the following distances and radii, as measured from the centre of the wheel, except at the lowest extremities, which may be rounded (Figure 2 in the Appendix).


Air suspension:
(a) Axles fitted with steered wheels or self-steering wheels: From the front edge (towards the front of the vehicle) (tip C) — To the rear edge (towards the rear of the vehicle) (tip A)	Rv ≤ 1,5 R
(b) Axles fitted with non-steered wheels: — From the front edge (tip C) — To the rear edge (tip A)	Rv ≤ 1,25 R
Mechanical suspension
(a) general case } Rv ≤ 1,8 R	(a) general case } Rv ≤ 1,8 R
(b) non-steered wheels for vehicles with a technically permissible laden mass more than 7.5 t } Rv ≤ 1,5 R	(b) non-steered wheels for vehicles with a technically permissible laden mass more than 7.5 t } Rv ≤ 1,5 R

where R is the radius of the tyre fitted to the vehicle, and Rv the distance, expressed as a radius, at which the lower edge of the outer valence is situated.

4.8.2.2.In the case of multiple axles the requirements laid down in point 4.8.2.1. shall not apply between the vertical transversal planes passing through the centre of the first and the last axles where the outer valance may be straight in order to ensure the continuity of the spray suppression system. (Figure 4 in the Appendix).

4.8.2.3.The distance between the uppermost and the lowermost points of the spray suppression system (mudguard and outer valance) measured in any cross section perpendicular to the mudguard (see Figures 1b and 2 in the Appendix) shall extend to not less than 45 mm at all points behind a vertical line passing through the centre of the wheel or the first wheel in the case of multiple axles. This dimension may be gradually reduced in front of that vertical line.

4.8.2.4.Openings enabling spray to emerge when the vehicle is moving shall not be allowed in the outer valances or between the outer valances and the other parts of the mudguards.

4.8.2.5.The requirements of points 4.8.2.3. and 4.8.2.4. may not be respected locally when the valance is composed by different elements with relative movement.

4.8.2.6.Tractors for semi-trailers with a low chassis, namely those which may have a height of coupling face (defined in point 6.20. of standard ISO 612:1978) equal to or less than 1 100 mm, may be designed in such a way as to be exempted from the requirements of points 4.8.1.1 (a), 4.8.1.3 and 4.8.2.4. In that regard, mudguards and valances shall not cover the area immediately above the tyres of the rear axles, where those tractors are coupled to a semi-trailer, in order to avoid the spray suppression system being destroyed. However, the mudguards and valances of those vehicles shall fulfill the requirements of points 4.8.1.1.(a), 4.8.1.3. and 4.8.2.4., in sectors more than 60^o from the vertical line passing through the centre of the wheel, in front and behind these tyres.

The vehicles referred to in the first paragraph shall therefore be designed in such a way as to meet the requirements set out in that first paragraph when they are operated without a semi-trailer.

In order to be able to meet the requirements set out in the first paragraph, mudguards and valances may comprise a removable part.

4.8.3.Rain Flaps

4.8.3.1.The width of the flap shall fulfil the requirement for ‘q’ in point 4.8.1.1.(c), except for any part of the flap that is contained within the mudguards. In such cases this part of the flap shall be at least equal in width to the tread of the tyre.

The width of the part of the rain flaps positioned beneath the mudguard shall satisfy the condition laid down in the first paragraph with a tolerance of ± 10 mm at each side.

4.8.3.2.The orientation of the flap shall be basically vertical.

4.8.3.3.The maximum height of the bottom edge shall not exceed 200 mm (Figure 3 in the Appendix).

That distance shall be increased to 300 mm for the last axle where the radial distance of the lower edge of the outer valancing, Rv, does not exceed the dimensions of the radius of the tyres fitted to the wheels on that axle.

The maximum height of the bottom edge of the rain flap in relation to the ground, may be raised to 300 mm where the manufacturer deems it technically appropriate with regard to the suspension characteristics.

4.8.3.4.The rain flap shall not be more than 300 mm from the rearmost edge of the tyre, measured horizontally.

4.8.3.5.For multiple axles where distance ‘d’ between the tyres on adjacent axles is less than 250 mm, only the rear set of wheels shall be fitted with rain flaps. There shall be a rain flap behind each wheel when distance ‘d’ between the tyres on adjacent axles is at least 250 mm (Figure 4 in the Appendix).

4.8.3.6.Rain flaps shall not be deflected by more than 100 mm towards the rear under a force of 3 N per 100 mm of flap width, applied to a point located 50 mm above the lower edge of the flaps.

4.8.3.7.The whole of the front face of the part of the rain flap having the minimum dimensions required shall be fitted with a spray suppression device that meets the specifications set out in point 3.1.

4.8.3.8.Openings enabling spray to emerge shall not be allowed between the lower rear edge of the mudguard and the rain flaps.

4.8.3.9.Where the spray suppression device meets the specifications relating to rain flaps set out in point 4.8.3., no additional rain flap shall be required.

4.9. Requirements relating to spray suppression systems fitted with energy-absorption spray suppression devices for certain axles that are fitted with non-steered or self-steering wheels (see point 5.2.)

4.9.1.Mudguards

Reading this document does not replace reading the official text published in the Official Journal of the European Union. We assume no responsibility for any inaccuracies arising from the conversion of the original to this format.

This text is published under EUR-Lex's own terms of reuse, not a Legalize or public-domain licence. EUR-Lex
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
© European Union, https://eur-lex.europa.eu — Source: EUR-Lex (Publications Office of the European Union). Reused under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. Only EU legislation published in the printed Official Journal of the European Union is deemed authentic; consolidated texts are reproduced here for documentation purposes and have been reformatted to Markdown.