Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1999

Made: 16th November 1999

Coming into operation: 1st January 2000

The Department of the Environment, in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Articles 55 and 110(2) of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1995[^f00001] and of every other power enabling it in that behalf, hereby makes the following Regulations:

Part I — Preliminary

Citation and commencement

1

These Regulations may be cited as the Motor Vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1999 and shall come into operation on 1st January 2000.

Interpretation

2

• (1) In these Regulations—

• “the 1920 Act” means the Roads Act 1920[^f00002];

• “the 1949 Act” means the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1949[^f00003];

• “the 1954 Act” means the Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1954[^f00004];

• “the 1962 Act” means the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1962[^f00005];

• “the 1971 Act” means the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971[^f00006];

• “the 1972 Act” means the Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972[^f00007];

• “the Approval Marks Regulations” means the Motor Vehicles (Designation of Approval Marks) Regulations 1979[^f00008];

• “the Lighting Regulations” means the Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995[^f00009];

• “the Northern Ireland Regulations” means the Motor Vehicles (Type Approval) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1985[^f00010];

• “the Type Approval Regulations” means the Motor Vehicles (EC Type Approval) Regulations 1998[^f00011];

• “the 1981 Order” means the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1981[^f00012];

• “the 1994 Act” means the Vehicle Excise and Registration Act 1994[^f00013];

• “agricultural motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle which is constructed or adapted for use off roads for the purpose of agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is primarily used for one or more of those purposes, not being a dual-purpose vehicle;

• “agricultural or forestry tractor” means an agricultural or forestry tractor within the meaning of Community Directive 82/890[^f00014];

• “agricultural trailer” means a trailer which is constructed or adapted for the purpose of agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or more of those purposes, not being an agricultural trailed appliance;

• “agricultural trailed appliance” means a trailer— which is an implement constructed or adapted— for use off roads for the purpose of agriculture, horticulture or forestry and which is only used for one or more of those purposes, and so that, save in the case of an appliance manufactured before 1st December 1985, or a towed roller, its maximum gross weight is not more than twice its unladen weight; but which is not— a vehicle which is used primarily as living accommodation, and which carries no goods except those needed for the purpose of residence in the vehicle; or an agricultural, horticultural or forestry implement rigidly but not permanently mounted on any vehicle whether or not any of the weight of the implement is supported by one or more of its own wheels; so however that such an implement is an agricultural trailed appliance if— — part of the weight of the implement is supported by one or more of its own wheels, and — the longitudinal axis of the greater part of the implement is capable of articulating in the horizontal plane in relation to the longitudinal axis of the rear portion of the vehicle on which it is mounted;

• “agricultural trailed appliance conveyor” means an agricultural trailer which— has an unladen weight which does not exceed 510 kg; is clearly and indelibly marked with its unladen weight; has a pneumatic tyre fitted to each of its wheels; and is designed and constructed for the purpose of conveying one agricultural trailed appliance or one agricultural, horticultural or forestry implement;

• “articulated bus” means a bus so constructed that— it can be divided into two parts, both of which are vehicles and one of which is a motor vehicle, but cannot be so divided without the use of facilities normally available only at a workshop; and passengers carried by it can at all times pass from either part to the other;

• “articulated vehicle” means a heavy motor car or motor car, with a trailer so attached that part of the trailer is superimposed on the drawing vehicle and, when the trailer is uniformly loaded, not less than 20% of the weight of its load is borne by the drawing vehicle;

• “axle”—any reference to the number of axles of a vehicle is to be interpreted in accordance with paragraph (8);

• “axle weight” in relation to each axle of a vehicle, means the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by all the wheels of that axle, having regard to the provisions of paragraph (8);

• “braking efficiency” means the maximum braking force capable of being developed by the brakes of a vehicle, expressed as a percentage of the weight of the vehicle including any persons or load carried in the vehicle;

• “braking system” is to be interpreted in accordance with paragraph (6);

• “bus” means a motor vehicle which is constructed or adapted to carry more than eight seated passengers in addition to the driver;

• “cc” means cubic centimetre;

• “car transporter” means a trailer which is constructed and normally used for the purpose of carrying at least two other wheeled vehicles;

• “close-coupled” in relation to a trailer, means that the wheels on the same side of the trailer are so fitted that at all times while it is in motion they remain parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trailer and that the distance between the centres of their respective areas of contact with the road surface does not exceed 1 m;

• “cm” means centimetre;

• “cm²” means square centimetre;

• “coach” means a large bus with a maximum gross weight of more than 7.5 tonnes and with a maximum speed exceeding 60 mph;

• “combined transport operation” shall be construed in accordance with paragraph 11 of Schedule 14;

• “the Community Recording Equipment Regulation” means Council Regulation (EEC) 3821/85 of 20th December 1985 on recording equipment in road transport[^f00015], as read with the Community Drivers' Hours and Recording Equipment (Exemptions and Supplementary Provisions) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1987[^f00016];

• “composite trailer” means a combination of a converter dolly and a semi-trailer;

• “container” means an article of equipment, not being a motor vehicle or trailer, having a volume of at least 8 cubic metres, constructed wholly or mostly of metal and intended for repeated use for the carriage of goods;

• “converter dolly” means— a trailer which is— equipped with 2 or more wheels, designed to be used in combination with a semi-trailer without any part of the weight of the semi-trailer being borne by the drawing trailer, and not itself a part either of the semi-trailer or the drawing vehicle when being so used; or a trailer which is— equipped with 2 or more wheels, designed to be used in combination with a semi-trailer with part of the weight of the semi-trailer being borne by the drawing vehicle, not itself a part either of the semi-trailer or the drawing vehicle when being so used, and used solely for the purposes of agriculture, horticulture or forestry, or for any two or for all of those purposes.

• “deck” means a floor or platform on which seats are provided for the accommodation of passengers;

• “design weight” means in relation to the gross weight, each axle weight or the train weight of a motor vehicle or trailer, the weight at or below which the vehicle could safely be driven on roads;

• “double-decked vehicle” means a vehicle having two decks one of which is wholly or partly above the other and each of which is provided with a gangway serving seats on that deck only;

• “engine power in kilowatts (kw)” means the maximum net power ascertained in accordance with Community Directive 80/1269;

• “engineering equipment” means engineering plant and any other plant or equipment designed and constructed for the purpose of engineering operations;

• “engineering plant” means— movable plant or equipment being a motor vehicle or trailer specially designed and constructed for the special purposes of engineering operations, and which cannot, owing to the requirements of those purposes, comply with all the requirements of these Regulations and which is not constructed primarily to carry a load other than a load being either excavated materials raised from the ground by apparatus on the motor vehicle or trailer or materials which the vehicle or trailer is specially designed to treat while carried on it; or a mobile crane which does not comply in all respects with these Regulations;

• “exhaust system” means a complete set of components through which the exhaust gases escape from the engine unit of a motor vehicle including those which are necessary to limit the noise caused by the escape of those gases;

• “first used” is to be interpreted in accordance with paragraph (4);

• “gangway” means the space provided for obtaining access from any entrance to the passengers' seats or from any such seat to an exit other than an emergency exit, but excluding a staircase and any space in front of a seat which is required only for the use of passengers occupying that seat or a seat in the same row of seats;

• “gas” means any fuel which is wholly gaseous at 17.5°C under a pressure of 1.013 bar absolute;

• “gas-fired appliance” means a device carried on a motor vehicle or trailer when in use on a road, which consumes gas and which is neither— a device owned or operated by or with the authority of the British Gas Corporation for the purpose of detecting gas, nor an engine for the propulsion of a motor vehicle, nor a lamp which consumes acetylene gas;

• “gritting trailer” means a trailer which is used on a road for the purpose of spreading grit or other matter so as to avoid or reduce the effect of ice or snow on the road;

• “gross weight” means— in relation to a motor vehicle, the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by all the wheels of the vehicle; in relation to a trailer, the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by all the wheels of the trailer and of any weight of the trailer imposed on the drawing vehicle;

• “heavy motor car” means a mechanically propelled vehicle, not being a locomotive, a motor tractor, or a motor car, which is constructed itself to carry a load or passengers and the weight of which unladen exceeds 3050 kg;

• “indivisible load” means a load which cannot without undue expense or risk of damage be divided into two or more loads for the purpose of conveyance on a road;

• “industrial tractor” means a tractor, not being an agricultural motor vehicle which— has an unladen weight not exceeding 7370 kg; is designed and used primarily for work off roads, or for work on roads in connection only with road construction or maintenance (including any such tractor when fitted with an implement designed primarily for use in connection with such work, whether or not any such implement is of itself designed to carry a load); and has a maximum speed not exceeding 20 mph;

• “kerbside weight” means the weight of a vehicle when it carries— in the case of a motor vehicle, no person; and a full supply of fuel in its tank, an adequate supply of other liquids incidental to its propulsion and no load other than the loose tools and equipment with which it is normally equipped; in the case of a trailer, no person and is otherwise unladen;

• “kg” means kilogram;

• “km/h” means kilometre per hour;

• “kw” means kilowatt;

• “large bus” means a vehicle constructed or adapted to carry more than 16 seated passengers in addition to the driver;

• “light trailer” means a trailer with a maximum gross weight which does not exceed 3,500 kg;

• “living van” means a vehicle used primarily as living accommodation, and which is not also used for the carriage of goods which are not needed for the purpose of residence in the vehicle;

• “locomotive” means a mechanically propelled vehicle which is not constructed itself to carry a load other than the following articles, that is to say, water, fuel, accumulators and other equipment used for the purpose of propulsion, loose tools and loose equipment, and the weight of which unladen exceeds 7370 kg;

• “longitudinal plane” means a vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle;

• “low loader” means a semi-trailer which is constructed and normally used for the carriage of engineering equipment so constructed that the major part of the load platform does not extend over or between the wheels and the upper surface of which is below the height of the top most point of the tyres of those wheels, measured on level ground and when— any adjustable suspension is at the normal travelling height; all pneumatic tyres are suitably inflated for use when the vehicle is fully laden; and the semi-trailer is unladen; (see also the definition of stepframe low loader);

• “low platform trailer” means a trailer fitted with tyres with a rim diameter size code of less than 20 and displaying a rectangular plate which— is at least 225mm wide and at least 175mm high; and has a white backgroundround bearing two black letters “L”, each at least 125mm high and 90mm wide with a stroke width of 12mm;

• “m” means metre;

• “m²” means square metres;

• “m³” means cubic metres;

• “maximum permitted axle weight” means— in the case of a vehicle which is equipped with a plate in accordance with regulation 79, the maximum axle weight shown for that axle on the plate in respect of item 9 of Part I of Schedule 11 in the case of a motor vehicle and item 7 of Part II of Schedule 11 in the case of a trailer; in any other case, the weight which the axle is designed or adapted not to exceed when the vehicle is travelling on a road;

• “maximum gross weight” means— in the case of a vehicle which is equipped with a plate in accordance with regulation 79, the maximum gross weight shown on the plate in respect of item 7 of Part I of Schedule 11 in the case of a motor vehicle and item 6 of Part II of Schedule 11 in the case of a trailer; in any other case, the weight which the vehicle is designed or adapted not to exceed when the vehicle is travelling on a road;

• “maximum total design axle weight” (an expression used only in relation to trailers) means— in the case of a trailer which is equipped with a plate in accordance with regulation 79, the sum of the maximum axle weights shown on the plate in respect of item 4 of Part II of Schedule 11; in the case of any other trailer, the sum of the axle weights which the trailer is designed or adapted not to exceed when the vehicle is travelling on a road;

• “maximum speed” means the speed which a vehicle is incapable, by reason of its construction, of exceeding on the level under its own power when fully laden;

• “minibus” means a motor vehicle which is constructed or adapted to carry more than 8 but not more than 16 seated passengers in addition to the driver;

• “mm” means millimetre;

• “motor ambulance” means a motor vehicle which is specially designed and constructed (and not merely adapted) for carrying, as equipment permanently fixed to the vehicle, equipment used for medical, dental, or other health purposes and is used primarily for the carriage of persons suffering from illness, injury or disability;

• “motor car” means a mechanically propelled vehicle, not being a motor tractor, a motor-cycle or an invalid carriage, which is constructed itself to carry a load or passengers and the weight of which unladen— if it is constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects and is adapted to carry not more than 7 passengers exclusive of the driver does not exceed 3,050 kg; if it is constructed for use for the conveyance of goods does not exceed 3,050 kg; does not exceed 2,540 kg in a case falling within neither of the foregoing paragraphs;

• “motor caravan” means a motor vehicle which is constructed or adapted for the carriage of passengers and their effects and which contains, as permanently installed equipment, the facilities which are reasonably necessary for enabling the vehicle to provide living accommodation for its users;

• “mph” means miles per hour;

• “N/mm²” means newtons per square millimetre;

• “off-road vehicle” means an off-road vehicle as defined in Annex I to Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6th February 1970[^f00017] as read with Council Directive 87/403/EEC of 25th June 1987[^f00018];

• “overall height” in relation to a vehicle means the vertical distance between the ground and the point on the vehicle which is furthest from the ground, calculated when— the tyres of the vehicle are suitably inflated for the use to which it is being put; the vehicle is at its unladen weight; and the surface of the ground under the vehicle is reasonably flat;

• “overall length” in relation to a vehicle, means the distance between transverse planes passing through the extreme forward and rearward projecting points of the vehicle inclusive of all parts of the vehicle, any receptacle which is of a permanent character and any fitting on, or attached to, the vehicle except— for all purposes— any driving mirror; any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a turntable fire escape fixed to a vehicle; any snow-plough fixed in front of a vehicle; any receptacle specially designed to hold and keep secure a seal issued for the purposes of customs clearance; any tailboard which is let down while the vehicle is stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; any tailboard which is let down in order to facilitate the carriage of, but which is not essential for the support of, loads which are in themselves so long as to extend at least as far as the tailboard when upright; any fitting attached to a part of, or to a receptacle on, a vehicle which does not increase the carrying capacity of the part or receptacle but which enables it to be— transferred from a road vehicle to a railway vehicle or from a railway vehicle to a road vehicle, secured to a railway vehicle by a locking device, and carried on a railway vehicle by the use of stanchions; any plate, whether rigid or movable, fitted to a trailer constructed for the purpose of carrying other vehicles and designed to bridge the gap between that trailer and a motor vehicle constructed for that purpose and to which the trailer is attached so that while the trailer is attached to the motor vehicle, vehicles which are to be carried by the motor vehicle may be moved from the trailer to the motor vehicle before a journey begins, and vehicles which have been carried on the motor vehicle may be moved from it to the trailer after a journey ends; any sheeting or other readily flexible means of covering or securing a load; any receptacle with an external length, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, not exceeding 2.5m; any empty receptacle which itself forms a load; any receptacle which contains an indivisible load of exceptional length; any receptacle manufactured before 30th October 1985, not being a container designed primarily for carriage on sea transport without an accompanying road vehicle; any special appliance or apparatus as described in regulation 94(1)(c) which does not itself increase the carrying capacity of the vehicle; or any rearward projecting buffer made of rubber or other resilient material; for the purposes of regulations 6, 16, 17 and 19— any part of a trailer (not being in the case of an agricultural trailed appliance a drawbar or other thing with which it is equipped for the purpose of being towed) designed primarily for use as a means of attaching it to another vehicle and any fitting designed for use in connection with any such part; the thickness of any front or rear wall on a semi-trailer and of any part forward of such front wall or rearward of such rear wall which does not incr ease the vehicle’s load-carrying space;

• “overall width” in relation to a vehicle means the distance between longitudinal planes passing through the extreme lateral projecting points of the vehicle inclusive of all parts of the vehicle, any receptacle which is of a permanent character and any fitting on, or attached to, the vehicle except— any driving mirror; any snow-plough fixed in front of the vehicle; so much of the distortion of any tyre as is caused by the weight of the vehicle; any receptacle specially designed to hold and keep secure a seal issued for the purposes of customs clearance; any lamp or reflector fitted to the vehicle in accordance with the Lighting Regulations; any sideboard which is let down while the vehicle is stationary in order to facilitate its loading or unloading; any fitting attached to part of, or to a receptacle on, a vehicle which does not increase the carrying capacity of the part or receptacle but which enables it to be— transferred from a road vehicle to a railway vehicle or from a railway vehicle to a road vehicle; secured to a railway vehicle by a locking device; and carried on a railway vehicle by the use of stanchions; any sheeting or other readily flexible means of covering or securing a load; any receptacle with an external width, measured at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, which does not exceed 2.5m; any empty receptacle which itself forms a load; any receptacle which contains an indivisible load of exceptional width; any receptacle manufactured before 30th October 1985, not being a container designed primarily for carriage on sea transport without an accompanying road vehicle; any special appliance or apparatus as described in regulation 94(1)(c) which does not itself increase the carrying capacity of the vehicle; or any apparatus fitted to a bus which enables it to be guided wholly or mainly by means of wheels bearing outwards against fixed apparatus, provided that no part of the apparatus projects more than 75mm beyond the side of the bus when the wheels of the bus are parallel to its longitudinal axis; and the reference in sub-paragraph (n) to the side of a bus is a reference to the longitudinal plane passing through the extreme lateral projecting points of the vehicle inclusive of all parts of the vehicle, of any receptacle which is of permanent character and accordingly strong enough for repeated use, and any fitting on, or attached to, the vehicle except those items referred to in sub-paragraphs (a) to (n);

• “overhang” in relation to a vehicle, means the distance measured horizontally and parallel to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle between two transverse planes passing through the following two points— the rearmost point of the vehicle exclusive of— any expanding or extensible contrivance forming part of a turntable fire escape fixed to a vehicle; in the case of a motor car constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects and adapted to carry not more than 8 passengers exclusive of the driver, any luggage carrier fitted to the vehicle; and in the case of a motor vehicle having not more than three axles of which only one is not a steering axle, the centre point of that axle; in the case of a motor vehicle having three axles of which the front axle is the only steering axle and of a motor vehicle having four axles of which the two foremost are the only steering axles, a point 1l0mm behind the centre of a straight line joining the centre points of the two rearmost axles; and in any other case a point situated on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and such that a line drawn from it at right angles to that axis will pass through the centre of the minimum turning circle of the vehicle;

• “passenger vehicle” means a vehicle constructed solely for the carriage of passengers and their effects;

• “pedestrian-controlled vehicle” means a motor vehicle which is controlled by a pedestrian and not constructed or adapted for use or used for the carriage of a driver or passenger;

• “plated weight” in relation to an axle, means the maximum weight in Great Britain shown for that axle in the plate complying with the requirements of regulation 69(2) or the weight shown for that axle in the foreign plate with which the vehicle is equipped;

• “pneumatic tyre” means a tyre which— is provided with, or together with the wheel upon which it is mounted forms, a continuous closed chamber inflated to a pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure when the tyre is in the condition in which it is normally used but is not subjected to any load; is capable of being inflated and deflated without removal from the wheel or vehicle; and is such that, when it is deflated and is subjected to a normal load, the sides of the tyre collapse;

• “public works vehicle” means a mechanically propelled vehicle which is specially designed for use on a road by any statutory undertaker, or any police force for the purpose of works which such undertaker, or force has a duty or a power to carry out, but excluding the carriage of persons other than crew or of goods other than goods needed for the works in respect of which the vehicle is being used;

• “recut pneumatic tyre” means a pneumatic tyre in which all or part of its original tread pattern has been cut deeper or burnt deeper or a different tread pattern has been cut deeper or burnt deeper than the original tread pattern;

• “refuse vehicle” means a vehicle designed for use and used solely in connection with street cleansing, the collection or disposal of refuse, or the collection or disposal of the contents of gullies or cesspools;

• “registered” means registered under any of the following enactments— the 1920 Act; the 1949 Act; the 1954 Act; the 1962 Act; the 1971 Act; or the 1972 Act; and in relation to the date on which a vehicle was registered, the date on which it was first registered under any of those Acts;

• “relevant braking requirement” means a requirement that the brakes of a motor vehicle (as assisted, where a trailer is being drawn, by the brakes on the trailer) comply— in a case to which item 1 in Table I in regulation 24 applies, with the requirements as to maintenance specified in regulation 24(5) for vehicles falling in that item; in any other case, with the requirements as to maintenance specified in regulation 24(5) for vehicle classes (a) and (b) in item 2 of that Table (whatever the date of first use of the motor vehicle and the date of manufacture of any trailer drawn by it may be);

• “resilient tyre” means a tyre, not being a pneumatic tyre, which is of soft or elastic material, having regard to paragraph (5);

• “restricted speed vehicle” means a vehicle displaying at its rear a plate in accordance with the requirements of Schedule 16;

• “retreaded tyre” means a tyre which has been reconditioned to extend its useful life by replacement of the tread rubber or by replacement of the tread rubber and renovation of the sidewall rubber;

• “rigid vehicle” means a motor vehicle which is not constructed or adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle;

• “rim diameter” is to be interpreted in accordance with the British Standard BS AU 50: Part II: Section 1: 1980 entitled “British Standard Automobile Series: Specification for Tyres and Wheels Part II. Wheels and Rims Section 1. Rim profiles and dimensions (including openings for valves)” which came into effect on 28th November 1980;

• “rim diameter size code” is to be interpreted in accordance with the British Standard referred to in the definition of “rim diameter”;

• “secondary braking system” means a braking system of a vehicle applied by a secondary means of operation independent of the service braking system or by one of the sections comprised in a split braking system;

• “semi-trailer” means a trailer which is constructed or adapted to form part of an articulated vehicle including (without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) a vehicle which is not itself a motor vehicle but which has some or all of its wheels driven by the drawing vehicle;

• “service braking system” means the braking system of a vehicle which is designed and constructed to have the highest braking efficiency of any of the braking systems with which the vehicle is equipped;

• “silencer” means a contrivance suitable and sufficient for reducing as far as is reasonable the noise caused by the escape of exhaust gases from the engine of a motor vehicle;

• “single-decked vehicle” means a vehicle upon which no part of a deck or gangway is vertically above another deck or gangway;

• “split braking system” means in relation to a motor vehicle, a braking system so designed and constructed that— it comprises two independent sections of mechanism capable of developing braking force such that, excluding the means of operation, a failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) of one of the said sections will not cause a decrease in the braking force capable of being developed by the other section; the said two sections are operated by a means of operation which is common to both sections; the braking efficiency of either of the said two sections can be readily checked;

• “staircase” means a staircase by means of which passengers on a double-decked vehicle may pass to and from the upper deck of the vehicle;

• “statutory undertaker” means any person including a government department or district council authorised by any statutory provision to carry on any railway, canal, inland navigation, ferry, dock, harbour, gas, water, electricity, or other public undertaking and includes the Post Office and an operator of a telecommunications code system as defined in paragraph l(1) of Schedule 4 to the Telecommunications Act 1984[^f00019];

• “stepframe low loader” means a semi-trailer (not being a low loader) which is constructed and normally used for the carriage of engineering equipment and is so constructed that the upper surface of the major part of the load platform is at a height of less than 1m above the ground when measured on level ground and when— any adjustable suspension is at the normal travelling height; all pneumatic tyres are suitably inflated for use when the vehicle is fully laden; and the semi-trailer is unladen.

• “stored energy” in relation to a braking system of a vehicle, means energy (other than the muscular energy of the driver or the mechanical energy of a spring) stored in a reservoir for the purpose of applying the brakes under the control of the driver, either directly or as a supplement to his muscular energy;

• “straddle carrier” means a motor vehicle constructed to straddle and lift its load for the purpose of transportation;

• “statutory power of removal” means a power conferred by or under any enactment to remove or move a vehicle from any road or from any part of a road;

• “three-wheeled motor-cycle” means a motor-cycle having three wheels, but does not include a two-wheeled motor-cycle with a sidecar attached;

• “towing implement” means a device on wheels designed for the purpose of enabling a motor vehicle to draw another vehicle by the attachment of that device to that other vehicle in such a manner that part of that other vehicle is secured to and either rests on or is suspended from the device and some but not all of the wheels on which that other vehicle normally runs are raised off the ground;

• “track-laying” in relation to a vehicle means a vehicle so designed and constructed that the weight thereof is transmitted to the road surface either by means of continuous tracks or by a combination of wheels and continuous tracks in such circumstances that the weight transmitted to the road surface by the tracks is not less than half the weight of the vehicle;

• “trailer” means a vehicle drawn by a motor vehicle and is to be interpreted in accordance with paragraph (11);

• “train weight” means in relation to a motor vehicle which may draw a trailer, the maximum laden weight for the motor vehicle together with any trailer which may be drawn by it;

• “transverse plane” means a vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of a vehicle;

• “unbraked trailer” means a trailer other than one which, whether or not regulation 20 or 21 applies to it, is equipped with a braking system in accordance with one of those regulations;

• “unladen weight” means the weight of a vehicle or trailer inclusive of the body and all parts (the heavier being taken where alternative bodies or parts are used) which are necessary to or ordinarily used with the vehicle or trailer when working on a road, but exclusive of the weight of water, fuel or accumulators used for the purpose of the supply of power for the propulsion of the vehicle or, as the case may be, of any vehicle by which the trailer is drawn, and of loose tools and loose equipment;

• “vehicle in the service of a visiting force or of a headquarters” means a vehicle so described in Article 8(6) of the Visiting Forces and International Headquarters (Application of Law) Order 1965[^f00020];

• “wheel” means a wheel the tyre or rim of which when the vehicle is in motion on a road is in contact with the ground. Two wheels are to be regarded as one wheel in the circumstances specified in paragraph (7);

• “wheeled” in relation to a vehicle, means so constructed that the whole weight of the vehicle is transmitted to the road surface by means of wheels;

• “wide tyre” means a pneumatic tyre of which the area of contact with the road surface is not less than 300mm in width when measured at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle;

• “works trailer” means a trailer designed for use in private premises and used on a road only in delivering goods from or to such premises to or from a vehicle on a road in the immediate neighbourhood, or in passing from one part of any such premises to another or to other private premises in the immediate neighbourhood or in connection with road works while at or in the immediate neighbourhood of the site of such works;

• “works truck” means a motor vehicle (other than a straddle carrier) designed for use in private premises and used on a road only in delivering goods from or to such premises to or from a vehicle on a road in the immediate neighbourhood, or in passing from one part of any such premises to another or to other private premises in the immediate neighbourhood or in connection with road works while at or in the immediate neighbourhood of the site of such works.

• (2) The expressions defined below are used in these Regulations and relate to the European Economic Community—

• “the Act of Accession” means the Treaty concerning the Accession of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland, the Kingdom of Norway and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community[^f00021];

• “Community Directive, followed by a number” means the Directive adopted by the Council or the Commission of the European Communities of which identifying particulars are given in the item in column 3 of Table I in Schedule 1 in which that number appears in column 2. Where such a Directive amends a previous Directive mentioned in column 3(d) of the Table the reference to the amending Directive includes a reference to that previous Directive as so amended;

• Any reference to a Directive which has been amended by the Act of Accession is a reference to the Directive as so amended;

• “EEA State” means a state which is a contracting party to the EEA Agreement;

• “EEA Agreement” means the Agreement on the European Economic Area signed at Oporto on 2nd May 1992 as adjusted by the Protocol signed at Brussels on 17th March 1993[^f00022];

• “ECE Regulation, followed by a number” means the Regulation, annexed to the Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval for Motor Vehicles Equipment and Parts and reciprocal recognition thereof concluded at Geneva on 20th March 1958[^f00023] as amended[^f00024], to which the United Kingdom is a party[^f00025], of which identifying particulars are given in the item in column (3)(a), (b) and (c) of Table II in Schedule 1 in which that number appears in column (2), and where that number contains more than two digits, it refers to that Regulation with the amendments in force at the date specified in column (3)(d) in that item;

• “Framework Directive” means Council Directive 70/156/EEC[^f00026] as amended by Council Directive 87/403/EEC[^f00027], Council Directive 92/53/EEC[^f00028], Commission Directive 93/81/EC[^f00029], Council Directive 96/27/EC[^f00030], Council Directive 96/79/EC[^f00031] and Commission Directive 98/14/EC[^f00032].

• (3) In these Regulations any reference to a Table, or to a numbered Table, is a reference to the Table, or to the Table bearing that number, in the regulation or Schedule in which that reference occurs.

• (4) For the purpose of these Regulations, in determining when a motor vehicle is first used, the date of such first use shall be taken to be such a date as is the earliest of the undermentioned relevant dates applicable to that vehicle—

• (a) in the case of a vehicle registered under the 1920 Act, the 1949 Act, the 1954 Act, the 1962 Act, the 1971 Act or the 1972 Act, the relevant date is the date on which it was first so registered; and

• (b) in each of the following cases—

• (i) a vehicle which is being or has been used under a trade licence issued under section 16 of the 1972 Act (otherwise than for the purposes of demonstration or testing or of being delivered from premises of the manufacturer by whom it was made or of a distributor of vehicles, or dealer in vehicles, to premises of a distributor of vehicles, dealer in vehicles or purchaser thereof or to premises of a person obtaining possession thereof under a hiring agreement or hire purchase agreement);

• (ii) a vehicle belonging, or which has belonged, to the Crown and which is or was used or appropriated for use for naval, military or air force purposes;

• (iii) a vehicle belonging, or which has belonged, to a visiting force or a headquarters or defence organisation to which in each case the Visiting Forces and International Headquarters (Application of Law) Order 1965 applies;

• (iv) a vehicle which has been used on roads outside the United Kingdom before being imported into Northern Ireland; and

• (v) a vehicle which has been used otherwise than on roads after being sold or supplied by retail and before being registered;

the relevant date is the date of manufacture of the vehicle.

In sub-paragraph (b)(v) “sold or supplied by retail” means sold or supplied otherwise than to a person acquiring it solely for the purpose of resale or re-supply for a valuable consideration.

• (5) A tyre shall not be deemed to be of soft or elastic material unless the said material is either—

• (a) continuous round the circumference of the wheel; or

• (b) fitted in sections so that so far as reasonably practicable no space is left between the ends thereof,

and is of such thickness and design as to minimise, so far as reasonably possible, vibration when the vehicle is in motion and so constructed as to be free from any defect which might in any way cause damage to the surface of a road.

• (6) For the purpose of these Regulations a brake drum and a brake disc shall be deemed to form part of the wheel and not of the braking system.

• (7) For the purpose of these Regulations (other than regulations 30 and 31) any two wheels of a motor vehicle or trailer shall be regarded as one wheel if the distance between the centres of the areas of contact between such wheels and the road surface is less than 460mm.

• (8) For the purpose of these Regulations (other than regulations 30 and 31) in counting the number of axles of, and in determining the sum of the weights transmitted to the road surface by any one axle of, a vehicle, all the wheels of which the centres of the areas of contact with the road surface can be included between any two transverse planes less than 0.5m apart shall be treated as constituting one axle.

• (9) For the purposes of these Regulations, a reference to axles being closely-spaced is a reference to—

• (a) two axles (not being part of a group of axles falling within sub-paragraph (b) or (c)) which are spaced at a distance apart of not more than 2.5m;

• (b) three axles (not being part of a group of axles falling within sub-paragraph (c)) the outermost of which are spaced at a distance apart of not more than 3.25m; or

• (c) four or more axles the outermost of which are spaced at a distance apart of not more than 4.6m;

the number of axles for the purposes of these paragraphs being determined in accordance with paragraph (8); and a reference to any particular number of closely-spaced axles shall be construed accordingly.

• (10) For the purpose of paragraph (9), regulations 59, 86, 87, 89 and Schedules 13 and 14, the distance between any two axles shall be obtained by measuring the shortest distance between the line joining the centres of the areas of contact with the road surface of the wheels of one axle and the line joining the centres of the areas of contact with the road surface of the wheels of the other axle.

• (11) For the purpose only of the provisions specified in sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c), a composite trailer shall be treated as one trailer—

• (a) regulations 6, 88 and 95;

• (b) paragraph (2) of, and items 3 and 10 in the Table in, regulation 87; and

• (c) item 2 in the Table in regulation 90.

Application and exemptions

3

• (1) These Regulations apply to both wheeled vehicles and track-laying vehicles.

• (2) Where a provision is applied by these Regulations to a motor vehicle first used on or after a specified date it does not apply to that vehicle if it was manufactured at least six months before that date.

• (3) Where an exemption from, or relaxation of, a provision is applied by these Regulations to a motor vehicle first used before a specified date it shall also apply to a motor vehicle first used on or after that date if it was manufactured at least six months before that date.

• (4) The regulations specified in an item in column 3 of the Table do not apply in respect of a vehicle of a class specified in that item in column 2.

(1)	(2)	(3)
Item	Class of vehicle	Regulations which do not apply
1	A vehicle proceeding to a port for export.	The regulations in Part II insofar as they relate to construction and equipment, except regulations 21 (insofar as it concerns parking brakes) 26, 35, 39, 44, 62. Regulations 79 to 85.
2	A vehicle brought temporarily into Northern Ireland by a person resident abroad, provided that the vehicle complies in every respect with the requirements relating to motor vehicles or trailers contained in— Article 21 and Article 22(1) of the Convention on Road Traffic concluded at Geneva on 19th September 1949[^f00033] and Part I, Part II (insofar as it relates to direction indicators and stop lights) and Part III of Annex 6 to that Convention; or paragraphs 1, III and VIII of Article 3 of the International Convention relative to Motor Traffic concluded at Paris on 24th April 1926[^f00034].	The regulations in Part II insofar as they relate to construction and equipment except regulations 6, 7, 9, 10, 49 and 62. Regulations 79 to 85.
3	A vehicle manufactured in the United Kingdom which complies with the requirements referred to in item 2 and contained in the said Convention of 1949, or, as the case may be, 1926 referred to in that item as if the vehicle had been brought temporarily into Northern Ireland and either— car tax on it is remitted or repaid under section 7(1) or (2), or a waiver is made under section 7(3), of the Car Tax Act 1983[^f00035]; or its supply is zero rated under regulation 56 or 57 of the Value Added Tax (General) Regulations 1985[^f00036].	The regulations in Part II insofar as they relate to construction and equipment, except regulations 6, 7, 9, and 49. Regulations 79 to 85.
4	A vehicle in the service of a visiting force or of a headquarters.	The regulations in Part II insofar as they relate to construction and equipment, except regulations 21 (insofar as it concerns parking brakes), 62, 74. Regulations 79 to 91 and 108.
5	A vehicle which has been submitted for a test or an examination under Articles 61, 75 and 76 of the Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, while it is being used on a road in connection with the carrying out of that test or examination and is being so used by a person who is empowered under that Article to carry out that test or examination, or by a person acting under the direction of a person so empowered.	The regulations in Part II. Regulations 87 to 91 and 115.
6	A motor car or a motor cycle in respect of which a certificate has been issued by the Officer in Charge of the National Collections of Road Transport, the Science Museum, London SW7, that it was designed before 1st January 1905 and constructed before 31st December 1905.	Regulations 21 (except insofar as it applies requirements 3 and 6 in the Table in Schedule 2), 44(4), 76 and 114(4).
7	a A towing implement which is being drawn by a motor vehicle while it is not attached to any vehicle except the one drawing it if— i the towing implement is not being so drawn during the hours of darkness, and ii the vehicle by which it is being so drawn is not driven at a speed exceeding 20 mph; or b a vehicle which is being drawn by a motor vehicle in the exercise of a statutory power of removal.	The regulations in Part II insofar as they relate to the construction and equipment of trailers, except regulation 26.

• (5) Any reference to a broken down vehicle includes a reference to any towing implement which is being used for the drawing of such a vehicle.

Trade Descriptions Act 1968

4

Any provision of these Regulations which requires a vehicle or any of its parts or equipment to be marked with a specification number or the registered certification trade mark of the British Standards Institution or with an approval mark, or which provides that such a marking is treated as evidence of compliance with a standard to which the marking relates, shall not be taken to authorise any person to apply any such marking to the vehicle, part or equipment in contravention of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968[^f00037].

Compliance with Community Directives and ECE Regulations

5

• (1) For the purpose of any regulation which requires or permits a vehicle to comply with the requirements of a Community Directive or an ECE Regulation, a vehicle shall be deemed so to have complied at the date of its first use only if—

• (a) one of the certificates referred to in paragraph (2) has been issued in relation to it;

• (b) the marking referred to in paragraph (3) has been applied; or it was, before it was used on a road, subject to a relevant type approval requirement as specified in paragraph (4).

• (2) The certificates mentioned in paragraph (1) are—

• (a) a type approval certificate issued by the Department under regulation 4 of the Type Approval Regulations;

• (b) a certificate of conformity issued by the manufacturer of the vehicle under regulation 7 of those Regulations; or

• (c) a certificate issued under a provision of the law of any member state of the European Economic Community which corresponds to the said regulations 5 or 7,

being in each case a certificate issued by reason of the vehicle’s conforming to the requirements of the Community Directive in question.

• (3) The marking mentioned in paragraph (1)(b) is a marking designated as an approval mark by regulation 4 of the Approval Marks Regulations, being in each case a mark shown in column (2) of an item in Schedule 2 to those Regulations which refers, in column (5), to the ECE Regulation in question, applied as indicated in column (4) in that item.

• (4) A relevant type approval requirement is a requirement of the Northern Ireland Regulations which appear—

• (a) in column 4 of Table I of Schedule 1 in the item in which the Community Directive in question appears in column 3, or

• (b) in column 4 of Table II of Schedule 1 in the item in which the ECE Regulation in question appears in column 3.

Part II — Construction, Equipment and Maintenance of Vehicles

A — — Dimensions and Manoeuvrability

Length

6

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) to (10), the overall length of a vehicle or combination of vehicles of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table shall not exceed the maximum length specified in that item in column 3 of the Table, the overall length in the case of a combination of vehicles being calculated in accordance with regulation 94(l)(g) and (h).

(1)	(2)	(3)
Item	Class of vehicle	Maximum length (metres)
	Vehicle combinations
1.	A motor vehicle (other than a motor vehicle such as is mentioned in item 2) drawing one trailer which is not a semi-trailer	18·75
2.	Subject to paragraph (6), a motor vehicle manufactured before 20th April 1999 and drawing one trailer, where the combination does not meet the requirements of paragraph (9) and the trailer is not a semi-trailer	18
3.	An articulated bus	18
4.	An articulated vehicle the semi-trailer of which does not meet the requirements of paragraph (10) and is not a low loader	15·5
5.	An articulated vehicle, the semi-trailer of which meets the requirements of paragraph (10) and is not a low loader	16·5
6.	An articulated vehicle, the semi-trailer of which is a low loader	18
	Motor vehicles
7.	A wheeled motor vehicle	12
8.	A track-laying motor vehicle	9·2
	Trailers
9.	An agricultural trailed appliance manufactured on or after 1st December 1985	15
10.	A semi-trailer manufactured on or after 1st May 1983 which does not meet the requirements of paragraph (10) and is not a low loader.	12·2
11.	A composite trailer drawn by— a goods vehicle being a motor vehicle having a maximum gross weight exceeding 3,500 kg; or an agricultural motor vehicle.	14·04
12.	A trailer (not being a semi-trailer or composite trailer) with at least 4 wheels which is— drawn by a goods vehicle being a motor vehicle having a maximum gross weight exceeding 3,500 kg; or an agricultural trailer.	12
13.	Any other trailer not being an agricultural trailed appliance or a semi-trailer.	7

• (2) In the case of a motor vehicle drawing one trailer where—

• (a) the motor vehicle is a showman’s vehicle as defined in paragraph 7 of Schedule 3 to the 1972 Act; and

• (b) the trailer is a living van,

item 1 in the Table applies with the substitution of 22m for 18m and item 2 in the Table does not apply.

• (3) Items 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Table do not apply to—

• (a) a vehicle combination which includes a trailer which is constructed and normally used for the conveyance of indivisible loads of exceptional length, or

• (b) a vehicle combination consisting of a broken down vehicle (including an articulated vehicle) being drawn by a motor vehicle in consequence of a breakdown, or

• (c) an articulated vehicle, the semi-trailer of which is a low loader manufactured before 1st April 1991.

• (4) Items 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the Table do not apply to—

• (a) a trailer which is constructed and normally used for the conveyance of indivisible loads of exceptional length,

• (b) a broken down vehicle (including an articulated vehicle) which is being drawn by a motor vehicle in consequence of a breakdown, or

• (c) a trailer being a drying or mixing plant designed for the production of asphalt or of bituminous or tar macadam and used mainly for the construction, repair or maintenance of roads, or a road planing machine so used.

• (5) Furthermore item 9 does not apply to—

• (a) a semi-trailer which is a car transporter,

• (b) a semi-trailer which is normally used on international journeys any part of which takes place outside the United Kingdom.

• (6) Item 2 and the words “(other than a motor vehicle such as is mentioned in item 2)” in item 1 of the Table shall cease to have effect after 31st December 2006.

• (7) Where a motor vehicle is drawing—

• (a) two trailers, then only one of those trailers may exceed an overall length of 7m;

• (b) three trailers, then none of those trailers shall exceed an overall length of 7m.

• (8) Where a motor vehicle is drawing—

• (a) two or more trailers; or

• (b) one trailer constructed and normally used for the conveyance of indivisible loads of exceptional length—

then—

• (i) the overall length of that motor vehicle shall not exceed 9.2m; and

• (ii) the overall length of the combination of vehicles, calculated in accordance with regulation 94(l)(g) and (h), shall not exceed 25.9m, unless the conditions specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Part I of Schedule 15 have been complied with.

• (9) The requirements of this paragraph, in relation to a combination of vehicles, are that at least one of the vehicles in the combination is not a goods vehicle or, if both vehicles in the combination are goods vehicles that—

• (a) the maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the combination of vehicles from the foremost point of the loading area behind the driver’s cab to the rear of the trailer, less the distance between the rear of the motor vehicle and the front of the trailer, does not exceed 15.65m; and

• (b) the maximum distance measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the combination of vehicles from the foremost point of the loading area behind the driver’s cab to the rear of the trailer does not exceed 16.4m;

but sub-paragraph (a) shall not apply if both vehicles in the combination are car transporters.

• (10) The requirements of this paragraph, in relation to a semi-trailer, are that—

• (a) the longitudinal distance from the axis of the king-pin to the rear of the semi-trailer does not exceed—

• (i) 12.5m in the case of a car transporter, or

• (ii) 12m in any other case; and

• (b) no point in the semi-trailer forward of the transverse plane passing through the axis of the king-pin is more than—

• (i) 4.19m from the axis of the king-pin, in the case of a car transporter, or

• (ii) 2.04m from the axis of the king-pin, in any other case.

• (11) For the purposes of paragraph (9)—

• (a) where the forward end of the loading area of a motor vehicle is bounded by a wall, the thickness of the wall shall be regarded as part of the loading area; and

• (b) any part of a vehicle designed primarily for use as a means of attaching another vehicle to it and any fitting designed for use in connection with any such part shall be disregarded in determining the distance between the rear of a motor vehicle and the front of a trailer being drawn by it.

• (12) For the purpose of paragraph (10) the longitudinal distance from the axis of the king-pin to the rear of a semi-trailer is the distance between a transverse plane passing through the axis of the king-pin and the rear of the semi-trailer.

• (13) A motor vehicle drawing a trailer which is not a semi-trailer shall (unless it is a vehicle such as is mentioned in item 3 of the Table in paragraph (1)) comply with the requirements of paragraph (16).

• (14) Where a semi-trailer has more than one king-pin or is constructed so that it can be used with a king-pin in different positions, references in this regulation to a distance from the king-pin shall be construed—

• (a) in relation to a vehicle which was manufactured after 20th July 1999, as a reference to the foremost king-pin or the foremost king-pin position; and

• (b) in relation to any other vehicle, as a reference to the rearmost king-pin or the rearmost king-pin position.

• (15) For the purposes of paragraphs (9), (10) and (12)—

• (a) a reference to the front of a vehicle is a reference to the transverse plane passing through the extreme forward projecting points of the vehicle; and

• (b) a reference to the rear of a vehicle is a reference to the transverse plane passing through the extreme rearward projecting points of the vehicle,

inclusive (in each case) of all parts of the vehicle, of any receptacle which is of a permanent character and accordingly strong enough for repeated use, and any fitting on, or attached to the vehicle but exclusive of—

• (i) the things set out in sub-paragraph (i) of the definition of “overall length” in regulation 2(l), and

• (ii) in the case of a semi-trailer, the things set out in sub-paragraph (ii)(a) of that definition.

• (16) Where a broken articulated vehicle is being towed by a motor vehicle in consequence of a breakdown—

• (a) paragraph (8) shall have effect in relation to the combination of vehicles as if sub-paragraph (b) were omitted, and

• (b) for the purposes of paragraph (7) and of paragraph (8) as so modified, the articulated vehicle shall be regarded as a single trailer.

• (17) No person shall use or cause or permit to be used on a road, a trailer with an overall length exceeding 18.65m unless the requirements of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Part I of Schedule 15 are complied with.

Width

7

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), the overall width of a vehicle of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table shall not exceed the maximum width specified in column 3 in that item.

(1)	(2)	(3)
Item	Class of vehicle	Maximum width (metres)
1.	A locomotive, other than an agricultural motor vehicle.	2·75
2.	A refrigerated vehicle.	2.60
3.	Any other motor vehicle.	2.55
4.	A trailer drawn by a motor vehicle having a maximum gross weight (determined as provided in Part I of Schedule 11 to these Regulations) exceeding 3,500 kg.	2·55
5.	An agricultural trailer.	2.55
6.	An agricultural trailed appliance.	2.50
7.	Any other trailer drawn by a vehicle other than a motor cycle.	2·30
8	A trailer drawn by a motor cycle.	1.50

• (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a broken down vehicle which is being drawn in consequence of its breakdown.

• (3) A person shall not use, or cause or permit to be used, on a road a wheeled agricultural motor vehicle drawing a wheeled trailer if, when the longitudinal axes of the vehicles are parallel but in different vertical planes, the overall width of the two vehicles, measured as if they were one vehicle, exceeds 2.55m.

• (4) In this regulation “refrigerated vehicle” means any vehicle which is specially designed for the carriage of goods at low temperature and of which the thickness of each of the side walls, inclusive of insulation, is at least 45mm.

Height

8

The overall height of a bus shall not exceed 4.57m.

Indication of overall travelling height

9

• (1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, no person shall drive or cause or permit to be driven on a road a motor vehicle with an overall travelling height exceeding 3m unless a notice is displayed in the cab, in such a manner that it can easily be read by the driver, and the notice meets the requirements of paragraph (3).

• (2) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, no person shall use or cause or permit to be used on a road a motor vehicle with an overall travelling height exceeding 3m if any letters or numbers are displayed in the cab, otherwise than in a notice which meets the requirements of paragraph (3)—

• (a) where they could be read by the driver; and

• (b) which could be understood as indicating a height associated with the vehicle or any trailer drawn by it.

• (3) The requirements of this paragraph in respect of a notice are that—

• (a) the notice gives an indication of vehicle height expressed in feet and inches, or in both feet and inches and in metres;

• (b) the numbers giving the indication in feet and inches are at least 40mm tall;

• (c) the height expressed in feet and inches and (where applicable) the height expressed in metres are—

• (i) if the vehicle is a vehicle to which regulation 10 applies, not less than the predetermined height mentioned in regulation 10(2)(a) or the overall travelling height (whichever is the greater), or

• (ii) if the vehicle is not a vehicle to which regulation 10 applies, not less than the overall travelling height;

• (d) if the vehicle is not a relevant vehicle, the height expressed in feet and inches does not exceed the overall travelling height by more than 150mm;

• (e) if the vehicle is a relevant vehicle, the height expressed in feet and inches does not exceed the overall travelling height by more than 1m;

• (f) if the height is expressed in both feet and inches and in metres, the height expressed in feet and inches and the height expressed in metres do not differ by more than 50mm; and

• (g) no other letters or numbers which could be understood as being an indication of any height associated with the vehicle or any trailer drawn by it are displayed in the notice.

• (4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if, having regard to the lengths of road which the driver might drive along in the course of fulfilling the purpose of the journey taking into account any possibility of unforeseen diversions and the driver having difficulty in finding his way, it is highly unlikely that the driver would during the course of the journey encounter any bridge or other overhead structure which does not exceed by at least 1m—

• (a) in the case of a vehicle to which regulation 10 applies, the maximum travelling height; or

• (b) in any other case, the overall travelling height.

• (5) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a vehicle on a particular journey and at a particular time if—

• (a) one or more documents are being carried in the vehicle which are within the easy reach of the driver and that or those documents describe a route or a choice of routes which the driver must take in order to fulfil the purpose of the journey without risk of the vehicle, its load or equipment or any trailer drawn by the vehicle, its load or equipment, colliding with any bridge or other overhead structure; and

• (b) the vehicle is on such a route which is so described or is off that route by reason of a diversion that could not reasonably have been foreseen at the beginning of the journey.

• (6) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a vehicle on a particular journey if—

• (a) one or more documents are being carried in the vehicle which are within the easy reach of the driver and that or those documents contain information as to—

• (i) the height of bridges and other overhead structures under which the vehicle and any trailer drawn by it could pass, and

• (ii) the height of bridges and other overhead structures under which the vehicle and any trailer drawn by it could not pass,

without the vehicle, its load or equipment or any such trailer, its load or equipment, colliding with any bridge or other overhead structure; and

• (b) the information is such that, having regard in particular to the matters referred to in paragraph (7), it would enable any driver to fulfil the purpose of the journey without there being any risk of the vehicle, its load or equipment or any trailer, its load or equipment, colliding with any bridge or other overhead structure while on the journey.

• (7) The matters referred to in paragraph (6) are—

• (a) the roads which the driver might drive along in the course of fulfilling the purpose of the journey taking into account any possibility of unforeseen diversions and of the driver having difficulty in finding his way;

• (b) the height of bridges and other overhead structures that would be encountered were the vehicle to proceed along any of those roads; and

• (c) the setting of any device of a description specified in regulation 10(2).

• (8) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply to a motor vehicle if it has an overall travelling height of not more than 4m and—

• (a) it is a vehicle registered or put into circulation in an EEA State and is being used in international traffic; or

• (b) it is a motor vehicle drawing a trailer registered or put into circulation in an EEA State and that trailer is being used in international traffic.

• (9) For the purposes of this regulation—

• (a) “high level equipment” and “maximum travelling height” have the meanings given in regulation 12;

• (b) “overall travelling height” in relation to a motor vehicle means—

• (i) if it is not drawing a trailer, the overall height for the time being of the vehicle, its equipment and load, or

• (ii) if it is drawing one or more trailers, the overall height for the time being of the combination of vehicles, their equipment and loads;

• (c) a motor vehicle is a “relevant vehicle” if at any particular time—

• (i) the vehicle or any trailer drawn by it is fitted with high level equipment with a maximum height of more than 3m; and

• (ii) the overall travelling height is less than the maximum travelling height.

• (10) In paragraph (8), “international traffic” and “registered or put into circulation” have the same meanings as in Article 3 of Community Directive 85/3[^f00038].

Warning devices where certain high level equipment is fitted to a vehicle

10

• (1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation and regulations 11 and 12, no person shall drive or cause or permit to be driven on a road a vehicle to which this regulation applies unless the vehicle is fitted with a warning device and the requirements specified in paragraph (2) are satisfied in respect of the device, the vehicle and any relevant trailer drawn by the vehicle.

• (2) The requirements are—

• (a) that the device, the vehicle and any relevant trailer drawn by it shall be so constructed, maintained and adjusted, and the connections between the vehicle and those trailers are such, that the device would give a visible warning to the driver if, whilst the vehicle was being driven, the height of the highest point of any high level equipment fitted to the vehicle or any of those trailers were to exceed a predetermined height; and

• (b) the predetermined height referred to in sub-paragraph (a) shall not exceed the overall travelling height by more than 1m.

• (3) No person shall be taken to have failed to comply with paragraph (1) on the ground that a motor vehicle or a relevant trailer was not fitted with a warning device and the requirements in paragraph (2) were not being satisfied as mentioned in paragraph (1)—

• (a) before 1st August 1999—

• (i) if the motor vehicle was first used before 1st February 1999; or

• (ii) the relevant trailer was manufactured before 1st February 1999; or

• (b) before 1st February 1999 in relation to any other motor vehicle or relevant trailer.

• (4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in relation to a particular journey if, having regard to the lengths of road which the driver might drive along in the course of fulfilling the purpose of the journey and taking into account any possibility of unforeseen diversions and the driver having difficulty in finding his way, it is highly unlikely that the driver would during the course of the journey be confronted with any bridge or other overhead structure which does not exceed the maximum travelling height by at least 1m.

Vehicles to which regulation 10 applies

11

• (1) Subject to the provisions of this regulation, regulation 10 applies to—

• (a) a motor vehicle first used on or after 1st February 1994, if the vehicle or any relevant trailer drawn by it, is fitted with high level equipment with a maximum height of more than 3m; and

• (b) a motor vehicle first used before 1st February 1994, if any relevant trailer drawn by it is fitted with such equipment.

• (2) Regulation 10 does not apply to a motor vehicle if it has an overall travelling height of not more than 4m and—

• (a) it is a vehicle registered or put into circulation in an EEA State and is being used in international traffic; or

• (b) it is a motor vehicle drawing a trailer registered or put into circulation in an EEA State and that trailer is being used in international traffic, and

in this paragraph, “international traffic” and “registered or put into circulation” have the same meanings as in Article 3 of Community Directive 85/3.

• (3) Regulation 10 does not apply to—

• (a) an agricultural motor vehicle;

• (b) an industrial tractor;

• (c) a works truck;

• (d) a motor vehicle owned by the Secretary of State for Defence and used for naval, military or air force purposes or a motor vehicle so used while being driven by a person for the time being subject to orders of a member of the armed forces of the Crown;

• (e) a motor vehicle drawing a trailer owned by the Secretary of State for Defence and used for naval, military or air force purposes or a motor vehicle drawing such a trailer while being driven by a person for the time being subject to orders of a member of the armed forces of the Crown;

• (f) a motor vehicle used by a fire brigade maintained under the Fire Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1984[^f00039];

• (g) a motor vehicle that is constructed and normally used for the purpose of carrying at least two other vehicles;

• (h) a motor vehicle drawing a car transporter; or

• (i) a motor vehicle whose maximum travelling height does not exceed its overall travelling height.

Interpretation of regulations 10 and 11

12

• (1) The following provisions of this regulation apply for the interpretation of this regulation and regulations 10 and 11.

• (2) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), a reference to high level equipment, in relation to a motor vehicle, is a reference to equipment which is so fitted to the vehicle that—

• (a) the equipment can be raised by means of a power operated device, and

• (b) the raising or lowering of the equipment is capable of altering the overall travelling height of the motor vehicle when the vehicle and every trailer drawn by it is unladen.

• (3) Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), a reference to high level equipment, in relation to a trailer drawn by a motor vehicle, is a reference to equipment which is so fitted to the trailer that—

• (a) the equipment can be raised by means of a power operated device, and

• (b) the raising or lowering of the equipment is capable of altering the overall travelling height of the motor vehicle when the vehicle and every trailer drawn by it is unladen.

• (4) A reference to high level equipment in relation to a tipper which is—

• (a) a motor vehicle first used before 1st February 1999, or

• (b) a trailer manufactured before that date,

shall be construed as not including the relevant part of the tipper.

• (5) Where equipment fitted to a vehicle would otherwise be high level equipment, that equipment shall not be regarded as high level equipment if—

• (a) the equipment is so designed and constructed that—

• (i) it can be fixed in a stowed position by a locking device when travelling; and

• (ii) it is not possible for a person in the cab to interfere with the locking device; and

• (b) the equipment is fixed in that position by the locking device.

• (6) The following expressions shall bear the following meanings—

• (a) “maximum height”, in relation to any high level equipment fitted to a vehicle, means the height of the highest point of that equipment above the ground when it is raised as far as possible by means of that device and the vehicle is unladen;

• (b) “maximum travelling height”, in relation to a motor vehicle to which regulation 10 applies, means—

• (i) if the overall travelling height could be increased by raising any high level equipment fitted to the vehicle or to any relevant trailer drawn by that is not for the time being at its maximum height, the greatest overall travelling height that could be achieved by raising such equipment (without making any other changes to the vehicle, its load or equipment or to any trailer drawn by it, its load or equipment); or

• (ii) in any other case, the overall travelling height;

• (c) “overall travelling height” has the meaning given by regulation 9(9)(b);

• (d) “relevant part”, in relation to a tipper, shall be construed in accordance with sub-paragraph (e);

• (e) “tipper” means a vehicle that is so constructed that it can be unloaded by part of the vehicle (in this regulation referred to as the “relevant part”) being tipped sideways or rearwards, and

a reference to equipment fitted to a vehicle includes part of the vehicle.

• (7) “Relevant trailer” means a trailer manufactured on or after 1st February 1994 not being—

• (a) an agricultural trailer;

• (b) an agricultural trailed appliance;

• (c) a works trailer;

• (d) a trailer used by a fire brigade maintained under the Fire Services (Northern Ireland) Order 1984;

• (e) a broken down vehicle (including an articulated vehicle) being drawn by a motor vehicle in consequence of a breakdown.

Overhang

13

• (1) The overhang of a wheeled vehicle of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table shall not, subject to any exemption specified in that item in column 4, exceed the distance specified in that item in column 3.

(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
Item	Class of Vehicle	Maximum overhang	Exemptions
1.	Motor tractor	1.83m	a a track-laying vehicle b an agricultural motor vehicle
2.	Heavy motor car and motor car	60% of the distance between the transverse plane which passes through the centre or centres of the foremost wheel or wheels and the transverse plane which passes through the foremost point from which the overhang is to be measured as provided in regulation 2(1).	a a bus b a refuse vehicle c a works truck d a track-laying vehicle e an agricultural motor vehicle f a motor car which is an ambulance g a vehicle designed to dispose of its load to the rear, if the overhang does not exceed 1.15m h a vehicle first used before 2nd January 1933 i a vehicle first used before 1st January 1966 if— i the distance between the centres of the rearmost and foremost axles does not exceed 2.29m, and ii the distance specified in column 3 is not exceeded by more than 76mm j heating plant on a vehicle designed and mainly used to heat the surface of a road or other similar surface in the process of construction, repair or maintenance shall be disregarded.

• (2) In the case of an agricultural motor vehicle the distance measured horizontally and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rear portion of the vehicle between the transverse planes passing through the rearmost point of the vehicle and through the centre of the rear or the rearmost axle shall not exceed 3m.

• (3) A heavy motor car shall be taken to comply with the requirements of paragraph (1) if it meets the requirements of paragraph 7.6.2 of Annex I of Community Directive 97/27[^f00040].

Minimum ground clearance

14

• (1) Subject to paragraph (2), a wheeled trailer which is—

• (a) a goods vehicle; and

• (b) manufactured on or after 1st April 1984,

shall have a minimum ground clearance of not less than 160mm if the trailer has an axle interspace of more than 6m but less than 11.5m, and a minimum ground clearance of not less than 190mm if the trailer has an axle interspace of 11.5m or more.

• (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in the case of a trailer—

• (a) which is fitted with a suspension system with which, by the operation of a control, the trailer may be lowered or raised while that system is being operated to enable the trailer to pass under a bridge or other obstruction over a road, provided the system is operated so that no part of the trailer (excluding any wheel) touches the ground or is likely to do so; or

• (b) while it is being loaded or unloaded.

• (3) In this regulation—

• “axle interspace” means— in the case of a semi-trailer, the distance between the point of support of the semi-trailer at its forward end and, if it has only one axle, the centre of that axle or, if it has more than one axle, the point halfway between the centres of the foremost and rearmost of those axles; and in the case of any other trailer, the distance between the centre of its front axle or, if it has more than one axle at the front, the point halfway between the centres of the foremost and rearmost of those axles, and the centre of its rear axle or, if it has more than one axle at the rear, the point halfway between the centre of the foremost and rearmost of those axles;

• “ground clearance” means the shortest distance between the ground and the lowest part of that portion of the trailer (excluding any part of a suspension, steering or braking system attached to any axle, any wheel and any air skirt) which lies within the area formed by the overall width of the trailer and the middle 70% of the axle interspace, such distance being ascertained when the trailer— is fitted with suitable tyres which are inflated to a pressure recommended by the manufacturer, and is reasonably horizontal and standing on ground which is reasonably flat.

Turning circle — buses

15

• (1) This regulation applies to a bus first used on or after 1st April 1982.

• (2) A vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be able to move on either lock so that, both with and without all its wheels in contact with the ground, no part of it projects outside the area contained between concentric circles with radii of 12.5m and 5.3m.

• (3) In relation to a vehicle manufactured before 20th April 1999 paragraph (2) shall have effect as if the words “, both with and without all its wheels in contact with the ground,” were omitted.

• (4) When a vehicle to which this regulation applies moves forward from rest, on either lock, so that its outermost point describes a circle of 12m radius, no part of the vehicle shall project beyond the longitudinal plane which, at the beginning of the manoeuvre, defines the overall width of the vehicle on the side opposite to the direction in which it is turning by more than 0.8m if it is a rigid vehicle or 1.2m if it is an articulated bus.

• (5) For the purposes of paragraph (4) the two rigid portions of an articulated bus shall be in line at the beginning of the manoeuvre.

Turning circle — articulated vehicles other than those incorporating a car transporter

16

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), this regulation applies to an articulated vehicle having an overall length exceeding 15.5m.

• (2) This regulation does not apply to an articulated vehicle, the semi-trailer of which—

• (a) was manufactured before the 1st April 1990, and

• (b) has an overall length that does not exceed the overall length it had on that date.

• (3) This regulation does not apply to an articulated vehicle the semi-trailer of which is—

• (a) a car transporter,

• (b) a low loader,

• (c) stepframe low loader, or

• (d) constructed and normally used for the conveyance of indivisible loads of exceptional length.

• (4) Every vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be able to move on either lock so that, both with and without all its wheels in contact with the surface of the road and disregarding the things set out in paragraphs (a) to (m) in the definition of “overall width” and in sub-paragraph (i)(a) to (o) in the definition of “overall length” in regulation 2(1), no part of it projects outside the area contained between concentric circles with radii of 12.5m and 5.3m.

• (5) In relation to a vehicle manufactured before 20th April 1999 paragraph (4) shall have effect as if the words “both with and without all its wheels in contact with the surface of the road and” were omitted.

• (6) An articulated vehicle shall be taken to comply with paragraph (4) if the semi-trailer comprised in it is, by virtue of paragraph 7.6.1.2 of Annex I of Community Directive 97/27/EC, deemed to comply with paragraph 7.6.1 of that Annex.

Turning circle — articulated vehicles incorporating a car transporter

17

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), this regulation applies to an articulated vehicle having an overall length exceeding 15.5m, the semi-trailer of which is a car transporter.

• (2) This regulation does not apply to an articulated vehicle, the semi-trailer of which satisfied the following conditions—

• (a) it was manufactured before the 1st April 1990, and

• (b) the distance from the front of the trailer to the rearmost axle is no greater than it was on that date.

• (3) This regulation does not apply to an articulated vehicle the semi-trailer of which is—

• (a) a low loader, or

• (b) a stepframe low loader.

• (4) Every articulated vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be able to move on either lock so that, both with and without all its wheels in contact with the surface of the road and disregarding the things set out in paragraphs (a) to (m) in the definition of “overall width” and in sub-paragraph (i)(a) to (o) in the definition of “overall length” in regulation 2(1), no part of—

• (a) the motor vehicle drawing the car transporter, or

• (b) the car transporter to the rear of the transverse plane passing through the king-pin,

projects outside the area between concentric circles with radii of 12.5m and 5.3m.

• (5) In relation to a vehicle manufactured before 20th April 1999 paragraph (4) shall have effect as if the words “both with and without all its wheels in contact with the surface of the road” were omitted.

• (6) An articulated vehicle shall be taken to comply with paragraph (4) if the semi-trailer comprised in it is, by virtue of paragraph 7.6.1.2 of Annex I of Community Directive 97/27/EC, deemed to comply with paragraph 7.6.1 of that Annex.

Turning circle — heavy motor car

18

• (1) This regulation applies to a vehicle which—

• (a) is a heavy motor car or a vehicle combination which consists of a heavy motor car drawing one trailer which is not a semi-trailer;

• (b) was manufactured or, in the case of a vehicle combination, the part consisting of a heavy motor car, was manufactured after 19th April 1999; and

• (c) is not a vehicle falling within any of the descriptions specified in paragraph (2).

• (2) The descriptions of a vehicle referred to in paragraph (1)(c) are—

• (a) a vehicle having 4 or more axles where the distance between the foremost and rearmost axles exceeds 6.4 metres;

• (b) a vehicle or a vehicle combination to which regulation 15, 16 or 17 applies;

• (c) a vehicle constructed and normally used for the carriage of indivisible loads of abnormal length.

• (3) Every vehicle to which this regulation applies shall be able to move on either lock so that, both with and without all its wheels in contact with the surface of the road and disregarding the things set out in paragraphs (a) to (m) in the definition of “overall width” and in paragraph (i)(a) to (o) in the definition of “overall length” in regulation 2(1), no part of it projects outside the area contained between concentric circles with radii of 12.5 m and 5.3 m.

Connecting sections and direction-holding of articulated buses

19

• (1) This regulation applies to every articulated bus first used on or after 1st April 1982.

• (2) The connecting section of the two parts of every articulated bus to which this regulation applies shall be constructed so as to comply with the provisions relating to such a section specified in paragraph 5.9 in ECE Regulation 36 as regards vehicles within the scope of that Regulation.

• (3) Every articulated bus to which this regulation applies shall be constructed so that when the vehicle is moving in a straight line the longitudinal median planes of its two parts coincide and form a continuous plane without any deflection.

B — — Brakes

Braking systems of certain vehicles first used on or after 1st April 1983

20

• (1) Subject to paragraphs (6), (7) and (10), the braking system of a wheeled vehicle of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table which in the case of a motor vehicle, is first used on or after 1st April 1983 or which, in the case of a trailer, is manufactured on or after 1st October 1982, shall comply with the construction, fitting, and performance requirements specified in Annexes I, II and VII to Community Directive 79/489, and if relevant, Annexes III, IV, V, VI and VIII to that Directive, in relation to the category of vehicles specified in that item in column 3.

• Provided that it shall be lawful for any vehicle of such a class which, in the case of a motor vehicle, was first used before 1st April 1983 or which, in the case of a trailer, was manufactured before 1st October 1982 to comply with the said requirements instead of complying with regulations 21 and 22.

• (2) Subject to paragraphs (6), (7)(b) and (c), (8), (9), (10), (11) and (12), the braking system of a wheeled vehicle of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table which in the case of a motor vehicle, is first used on or after the relevant date or which, in the case of a trailer, is manufactured on or after the relevant date shall comply with the construction, fitting, and performance requirements specified in Annexes I, II and VII to Community Directive 85/647, and if relevant, Annexes III, IV, V, VI, VIII, X, XI and XII to that Directive, in relation to the category of vehicles specified in that item in column 3.

• Provided that it shall be lawful for any vehicle of such a class which, in the case of a motor vehicle, was first used before the relevant date or which, in the case of a trailer, was manufactured before the relevant date, to comply with the said requirements instead of complying with paragraph (1), or with regulations 21 and 22.

• (3) In paragraph (2), the relevant date in relation to a vehicle of a class specified in item 1 or 2 of the Table is 1st April 1990, in relation to a vehicle specified in item 4 of that Table is 1st April 1992, in relation to a vehicle specified in items 7, 8, 9 or 10 of that Table is 1st October 1988 and in relation to a vehicle of any other class is 1st April 1989.

• (4) Save as provided in paragraphs (6), (7), (8) and (11), the braking system of every wheeled vehicle of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table which in the case of a motor vehicle is first used on or after 13th April 1992 or which in the case of a trailer is manufactured on or after 13th October 1991 shall comply with the construction, fitting and performance requirements specified in Annexes I, II and VII to Community Directive 88/194, and if relevant, Annexes III, IV, V, VI, VIII, X, XI and XII to that Directive, in relation to the category of vehicles specified in that item in column 3.

• Provided that it shall be lawful for any vehicle of such a class which, in the case of a motor vehicle was first used before 13th April 1992 or which, in the case of a trailer, was manufactured before 13th October 1991, to comply with the said requirements instead of complying with paragraph (1) or (2), or with regulations 21 and 22.

• (5) Save as provided in paragraphs (6), (7)(b) and (c), (8) and (11), the braking system of every wheeled vehicle of a class specified in an item in column 2 of the Table which, in the case of a motor vehicle, is first used on or after 1st May 1997 or which, in the case of a trailer, is manufactured on or after that date, shall comply with the construction, fitting and performance requirements specified in Annexes I, II, and VII to Community Directive 91/422 and, if relevant, Annexes III, IV, V, VI, VIII, X, XI and XII to that Directive, in relation to the category of vehicles specified in that item in column 3.

Provided that it shall be lawful for any vehicle of such a class which, in the case of a motor vehicle, was first used before 1st May 1997 or which, in the case of a trailer, was manufactured before that date to comply with the said requirements instead of complying with paragraph (1), (2) or (4) or with regulations 21 and 22.