Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 of 31 July 2023 supplementing Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards sustainability reporting standards

• (a) how the undertaking affects water and marine resources, in terms of material positive and negative actual or potential impacts;

• (b) any actions taken, and the result of such actions to prevent or mitigate material actual or potential negative impacts, to protect water and marine resources, also with reference to reduction of water consumption, and to address risks and opportunities;

• (c) whether, how and to what extent the undertaking contributes to the European Green Deal’s ambitions for fresh air, clean water, healthy soil and biodiversity, as well as to the sustainability of the blue economy and fisheries sectors, taking account of the following: Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ([^E0068]) (EU Water Framework Directive), Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ([^E0069]) (EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive), Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council ([^E0070]) (EU Maritime Spatial Planning Directive), the Sustainable Development Goals (in particular SDG 6 Clean water and sanitation and 14 Life below water), and respect of global environmental limits (e.g. biosphere integrity, ocean acidification, freshwater use, and biogeochemical flows planetary boundaries);

• (d) the plans and capacity of the undertaking to adapt its strategy and business model in line with the promotion of sustainable water use based on long-term protection of available water resources; protection of aquatic ecosystems and restoration of freshwater and marine habitats;

- (e) the nature, type and extent of the undertaking’s material risks and opportunities arising from the undertaking’s impacts and dependencies on water and marine resources, and how the undertaking manages them; and

• (f) the financial effects on the undertaking over the short-, medium- and long-term of material risks and opportunities arising from the undertaking’s impacts and dependencies on water and marine resources.

• 2.This Standard sets out Disclosure Requirements related to water and marine resources. With regard to ‘water’, this standard covers surface water and groundwater. It includes disclosure requirements on water consumption in the undertaking’s activities, products and services, as well as related information on water withdrawals and water *discharges*.

• 3.With regard to ‘marine resources’, this standard covers the extraction and use of such resources, and associated economic activities.

Interaction with other ESRS

• 4.The topic of water and marine resources is closely connected to other environmental sub- topics such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity and circular economy. Thus, to provide a comprehensive overview of what could be material to water and marine resources, relevant Disclosure Requirements are covered in other environmental ESRS as follows:

• (a) ESRS E1 Climate change, which addresses, in particular, acute and chronic physical risks which arise from water and ocean-related hazards caused or exacerbated by climate change, including increasing water temperature, changing precipitation patterns and types (rain, hail, snow/ice), precipitation or hydrological variability, ocean acidification, saline intrusion, sea level rise, drought, high water stress, heavy precipitation, flood and glacial lake outbursts;

• (b) ESRS E2 Pollution, which addresses, in particular, the emissions to water, which includes emissions to oceans, and the use and generation of microplastics;

- (c) ESRS E4 Biodiversity and ecosystems, which addresses, in particular, the conservation and sustainable use of and impact on freshwater aquatic ecosystems as well as the oceans and seas; and

- (d) ESRS E5 Resource use and circular economy which addresses in particular waste management including plastic, and the transition towards the extraction of non-renewable resources of wastewater; reduced use of plastic; and the recycling of wastewater.

• 5.The undertaking’s impacts on water and marine resources affect people and communities. Material negative impacts on affected communities from water and marine resources-related impacts attributable to the undertaking are covered in ESRS S3 Affected communities.

- 6.This Standard should be read in conjunction with ESRS 1 General requirements and ESRS 2 General disclosures.

Disclosure requirements

ESRS 2 General disclosures

• 7.The requirements of this section should be read in conjunction with and reported alongside the disclosures required by ESRS 2 chapter 4 Impact, risk and opportunity management.

Impact, risk and opportunity management

Disclosure Requirement related to ESRS 2 IRO-1 – Description of the processes to identify and assess material water and marine resources-related impacts, risks and opportunities

• 8.The undertaking shall describe the process to identify material impacts, risks and opportunities and shall provide information on:

• (a) whether and how the undertaking it has screened its assets and activities in order to identify its actual and potential water and marine resources-related impacts, risks and opportunities in its own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain, and if so the methodologies, assumptions and tools used in the screening;

• (b) whether and how it has conducted consultations, in particular, with affected communities ([^E0071]).

Disclosure Requirement E3-1 – Policies related to water and marine resources

• 9.The undertaking shall describe its policies adopted to manage its material impacts, risks and opportunities related to water and marine resources ([^E0072]).

• 10.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the extent to which the undertaking has policies that address the identification, assessment, management and/or remediation of its material water and marine resources-related impacts, risks and opportunities.

• 11.The disclosure required by paragraph 9 shall contain the information on the policies the undertaking has in place to manage its material impacts, risks and opportunities related to water and marine resources in accordance with ESRS 2 MDR-P Policies adopted to manage material sustainability matters.

• 12.The undertaking shall indicate whether and how its policies address the following matters where material:

• (a) water management including:
• i. the use and sourcing of water and marine resources in its own operations;
• ii. water treatment as a step towards more sustainable sourcing of water; and
• iii. the prevention and abatement of water pollution resulting from its activities.

• (b) product and service design in view of addressing water-related issues and the preservation of marine resources; and

• (c) commitment to reduce material water consumption in areas at water risk in its own operations and along the upstream and downstream value chain.
• 1. If at least one of the sites of the undertaking is located in an area of high-water stress and it is not covered by a policy, the undertaking shall state this to be the case and provide reasons for not having adopted such a policy. The undertaking may disclose a timeframe in which it aims to adopt such a policy. ([^E0073])
• 1. The undertaking shall specify whether it has adopted policies or practices related to sustainable oceans and seas ([^E0074]).

Disclosure Requirement E3-2 – Actions and resources related to water and marine resources

• 1. The undertaking shall disclose its water and marine resources-related actions and the resources allocated to their implementation.

• 16.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the key actions taken and planned to achieve the water and marine resources-related policy objectives and targets.

• 17.The description of the actions and resources shall follow the principles defined in ESRS 2 MDR-A Actions and resources in relation to material sustainability matters. In addition to ESRS 2 MDR-A, the undertaking may specify to which layer in the mitigation hierarchy an action and

• 18.Resources can be allocated to:

• (a) avoid the use of water and marine resources;

- (b) reduce the use of water and marine resources such as through efficiency measures;

• (c) reclaiming and reuse of water; or

• (d) restoration and regeneration of aquatic ecosystem and water bodies.

• 19.The undertaking shall specify actions and resources in relation to areas at water risk, including areas of high-water stress.

Metrics and targets

Disclosure Requirement E3-3 – Targets related to water and marine resources

• 20.The undertaking shall disclose the water and marine resources-related targets it has set.

• 21.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the targets the undertaking has adopted to support its water and marine resources-related policies and address its material water and marine resources-related impacts, risks and opportunities.

• 22.The description of the targets shall contain the information requirements defined in ESRS 2 MDR-T Tracking effectiveness of policies and actions through targets.

• 23.The disclosure required by paragraph 20 shall indicate whether and how its targets relate to:

• (a) the management of material impacts, risks and opportunities related to areas at water risk, including improvement of the water quality;

• (b) the responsible management of marine resources impacts, risks and opportunities including the nature and quantity of marine resources-related commodities (such as gravels, deep-sea minerals, seafood) used by the undertaking; and

• (c) the reduction of water consumption, including an explanation of how those targets relate to areas at water risk, including areas of high water-stress.

• 24.In addition to ESRS 2 MDR-T, the undertaking may specify whether ecological thresholds and entity-specific allocations were taken into consideration when setting targets. If so, the undertaking may specify:

• (a) the ecological thresholds identified, and the methodology used to identify such thresholds;

• (b) whether or not the thresholds are entity-specific and if so, how they were determined; and

• (c) how responsibility for respecting identified ecological thresholds is allocated in the undertaking.

• 25.The undertaking shall specify as part of the contextual information, whether the targets it has set and presented are mandatory (required by legislation) or voluntary.

Disclosure Requirement E3-4 – Water consumption

• 26.The undertaking shall disclose information on its water consumption performance related to its material impacts, risks and opportunities.

• 27.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to provide an understanding of the undertaking’s water consumption and any progress by the undertaking in relation to its targets.

• 28.The disclosure required by paragraph 26 relates to own operations and shall include:

• (a) total water consumption in m3;

• (b) total water consumption in m3 in areas at water risk, including areas of high-water stress;

• (c) total water recycled and reused in m3; ([^E0075])

• (d) total water stored and changes in storage in m3; and

• (e) any contextual information necessary regarding points (a) to (d), including the water basins’ water quality and quantity, how the data have been compiled, such as any standards, methodologies, and assumptions used, including whether the information is calculated, estimated, modelled, or sourced from direct measurements, and the approach taken for this, such as the use of any sector-specific factors.

• 29.The undertaking shall provide information on its water intensity: total water consumption in its own operations in m3 per million EUR net revenue ([^E0076]).

Disclosure Requirement E3-5 – Anticipated financial effects from material water and marine resources-related risks and opportunities

• 30.The undertaking shall disclose the anticipated financial effects of material water and marine resources-related risks and opportunities.

• 31.The information required by paragraph 30 is in addition to the information on current financial effects on the entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows for the reporting period required under ESRS 2 SBM-3 para 48 (d).

• 32.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to provide an understanding of:

• (a) anticipated financial effects due to material risks arising from water and marine resources-related impacts and dependencies and how these risks have (or could reasonably be expected to have) a material influence on the undertaking’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows, over the short-, medium- and long-term; and

• (b) anticipated financial effects due to material opportunities related to water and marine resources.

- 33.The disclosure shall include:

• (a) a quantification of the anticipated financial effects in monetary terms before considering water and marine resources-related actions or where not possible without undue cost or effort, qualitative information. For financial effects arising from opportunities, a quantification is not required if it would result in disclosure that does not meet the qualitative characteristics of information (see ESRS 1 Appendix B Qualitative characteristics of information);

• (b) a description of the effects considered, the impacts and dependencies to which they relate, and the time horizons in which they are likely to materialise; and

- (c) the critical assumptions used to quantify the anticipated financial effects, as well as the sources and level of uncertainty of those assumptions.

Appendix A

Application Requirements

This appendix is an integral part of the ESRS E3. It supports the application of the disclosure requirements set out in this standard and has the same authority as the other parts of the Standard.

ESRS 2 GENERAL DISCLOSURES

Impact, risk and opportunity management

Disclosure Requirement related to ESRS 2 IRO-1 – Description of the processes to identify and assess material water and marine resources-related impacts, risks and opportunities

• AR 1.When conducting a materiality assessment on environmental subtopics, the undertaking shall assess the materiality of water and marine resources in its own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain, and may consider the four phases below, also known as the LEAP approach:

• (a) Phase 1: locate where in its own operations and along the value chain the interface with nature takes place;

• (b) Phase 2: evaluate the dependencies and impacts;

• (c) Phase 3: assess the material risks and opportunities; and

• (d) Phase 4: prepare and report the results of the materiality assessment.

• AR 2.The materiality assessment for ESRS E3 corresponds to the first three phases of this LEAP approach, the fourth phase addresses the outcome of the process.

• AR 3.The processes to assess the materiality of impacts, risks and opportunities shall consider the provisions in ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities, and IRO-2 Disclosure Requirements in ESRS covered by the undertaking’s sustainability statement.

• AR 4.The sub-topics related to water and marine resources covered by the materiality assessment include:

• (a) water, which encompasses the consumption of surface water, groundwater, as well as withdrawals and discharges of water; and

• (b) marine resources, which encompasses the extraction and use of such resources and associated economic activities.

• AR 5.In phase 1, to locate where there are areas at water risk, and areas where there is an interface with marine resources that could lead to material impacts and dependencies in its own operations and along its upstream and downstream value chain, the undertaking may consider:

• (a) the locations of direct assets and operations and related upstream and downstream activities across the value chain;

• (b) the sites located in areas at water risk, including areas of high-water stress; and

• (c) the sectors or business units that are interfacing with water or marine resources in these priority locations.

• AR 6.The undertaking shall consider river basins as the relevant level for assessment of locations and combine that approach with an operational risk assessment of its facilities and the facilities of suppliers with material impacts and risks.

• AR 7.The undertaking shall consider the criteria for defining the status of water bodies according to the relevant Annexes of Directive 2000/60/EC (Water Framework Directive) as well as the guidance documents provided for implementation of the Water Framework Directive. The list of guidance documents can be accessed under the European Commission’s Environment home page.

• AR 8.In phase 2, to evaluate its impacts and dependencies for each priority location identified under AR 5, the undertaking may:

• (a) identify business processes and activities that lead to impacts and dependencies on environmental assets and ecosystem services;

• (b) identify water and marine resources-related impacts and dependencies across the undertaking’s value chain; and

• (c) assess the severity and likelihood of the positive and negative impacts on water and marine resources.

• AR 9.For the identification of water and marine resources-related dependencies, the undertaking may rely on international classifications such as the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES).

• AR 10.When identifying its marine resources-related dependencies, the undertaking shall consider if it depends upon key marine resources-related commodities, including but not limited to gravels and seafood products.

• AR 11. Marine resources are defined according to their use by human societies and must be considered in relation to the pressure they are subject to. Some of the pressure indicators are presented in other ESRS, namely microplastics and emissions to water in ESRS E2 and plastic waste in ESRS E5.

• AR 12.Examples of marine resources *dependencies* which may be considered by the undertaking are:

• (a) dependencies on commercially exploited fish and shellfish in its own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain; and

• (b) fishing activity that involves mobile bottom trawling, which can also have negative impacts on the seabed.

• AR 13.In Phase 3, to assess its material risks and opportunities based on the results of Phases 1 and 2, the undertaking may :

• (a) identify transition risks and opportunities in its own operations and its value chain by the categories of:
• i. policy and legal: e.g., introduction of regulation or policy (e.g., changes such as increased water protection, increased quality of water regulations, regulation of flows of water supply), ineffective governance of water bodies or marine resources, in particular across boundaries (e.g., transboundary governance and cooperation) resulting in water or oceans degradation, exposure to sanctions and litigation (e.g., non-respect of permits or allocations; negligence towards or killing of threatened marine species), enhanced reporting obligations on marine ecosystems and related services;
• ii. technology: e.g., substitution of products or services by products or services with a lower impact on water and marine resources, transition to more efficient and cleaner technologies (i.e., with lower impacts on oceans and water), new monitoring technologies (e.g., satellite), water purification, flood protection;
• iii. market: e.g., shifting supply, demand and financing, volatility or increased costs of water or marine resources;
• iv. reputation: e.g., changing societal, customer or community perceptions as a result of an organisation’s impact on water and marine resources; and
• v. contribution to systemic risks via its own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain, including the risks that a marine ecosystem collapses or the risks that a critical natural system no longer functions (e.g., tipping points are reached, summing physical risks);

• (b) identify physical risk including water quantity (water scarcity, water stress), water quality, infrastructure decay or unavailability of some marine resources-related commodities (e.g. the rarefaction of some species of fish or other underwater marine living organisms sold as products by the undertaking) leading for instance to the impossibility of running operations in certain geographical areas;

• (c) identify opportunities categorised by:
• i. resource efficiency: e.g., transition to more efficient services and processes requiring less water and marine resources;
• ii. markets: e.g., development of less resource-intense products and services, diversification of business activities;
• iii. financing: e.g., access to green funds, bonds or loans;
• iv. resilience: e.g., diversification of marine or water resources and business activities (e.g., starting a new business unit on ecosystem restoration), investing in green infrastructures, nature-based solutions, adopting recycling and circularity mechanisms that reduce the dependencies on water or marine resources; and
• v. reputation: positive stakeholder engagement as a result of a proactive stance on managing nature-related risks (e.g., leading to preferred partner status).

• AR 14.The undertaking may rely on primary, secondary or modelled data collection or other relevant approaches to assess material impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities, including Commission Recommendation 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations (Annex I – Product Environmental Footprint; Annex III – Organisation Environmental Footprint).

- AR 15.When providing information on the outcome of the materiality assessment, the undertaking shall consider:

• (a) a list of geographical areas where water is a material issue for the undertaking’s own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain;

• (b) a list of marine resources-related commodities used by the undertaking which are material to the good environmental status of marine waters as well as for the protection of marine resources; and

• (c) a list of sectors or segments associated with water and marine resources material impacts, risks and opportunities.

Disclosure Requirement E3-1 – Policies related to water and marine resources

• AR 16.The policies described under this Disclosure Requirement may be integrated in broader environmental or sustainability policies covering different subtopics.

• AR 17.When disclosing information under paragraph 9, the undertaking may disclose whether its policies :

• (a) prevent further deterioration and protect and enhance the status of water bodies and aquatic ecosystems;

• (b) promote sustainable water use based on a long-term protection of available water resources;

• (c) aim at enhanced protection and improvement of the aquatic environment;

• (d) promote a good environmental status of marine water; and

• (e) promote reduction of water withdrawals and water *discharges*.

- AR 18.The undertaking may also disclose information about policies which:

• (a) contribute to good ecological and chemical quality of surface water bodies and good chemical quality and quantity of groundwater bodies, in order to protect human health, water supply, natural ecosystems and biodiversity, the good environmental status of marine waters and the protection of the resource base upon which marine related activities depend;

• (b) minimise material impacts and risks and implement mitigation measures that aim to maintain the value and functionality of priority services and to increase resource efficiency on own operations; and

• (c) avoid impacts on affected communities.

Disclosure Requirement E3-2 – Actions and resources related to water and marine resources policies

- AR 19.When disclosing information required under paragraph 15, the undertaking shall consider the actions, or action plans, contributing to address the material impacts, risks and opportunities identified. Useful guidance is provided by the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS).

• AR 20.Considering that water and marine resources are shared resources which may require collective actions, or action plans, involving other stakeholders, the undertaking may provide information on those specific collective actions, including information on other parties (competitors, suppliers, retailers, customers, other business partners, local communities and authorities, government agencies…) and specific information on the project, its specific contribution, its sponsors and other participants.

• AR 21.When providing information on capital expenditures, the undertaking may consider expenditures related, for example, to stormwater drain rehabilitation, pipelines, or machinery used to manufacture new low water-use products.

Metrics and targets

Disclosure Requirement E3-3 – Targets related to water and marine resources

• AR 22.If the undertaking refers to ecological thresholds when setting targets, it may refer to the guidance provided by the Science-Based Targets Initiative for Nature (SBTN) in its interim guidance (Initial Guidance for Business, September 2020). It may also refer to any other guidance with a scientifically acknowledged methodology that enables the setting of science-based targets by identifying ecological thresholds and, if applicable, organisation-specific allocations. Ecological thresholds can be local, national and/or global.

• AR 23.The undertaking may provide targets relating to:

• (a) the reduction of water withdrawals; and

• (b) the reduction of water *discharges*.

- AR 24.If the undertaking provides targets on withdrawals, it may include water withdrawal from polluted soils and aquifers, and water withdrawn and treated for remediation purposes.

• AR 25.If the undertaking provides targets on discharges, it may include water discharges to groundwater such as reinjection to aquifers, or water returning to a groundwater source via a soakaway or a swale.

• AR 26.The targets may cover its own operations and/or its upstream and downstream value chain.

• AR 27.The undertaking may specify whether the target addresses shortcomings related to the Substantial Contribution criteria for Water and Marine Resources as defined in the Commission delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 12(2) of Regulation (EU) 2020/852. Where the Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) criteria for Water and Marine Resources as defined in delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 10(3), Article 11(3), Article 13(2), Article 14(2), and Article 15(2) of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 are not met, the undertaking may specify whether the target addresses shortcomings related those DNSH criteria.

Disclosure Requirement E3-4 – Water consumption

• AR 28.The undertaking may operate in various areas at water risk. When disclosing information under paragraph 28 (b), the undertaking shall include such information only for those areas that have been identified as material in accordance with ESRS2 IRO-1 and ESRS2 SBM-3.

- AR 29.

When disclosing contextual information on water consumption performance required by paragraph 28(e), the undertaking shall explain the calculation methodologies and more specifically the share of the measure obtained from direct measurement, from sampling and extrapolation, or from best estimates.

• AR 30.The undertaking may provide information on other breakdowns (i.e., per sector or segments).

• AR 31.When disclosing information required by paragraph 29 the undertaking may provide additional intensity ratios based on other denominators.

- AR 32.The undertaking may also provide information on its water withdrawals and **water

discharges**.

Disclosure Requirement E3-5 – Anticipated financial effects from material water and marine resources-related risks and opportunities

• AR 33.The undertaking may include an assessment of its related products and services at risk over the short-, medium- and long-term, explaining how these are defined, how financial amounts are estimated, and which critical assumptions are made.

- AR 34.

The quantification of the anticipated financial effects in monetary terms under paragraph 33(a) may be a single amount or a range.

ESRS E4

BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEMS

TABLE OF CONTENTS	TABLE OF CONTENTS
	Objective
	Interaction with other ESRS
	Disclosure Requirements
–	ESRS 2 General disclosures
	Strategy
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-1 – Transition plan and consideration of biodiversity and ecosystems in strategy and business model
—	Disclosure Requirement related to ESRS 2 SBM-3 – Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model
	Impact, risk and opportunity management
—	Disclosure Requirement related to ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks, dependencies and opportunities
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-2 – Policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-3 – Actions and resources related to biodiversity and ecosystems
	Metrics and targets
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-4 – Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-5 – Impact metrics related to biodiversity and ecosystems change
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-6 – Anticipated financial effects from biodiversity and ecosystem-related risks and opportunities
Appendix A:	Application Requirements
–	ESRS 2 General disclosures
	Impact, risk and opportunity management
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-1 – Transition plan and consideration of biodiversity and ecosystems in strategy and business model
—	Disclosure requirements related to ESRS 2 IRO-1 – Description of the processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks and opportunities
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-2 – Policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-3 – Actions and resources related to biodiversity and ecosystems
	Metrics and targets
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-4 – Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-5 – Impact metrics related to biodiversity and ecosystems change
—	Disclosure Requirement E4-6 – Anticipated financial effects from biodiversity and ecosystem-related risks and opportunities

Objective

• 1.The objective of this Standard is to specify Disclosure Requirements which will enable users of the sustainability statement to understand:

• (a) how the undertaking affects biodiversity and ecosystems, in terms of material positive and negative, actual and potential impacts, including the extent to which it contributes to the drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem loss and degradation;

• (b) any actions taken, and the result of such actions, to prevent or mitigate material negative actual or potential impacts and to protect and restore biodiversity and ecosystems, and to address risks and opportunities; and

• (c) the plans and capacity of the undertaking to adapt its strategy and business model in line with:
• i. respecting planetary boundaries related to biosphere integrity and land-system change;
• ii. the vision of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its relevant goals and targets;
• iii. relevant aspects of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 ([^E0077]);
• iv. Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 92/43/EEC (EU Birds and Habitats Directives) ([^E0078]); and
• v. Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (Marine Strategy Framework Directive ([^E0079]) ;

- (d) the nature, type and extent of the undertaking’s material risks, dependencies and opportunities related to biodiversity and ecosystems, and how the undertaking manages them; and

• (e) the financial effects on the undertaking over the short-, medium- and long-term of material risks and opportunities arising from the undertaking’s impacts and dependencies on biodiversity and ecosystems.

• 2.This Standard sets out Disclosure Requirements related to the undertaking’s relationship to terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats, *ecosystems and populations of related fauna and flora species, including diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems and their interrelation with indigenous peoples* and other affected communities.

• 3.The terms ‘biodiversity’ and ‘biological diversity’ refer to the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, freshwater, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part.

Interaction with other ESRS

• 4.‘Biodiversity and ecosystems’ are closely connected to other environmental matters. The main direct drivers of biodiversity and ecosystems change are climate change, pollution, land-use change, freshwater-use change and sea-use change, direct exploitation of organisms and invasive alien species. These drivers are covered in this standard, except for climate change (covered by ESRS E1) and pollution (covered by ESRS E2).

• 5.To obtain a comprehensive understanding of material impacts and dependencies on biodiversity and ecosystems, the Disclosure Requirements of other environmental ESRS should be read and interpreted in conjunction with the specific disclosure requirements of this Standard. The relevant disclosure requirements covered in other environmental ESRS are:

• (a) ESRS E1 Climate change, which addresses in particular GHG emissions and energy resources (energy consumption);

• (b) ESRS E2 Pollution, which addresses pollution to air, water and soil;

- (c) ESRS E3 Water and marine resources which addresses in particular water resources (water consumption) and marine resources;

- (d) ESRS E5 Resource use and circular economy addresses in particular the transition away from extraction of non-renewable resources and the implementation of practices that prevent waste generation, including pollution generated by waste.

• 6.The undertaking’s impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems affect people and communities. When reporting on material negative impacts on affected communities from biodiversity and ecosystem change under ESRS E4, the undertaking shall consider the requirements of ESRS S3 Affected communities.

• 7.This Standard should be read in conjunction with ESRS 1 General requirements and ESRS 2 General disclosures.

Disclosure Requirements

ESRS 2 General disclosures

• 8.The requirements of this section shall be read in conjunction with the disclosures required by ESRS 2 Chapter 2 Governance, Chapter 3 Strategy and Chapter 4 Impact, risk and opportunity management.

• 9.The resulting disclosures shall be presented alongside the disclosures required by ESRS 2, except for ESRS 2 SBM-3, for which the undertaking has an option to present the disclosures alongside the topical disclosures.

• 10.In addition to the requirements in ESRS 2, this Standard also includes the topic specific Disclosure Requirement E4-1 Transition plan and consideration of biodiversity and ecosystems in strategy and business model.

Strategy

Disclosure Requirement E4-1 – Transition plan and consideration of biodiversity and ecosystems *in strategy and business model*

• 11.The undertaking shall disclose how its biodiversity and ecosystem impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities originate from and trigger adaptation of its strategy and business model.

• 12.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the resilience of the undertaking’s strategy and business model in relation to biodiversity and ecosystems, and of the compatibility of the undertaking’s strategy and business model with regard to relevant local, national and global public policy targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems.

• 13.The undertaking shall describe the resilience of its strategy and business model in relation to biodiversity and ecosystems. The description shall include:

• (a) an assessment of the resilience of the current business model and strategy to biodiversity and ecosystems-related physical, transition and systemic risks;

• (b) the scope of the resilience analysis in relation to the undertaking’s own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain and in relation to the risks considered in that analysis;

• (c) the key assumptions made;

• (d) the time horizons used;

• (e) the results of the resilience analysis; and

• (f) the involvement of stakeholders, including, where appropriate, holders of indigenous and local knowledge.

• 14.If information specified in this disclosure requirement is disclosed by the undertaking as part of the information required under ESRS 2 SBM-3, the undertaking may refer to the information it has disclosed under ESRS 2 SBM-3.

• 15.The undertaking may disclose its transition plan to improve and, ultimately, achieve alignment of its business model and strategy with the vision of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its relevant goals and targets, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and with respecting planetary boundaries related to biosphere integrity and land-system change.

Disclosure Requirement SBM 3 – Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model

- 16.The undertaking shall disclose:

• (a) a list of material sites in its own operations, including sites under its operational control, based on the results of paragraph 17(a). The undertaking shall disclose these locations by:
• i. specifying the activities negatively affecting biodiversity sensitive areas ([^E0080]);
• ii. providing a breakdown of sites according to the impacts and dependencies identified, and to the ecological status of the areas (with reference to the specific ecosystem baseline level) where they are located; and
• iii. specifying the biodiversity-sensitive areas impacted, for users to be able to determine the location and the responsible competent authority with regards to the activities specified in paragraph 16(a) i.

• (b) whether it has identified material negative impacts with regards to land degradation, desertification or soil sealing ([^E0081]); and

• (c) whether it has operations that affect threatened species ([^E0082]).

Impact, risk and opportunity management

Disclosure Requirement related to ESRS 2 IRO-1 – Description of processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks, dependencies and opportunities

• 17.The undertaking shall describe its process to identify material impacts, risks, dependencies and opportunities. The description of the process shall include whether and how the undertaking:

• (a) identified and assessed actual and potential impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems at own site locations and in the upstream and downstream value chain, including assessment criteria applied;

• (b) identified and assessed dependencies on biodiversity and ecosystems and their services at own site locations and in the upstream and downstream value chain, including assessment criteria applied, and, if this assessment includes ecosystem services that are disrupted or likely to be;

• (c) identified and assessed transition and physical risks and opportunities related to biodiversity and ecosystems, including assessment criteria applied based on its impacts and dependencies;

• (d) considered systemic risks;

• (e) conducted consultations with affected communities on sustainability assessments of shared biological resources and ecosystems and, in particular:
• i. when a site, a raw material production or sourcing is likely to negatively impact biodiversity and ecosystems, the identification of the specific sites, raw materials production or sourcing with negative or potentially negative impacts on affected communities;
• ii. when affected communities are likely to be impacted, the undertaking, shall disclose how these communities were involved in the materiality assessment; and
• iii. with respect to impacts on ecosystem services of relevance to affected communities in its own operations, the undertaking shall indicate how negative impacts may be avoided. If these impacts are unavoidable, the undertaking may indicate its plans to minimise them and implement mitigation measures that aim to maintain the value and functionality of priority services.

• 18.The undertaking may disclose whether and how it has used biodiversity and ecosystems *scenario analysis* to inform the identification and assessment of material risks and opportunities over short-, medium- and long-term time horizons. If the undertaking has used such scenario analysis, it may disclose the following information:

• (a) why the considered scenarios were selected;

• (b) how the considered scenarios are updated according to evolving conditions and emerging trends; and

• (c) whether the scenarios are informed by expectations published by authoritative intergovernmental bodies, such as the Convention for Biological Diversity and, where relevant, by scientific consensus, such as that expressed by the Intergovernmental Science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).

• 19.The undertaking shall specifically disclose:

• (a) whether or not it has sites located in or near biodiversity-sensitive areas and whether activities related to these sites negatively affect these areas by leading to the deterioration of natural habitats and the habitats of species and to the disturbance of the species for which a protected area has been designated; and

• (b) whether it has been concluded that it is necessary to implement biodiversity mitigation measures, such as those identified in: Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conservation of wild birds; Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora; an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as defined in Article 1(2), point (g), of Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council ([^E0083]) on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment; and for activities located in third countries, in accordance with equivalent national provisions or international standards, such as the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources.

Disclosure Requirement E4-2 – Policies related to biodiversity and ecosystems

• 1. The undertaking shall describe its adopted policies to manage its material impacts, risks, dependencies and opportunities that are related to biodiversity and ecosystems.

• 21.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the extent to which the undertaking has policies that address the identification, assessment, management and/or remediation of its material biodiversity and ecosystem- related impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities.

• 22.The disclosure required by paragraph 20 shall contain the information on the policies the undertaking has in place to manage its material impacts, risks, dependencies and opportunities related to biodiversity and ecosystems in accordance with ESRS 2 MDR-P Policies adopted to manage material sustainability matters).

• 23.In addition to the provisions of ESRS 2 MDR-P the undertaking shall describe whether and how its biodiversity and ecosystems-related policies:

• (a) relate to the matters specified in ESRS E4 AR 4;

• (b) relate to its material biodiversity and ecosystems-related impacts;

• (c) relate to material dependencies and material physical and transition risks and opportunities;

• (d) support traceability of products, components and raw materials with material actual or potential impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems along the value chain;

• (e) address production, sourcing or consumption from ecosystems that are managed to maintain or enhance conditions for biodiversity, as demonstrated by regular monitoring and reporting of biodiversity status and gains or losses; and

• (f) address social consequences of biodiversity and ecosystems-related impacts.

• 24.The undertaking shall specifically disclose whether it has adopted:

• (a) biodiversity and ecosystem protection policy covering operational sites owned, leased, or managed in or near a biodiversity sensitive area;

• (b) sustainable land / agriculture practices or policies ([^E0084]);

• (c) sustainable oceans / seas practices or policies ([^E0085]); and

• (d) policies to address deforestation ([^E0086]).

Disclosure Requirement E4-3 – Actions and resources related to biodiversity and ecosystems

• 25.The undertaking shall disclose its biodiversity and ecosystems-related actions and the resources allocated to their implementation.

• 26.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the key actions taken and planned that significantly contribute to the achievement of biodiversity and ecosystems-related policy objectives and targets.

• 27.The description of key actions and resources shall follow the mandatory content defined in ESRS 2 MDR-A Actions and resources in relation to material sustainability matters.

- 28.In addition, the undertaking :

• (a) may disclose how it has applied the mitigation hierarchy with regard to its actions (avoidance, minimisation, restoration/rehabilitation, and compensation or offsets);

• (b) shall disclose whether it used biodiversity offsets in its action plans. If the actions contain biodiversity offsets, the undertaking shall include the following information:
• i. the aim of the offset and key performance indicators used;
• ii. the financing effects (direct and indirect costs) of biodiversity offsets in monetary terms; and;
• iii. a description of offsets including area, type, the quality criteria applied and the standards that the biodiversity offsets comply with;

• (c) shall describe whether and how it has incorporated local and indigenous knowledge and nature- based solutions into biodiversity and ecosystems-related actions.

Metrics and targets

Disclosure Requirement E4-4 – Targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems

• 1. The undertaking shall disclose the biodiversity and ecosystem-related targets it has set.

• 30.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to allow an understanding of the targets the undertaking has adopted to support its biodiversity and ecosystems *policies and address its material related impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities*.

• 31.The description of the targets shall follow the mandatory content defined in ESRS 2 MDR-T Tracking effectiveness of policies and actions through targets.

• 32.The disclosure required by paragraph 29 shall include the following information:

• (a) whether ecological thresholds and allocations of impacts to the undertaking were applied when setting targets. If so, the undertaking shall specify:
• i. the ecological thresholds identified and the methodology used to identify such thresholds;
• ii. whether or not the thresholds are entity-specific and if so, how they were determined; and
• iii. how responsibility for respecting identified ecological thresholds is allocated in the undertaking;

• (b) whether the targets are informed by, and/or aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, relevant aspects of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and other biodiversity and ecosystem-related national policies and legislation;

• (c) how the targets relate to the biodiversity and ecosystem impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities identified by the undertaking in relation to its own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain;

• (d) the geographical scope of the targets, if relevant;

• (e) whether or not the undertaking used biodiversity offsets in setting its targets; and

• (f) to which of the layers of the mitigation hierarchy the target can be allocated (i.e., avoidance, minimisation, restoration and rehabilitation, compensation or offsets).

Disclosure Requirement E4-5 – Impact metrics related to biodiversity and ecosystems change

• 33.The undertaking shall report metrics related to its material impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.

• 34.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to enable an understanding of the performance of the undertaking against impacts identified as material in the materiality assessment on biodiversity and ecosystems change.

• 35.If the undertaking identified sites located in or near biodiversity-sensitive areas that it is negatively affecting (see paragraph 19(a)), the undertaking shall disclose the number and area (in hectares) of sites owned, leased or managed in or near these protected areas or key biodiversity areas.

• 36.If the undertaking has identified material impacts with regards to land-use change, or impacts on the extent and condition of ecosystems, it may also disclose their land-use based on a Life Cycle Assessment.

• 37.For datapoints specified in paragraphs 38 to 41, the undertaking shall consider its own operations.

• 38.If the undertaking has concluded that it directly contributes to the impact drivers of land-use change, freshwater-use change and/or sea-use change, it shall report relevant metrics. The undertaking may disclose metrics that measure:

• (a) the conversion over time (e.g. 1 or 5 years) of land cover (e.g. deforestation or mining);

• (b) changes over time (e.g. 1 or 5 years) in the management of the ecosystem (e.g., through the intensification of agricultural management, or the application of better management practices or forestry harvesting);

• (c) changes in the spatial configuration of the landscape (e.g. fragmentation of habitats, changes in ecosystem connectivity);

• (d) changes in ecosystem structural connectivity (e.g. habitat permeability based on physical features and arrangements of habitat patches); and

• (e) the functional connectivity (e.g. how well genes or individuals move through land, freshwater and seascape).

• 39.If the undertaking concluded that it directly contributes to the accidental or voluntary introduction of invasive alien species, the undertaking may disclose the metrics it uses to manage pathways of introduction and spread of invasive alien species and the risks posed by invasive alien species.

• 40.If the undertaking identified material impacts related to the state of species, the undertaking may report metrics it considers relevant. The undertaking may:

• (a) refer to relevant disclosure requirements in ESRS E1, ESRS E2, ESRS E3, and ESRS E5;

• (b) consider population size, range within specific ecosystems as well as extinction risk. These aspects provide insight on the health of a single species’ population and its relative resilience to human induced and naturally occurring change;

• (c) disclose metrics that measure changes in the number of individuals of a species within a specific area;

• (d) disclose metrics on species at extinction risk ([^E0087]) that measure:
• i. the threat status of species and how activities/pressures may affect the threat status; or
• ii. changes in the relevant habitat for a threatened species as a proxy for the undertaking’s impact on the local population’s extinction risk.

• 41.If the undertaking identified material impacts related to ecosystems, it may disclose:

• (a) with regard to ecosystems extent, metrics that measure area coverage of a particular ecosystem without necessarily considering the quality of the area being assessed, such as habitat cover. For example, forest cover is a measure of the extent of a particular ecosystem type, without factoring in the condition of the ecosystem (e.g., provides the area without describing the species diversity within the forest).

• (b) with regard to ecosystems condition:
• i. metrics that measure the quality of ecosystems relative to a pre-determined reference state;
• ii. metrics that measure multiple species within an ecosystem rather than the number of individuals within a single species within an ecosystem (for example: scientifically established species richness and abundance indicators that measure the development of (native) species composition within an ecosystem against the reference state at the beginning of the first reporting period as well as the targeted state outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, or an aggregation of species’ conservation status if relevant); or
• iii. metrics that reflect structural components of condition such as habitat connectivity (i.e., how linked habitats are to each other).

Disclosure Requirement E4-6 – Anticipated financial effects from material biodiversity and ecosystem-related risks and opportunities

• 42.The undertaking shall disclose its anticipated financial effects of material biodiversity- and ecosystem-related risks and opportunities.

• 43.The information required by paragraph 42 is in addition to the information on current financial effects on the entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows for the reporting period required under ESRS 2 SBM-3 para 48 (d).

• 44.The objective of this Disclosure Requirement is to provide an understanding of:

• (a) anticipated financial effects due to material risks arising from biodiversity- and ecosystem-related impacts and dependencies and how these risks have (or could reasonably be expected to have) a material influence on the undertaking’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows over the short-, medium- and long-term; and

• (b) anticipated financial effects due to material opportunities related to biodiversity and ecosystems.

- 45.The disclosure shall include:

• (a) a quantification of the anticipated financial effects in monetary terms before considering biodiversity and ecosystems-related actions or where not possible without undue cost or effort, qualitative information. For financial effects arising from material opportunities, a quantification is not required if it would result in disclosure that does not meet the qualitative characteristics of information (see ESRS 1 Appendix B Qualitative characteristics of information). The quantification of the anticipated financial effects in monetary terms may be a single amount or a range;

• (b) a description of the effects considered, the impacts and dependencies to which they relate and the time horizons in which they are likely to materialise; and

- (c) the critical assumptions used to quantify the anticipated financial effects as well as the sources and the level of uncertainty of those assumptions.

Appendix A

Application Requirements

This appendix is an integral part of the ESRS E4. It supports the application of the disclosure requirements set out in this standard and has the same authority as the other parts of the standard.

ESRS 2 GENERAL DISCLOSURES

Strategy

Disclosure Requirement E4-1 – Transition plan and consideration of biodiversity and ecosystems in strategy and business model

• AR 1.If disclosing a transition plan, the undertaking may:

• (a) explain how it will adjust its strategy and business model to improve and, ultimately, achieve alignment with relevant local, national and global public policy goals and targets related to biodiversity and ecosystems including the vision of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its relevant goals and targets, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and Directive 2009/147/EC Council Directive 92/43/EEC (the EU Birds and Habitats Directives) and, as appropriate, planetary boundaries related to biosphere integrity and land-system change;

• (b) include information about its own operations and also explain how it is responding to material impacts in its upstream and downstream value chain identified in its materiality assessment in accordance with ESRS 2 IRO-1 Description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities;

• (c) explain how its strategy interacts with its transition plan;

• (d) explain how it contributes to addressing biodiversity and ecosystem impact drivers and its possible mitigation actions following the mitigation hierarchy and the main path-dependencies and locked-in assets and resources (e.g., plants, raw materials) that are associated with biodiversity and ecosystems change;

• (e) explain and quantify its investments and funding supporting the implementation of its transition plan, with a reference to the key performance indicators of taxonomy-aligned CapEx, and where relevant the CapEx plans, that the undertaking discloses in accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/2178;

• (f) if it has economic activities that are covered by delegated regulations on biodiversity under the Taxonomy Regulation, explain any objective or plans (CapEX, CapEx plans) that it has for aligning its economic activities (revenues, CapEx) with the criteria established in those delegated regulations;

• (g) explain how biodiversity offsets are used as part of the transition plan, and if so, where the offsets are planned to be used, the extent of use in relation to the overall transition plan, and whether the mitigation hierarchy was considered;

• (h) explain how the process of implementing and updating the transition plan is managed;

• (i) explain how it measures progress, namely indicate the metrics and methodologies it uses for that purpose;

• (j) indicate whether the administrative, management and supervisory bodies have approved the transition plan; and

• (k) indicate current challenges and limitations to draft a plan in relation to areas of significant impact and how the company is addressing those challenges.

• AR 2.If disclosing a transition plan, the undertaking may, for example, refer to the following targets from the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030:

• (a) The decline of pollinators is reversed.

• (b) The risk and use of chemical pesticides is reduced by 50%, and the use of more hazardous pesticides is reduced by 50%.

• (c) At least 25% of agricultural land is under organic farming management, and the uptake of agro-ecological practices is significantly increased.

• (d) Three billion additional trees are planted in the EU, in full respect of ecological principles.

• (e) Significant progress in the remediation of contaminated soil *sites*.

• (f) At least 25 000 km of free-flowing rivers are restored.

• (g) The losses of nutrients from fertilisers are reduced by 50%, resulting in the reduction of the use of fertilisers by at least 20%.

• (h) The negative impacts on sensitive species and habitats, including on the seabed through fishing and extraction activities, are substantially reduced to achieve good environmental status.

• AR 3.If disclosing a transition plan, the undertaking may also refer to the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular:

- (a) SDG 2 - End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture;

- (b) SDG 6 - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all;

• (c) SDG 14 - Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development; and

• (d) SDG 15 - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

Impact, risk and opportunity management

Disclosure requirements related to ESRS 2 IRO-1 – Description of the processes to identify and assess material biodiversity and ecosystem-related impacts, risks and opportunities

• AR 4.The materiality assessment under ESRS E4 includes the undertaking’s:

• (a) contribution to direct impact drivers on biodiversity loss ([^E0088]):
• i. climate change;
• ii. land-use change (e.g., land artificialisation), freshwater-use change and sea-use change;
• iii. direct exploitation;
• iv. invasive alien species;
• v. pollution; and
• vi. others.

• (b) impacts on the state of species (i.e., species population size, species global extinction risk);

• (c) impacts on the extent and condition of ecosystems including through land degradation, desertification and soil sealing); and

• (d) impacts and dependencies on ecosystem services.

• AR 5.When assessing the materiality of impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities the undertaking shall consider the provisions in ESRS 2 IRO-1 and ESRS 1 Chapter 3 Double materiality as the basis for sustainability disclosures and describe its considerations.

• AR 6.The undertaking shall assess the materiality of biodiversity and ecosystems in its own operations and its upstream and downstream value chain, and may conduct its materiality assessment in line with the first three phases of the LEAP approach: Locate (paragraph AR 7), Evaluate (paragraph AR 8) and Assess (paragraph AR 9).

• AR 7.Phase 1 relates to the localisation of relevant sites regarding its interface with biodiversity and ecosystems. To identify these relevant sites the undertaking may:

• (a) develop a list of locations of direct assets and operations and related upstream and downstream value chain that are relevant to the undertakings business activities. Furthermore, the undertaking may provide information about sites for which future operations have been formally announced;

• (b) list the biomes and ecosystems it is interfacing with based on the list of locations identified under paragraph AR 7(a);

• (c) identify the current integrity and importance of biodiversity and ecosystem at each location taking into consideration the information provided in paragraphs 16 and 17;

• (d) develop a list of locations where the undertaking is interfacing with locations in or near biodiversity-sensitive areas taking into consideration the information provided in paragraphs 16 and 17; and

• (e) identify which sectors, business units, value chains or asset classes are interfacing with biodiversity and ecosystems in these material sites. Instead of identifying these interfaces per site, the undertaking may choose to identify them per raw material procured or sold by weight in tons, if such practice offers greater transparency.

• AR 8.In Phase 2, to evaluate its actual or potential impacts and dependencies on biodiversity and ecosystems for relevant sites, the undertaking may:

• (a) identify business processes and activities that interface with biodiversity and ecosystems;

• (b) identify actual and potential impacts and dependencies;

• (c) indicate the size, scale, frequency of occurrence and timeframe of the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems taking into consideration the disclosures under paragraphs 16 and 17. Furthermore, the undertaking may disclose:
• i. the percentage of its suppliers’ facilities which are located in risk prone areas (with threatened species on the IUCN Red List of Species, the Birds and Habitats Directive or nationally list of threatened species, or in officially recognised Protected Areas, the Natura 2000 network of protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas);
• ii. the percentage of its procurement spent from suppliers with facilities which are located in risk prone areas (with threatened species on the IUCN Red List of Species, the Birds and Habitats Directive or nationally list of threatened species, or in officially recognised Protected Areas, the Natura 2000 network of protected areas and Key Biodiversity Areas);

• (d) indicate the size and scale of the dependencies on biodiversity and ecosystems, including on raw materials, natural resources and ecosystem services. The undertaking may rely on the international classifications such as the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES).

• AR 9.In Phase 3, to assesses its material risks and opportunities based on the results of Phases 1 and 2, the undertaking may consider the following categories:

• (a) physical risks:
• i. acute risks (e.g., natural disasters exacerbated by loss of coastal protection from ecosystems, leading to costs of storm damage to coastal infrastructure, disease or pests affecting the species or variety of crop the undertaking relies on, especially in the case of no or low genetic diversity, species loss and ecosystem degradation); and
• ii. chronic risks (e.g., loss of crop yield due to decline in pollination services, increasing scarcity or variable production of key natural inputs, ecosystem degradation due to operations leading to, for example, coastal erosion and forest fragmentation, ocean acidification, land loss to desertification and soil degradation and consequent loss of soil fertility, species loss).

• (b) transition risks, including:
• i. policy and legal: e.g. introduction of regulation or policy (e.g. changes such as increased land protection); exposure to sanctions and litigation (e.g. spills of polluting effluents that damage human and ecosystem health; or violation of biodiversity-related rights, permits or allocations; or negligence towards or killing of threatened species); enhanced reporting obligations on biodiversity, ecosystems and related services;
• ii. technology: e.g. substitution of products or services by products or services with a lower impact on biodiversity or dependence on ecosystem services, lack of access to data or access to poor quality data that hamper biodiversity-related assessments, transition to more efficient and cleaner technologies (i.e. with lower impacts on biodiversity), new monitoring technologies (e.g. satellite), requirements to use certain technologies (e.g. climate resistant crops, mechanical pollinators, water purification, flood protection);
• iii. market: e.g., shifting supply, demand and financing, volatility or increased costs of raw materials (e.g., biodiversity-intense inputs for which price has risen due to ecosystem degradation);
• iv. reputation: e.g., changing societal, customer or community perceptions as a result of an organisation’s role in loss of biodiversity, violation of nature-related rights through operations, negative media coverage due to impacts on critical species and/or ecosystems, biodiversity-related social conflicts over endangered species, protected areas, resources or pollution.

• (c) systemic risks, including:
• i. ecosystem collapse risks that a critical natural system no longer functions, e.g., tipping points are reached and the collapse of ecosystems resulting in wholesale geographic or sector losses (summing physical risks);
• ii. aggregated risk linked to fundamental impacts of biodiversity loss to levels of transition and physical risk across one or more sectors in a portfolio (corporate or financial); and
• iii. contagion risks that financial difficulties of certain corporations or financial institutions linked to failure to account for exposure to biodiversity-related risks spill over to the economic system as a whole.

• (d) opportunities, including for example:
• i. business performance categories: resource efficiency; products and services; markets; capital flow and financing; reputational capital; and
• ii. sustainability performance categories: ecosystem protection, restoration and regeneration; sustainability use of natural resources.

• Presentation of information:

• AR 10.The undertaking may consider the tables below to facilitate its materiality assessment of material sites identified under paragraph AR 7: