Legalize / United Kingdom / Public General Act

Education Reform Act 1988

Type Public General Act

Publication 1988-07-29

Last updated 2024-08-01

State In force

Department Statute Law Database

Source legislation.gov.uk

articles Not indexed

Reform history JSON API

(4) The authority shall appoint a person recommended for appointment to a non-teaching post at such a school by the governing body on such terms as to give effect, so far as relates to any matter mentioned in sub-paragraph (2) above, to the governing body’s recommendation with respect to that matter unless he does not meet any staff qualification requirements which are applicable in relation to his appointment.

(5) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(c) above, the authority are to be regarded as having a discretion with respect to the remuneration to be paid to a person appointed to any such post if any provisions regulating the rates of remuneration or allowances payable to persons in the authority’s employment either—

(a) do not apply in relation to that appointment; or

(b) leave to the authority any degree of discretion with respect to rate of remuneration or allowances in the case of that appointment.

The clerk to the governing body

5

(1) In the case of any vacancy in the office of clerk to the governing body of a school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies, the local education authority concerned shall appoint a person selected by the governing body.

(2) Before selecting a person to recommend for such appointment, the governing body shall consult the chief education officer of the authority.

Discipline

6

(1) The regulation of conduct and discipline in relation to the staff of any school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies, and any procedures for affording to members of the staff opportunities for seeking redress of any grievances relating to their employment, shall be under the control of the governing body.

(2) The governing body of any such school shall establish—

(a) disciplinary rules and procedures; and

(b) procedures such as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) above;

and shall take such steps as appear to them to be appropriate for making them known to the staff at the school.

(3) Where the implementation of any determination made by the governing body in the exercise of their control over the conduct and discipline of the staff of any such school requires any action which—

(a) is not within the functions exercisable by the governing body by virtue of this Act; but

(b) is within the power of the local education authority concerned;

it shall be the duty of the authority to take that action at the request of the governing body.

Suspension

7

(1) In the case of any school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies, the governing body and the head teacher shall both have power to suspend any person employed to work at the school where, in the opinion of the governing body or (as the case may be) of the head teacher, his exclusion from the school is required.

(2) The governing body or head teacher, when exercising that power, shall immediately inform the local education authority concerned and the head teacher or (as the case may be) the governing body.

(3) Any suspension under this paragraph may only be ended by the governing body; and the governing body shall, on ending such a suspension, immediately inform the local education authority concerned and the head teacher.

(4) In this paragraph “suspend” means suspend without loss of emoluments.

Dismissal, etc.

8

(1) Where the governing body of any school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies determine—

(a) that any person employed to work at the school should cease to work there; or

(b) that the clerk to the governing body should be dismissed;

they shall notify the local education authority concerned in writing of their determination and the reasons for it.

(2) If in a case within sub-paragraph (1)(a) above—

(a) the person concerned is employed to work solely at the school; and

(b) he does not resign;

the authority shall, before the end of the period of fourteen days beginning with the date on which the notification under sub-paragraph (1) above is given in relation to him, either give him such notice terminating his contract of employment with the authority as is required under that contract or terminate that contract without notice if the circumstances are such that they are entitled to do so by reason of his conduct.

(3) If in a case within sub-paragraph (1)(a) above the person concerned is not employed to work solely at the school the authority shall require him to cease to work at the school.

(4) In any case within sub-paragraph (3) above no part of the costs incurred by the authority in respect of the emoluments of the person concerned, so far as relates to any period falling after the expiration of his contractual notice period, shall be met from the school’s budget share.

(5) In relation to any such person, the reference in sub-paragraph (4) above to his contractual notice period is a reference to the period of notice that would have been required under his contract of employment with the authority for termination of that contract if such notice had been given on the date on which the notification under sub-paragraph (1) above was given in relation to him.

(6) In a case within sub-paragraph (1)(b) above the authority shall dismiss the clerk to the governing body on receipt of the notification from the governing body.

(7) The governing body of such a school shall make arrangements for affording to any person in respect of whom they propose to make any determination under sub-paragraph (1) above an opportunity of making representations with respect to the action they propose to take, including (if he so wishes) oral representations to such person or persons as the governing body may appoint for the purpose, and shall have regard to any representations made by him.

(8) The governing body of such a school shall also make arrangements for affording to any person in respect of whom they have made such a determination an opportunity of appealing against it before they notify the authority of the determination.

(9) The head teacher (except where he is the person concerned) and the chief education officer of the authority shall be entitled to attend, for the purpose of giving advice, all proceedings of the governing body relating to any determination under sub-paragraph (1) above; and the governing body shall consider any advice given by a person entitled to attend such proceedings under this sub-paragraph before making any such determination.

9

(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2) below, a local education authority shall not dismiss a person employed by the authority to work solely at a school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies except as provided by paragraph 8 above.

(2) Sub-paragraph (1) above shall not apply in any case where the dismissal of the person in question is required under any regulations made under section 27 of the 1980 Act.

School meal staff

10

Nothing in paragraphs 4 and 6 to 9 above shall apply in relation to the appointment of a person to work at a school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies, or in relation to a person so employed, where—

(a) the person concerned is to be, or is, employed to work solely in connection with the provision of meals; and

(b) less than 50 per cent. of the person’s remuneration will be, or is, met from the school’s delegated budget.

Interpretation

11

(1) References in this Schedule to a vacancy in any post shall be read in accordance with paragraph 1(2) above.

(2) References in this Schedule to staff qualification requirements shall be read in accordance with paragraph 1(6) above.

(3) References in this Schedule to the chief education officer of a local education authority include references to any officer of the authority nominated by the chief education officer.

SCHEDULE 4

New county and voluntary schools: general

1

(1) This paragraph applies to any new school other than one which will be a special school.

(2) For the purposes of the application (in accordance with the following provisions of this Schedule) of any provisions of Chapter III of Part I of this Act and Schedule 3 to this Act in relation to such schools—

(a) references to a school conducted by a governing body shall be read as including references to a new school which has a temporary governing body (and other references to the governing body of a school shall be read as including references to the temporary governing body of a new school);

(b) references to a county or voluntary school maintained by a local education authority (or to county or voluntary schools) shall be read as including references to a new school which on implementation of the relevant proposal will be a county or voluntary school so maintained; and

(c) references to a voluntary school of any particular category shall be read as including references to a new school which on implementation of the relevant proposal will be a voluntary school of that category.

Application of schemes in relation to new schools

2

(1) For the purposes of that Chapter, a new school to which paragraph 1 above applies is required to be covered in any financial year by a scheme made under section 33 of this Act by a local education authority if it has a temporary governing body during the whole or any part of that year; but the provisions of that Chapter apply in the case of such a school subject to the modifications provided for below in this paragraph.

(2) Where a school required to be covered by a scheme in any financial year is a new school during the whole or any part of that year, the provision required by section 38(3)(a) of this Act shall not apply in relation to the determination of the school’s budget share for that year so far as that share falls in accordance with the scheme to be treated as referable to planned expenditure by the authority concerned for the purposes of the school in respect of any period falling before the implementation of the relevant proposal.

(3) Accordingly, in the case of any school to which sub-paragraph (2) above applies—

(a) paragraph (e) of subsection (4) of section 42 of this Act shall apply as if it referred to such part (if any) of the school’s budget share for the financial year in question as falls to be determined in accordance with the provision required by section 38(3)(a);

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

and the statement under subsection (3) of that section shall include in relation to any such school the additional particulars mentioned in sub-paragraph (4) below.

(4) Those particulars are—

(a) the amount of such part (if any) of the school’s budget share for the financial year in question (as initially determined for the purposes of the scheme) as falls in accordance with the scheme to be treated as referable to planned expenditure such as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (2) above;

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) Sub-paragraph (2) above shall not be taken as prejudicing the inclusion in the allocation formula under a scheme by virtue of section 38(3)(b) of this Act of provision taking into account in relation to a new school any forecast made in accordance with the scheme of the number of registered pupils it will have on implementation of the relevant proposal.

(6) The delegation requirement under a scheme shall not apply in relation to a new school [which is a secondary school], other than a school to which section 40 of this Act applies, until such date as may be determined by or under the scheme.

(7) In the case of a new school which is a primary school, section 39(2)(b) of this Act shall apply as if for references to a qualifying date in relation to the financial year in question which falls within that year there were substituted references to the date of implementation of the relevant proposal.]

(8) Section 40 of this Act shall have effect, in relation to any new school to which it applies, with the omission of paragraph (a) of subsection (3).

(9) Section 42(9) of this Act shall not apply in relation to the temporary governing body of a new school.

(10) Paragraph 18 of Schedule 2 to the 1986 Act (which requires the local education authority to consult the temporary governing body of a new school and the head teacher about their proposed expenditure on books, equipment and stationery) shall not apply where the new school has a delegated budget.

New special schools

3

(1) In sections 43 and 50 of this Act—

(a) any reference—

(i) to special schools maintained by local education authorities;

(ii) to a special school maintained by such an authority; and

(iii) to special schools;

shall be read as including a reference to any new school proposed to be established by a local education authority which will be a special school and which has a temporary governing body; and

(b) any reference to the governing body of a special school shall be read as including a reference to the temporary governing body of such a new school.

(2) References in section 50 of this Act to a local education authority who maintain one or more special schools shall be read as including references to a local education authority who by virtue of paragraph 28 of Schedule 2 to the 1986 Act are under a duty to defray the expenses there mentioned in relation to the temporary governing body of one or more new schools such as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (1)(a) above.

Staff

4

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, section 44 or (as the case may be) section 45 of this Act shall apply to a new school which on implementation of the relevant proposal will be a school of a category to which that section applies not only at any time when (by virtue of the preceding provisions of this Schedule) it has a delegated budget but also at any time when it has a temporary governing body and either—

(a) the delegation requirement under the scheme will apply to the school on or before the implementation of the relevant proposal; or

(b) the authority propose to exercise any power under the scheme to delegate the management of the school’s budget share for any financial year by making such a delegation—

(i) to the temporary governing body before the implementation of that proposal; or

(ii) to the governing body of the school on implementation of that proposal.

(2) The provisions of sections 44 and 45 of and Schedule 3 to this Act shall apply, in the case of a new school, for the purposes only of—

(a) the appointment of staff at the school; and

(b) the taking of such steps with respect to any other matters referred to in those provisions as may be appropriate in preparation for the conduct of the school following implementation of the relevant proposal.

(3) In the case of a new school which is a proposed county, controlled [aided or special] school, no appointments of staff for the school shall be made by the local education authority before the constitution of a temporary governing body for the school.

(4) None of the provisions of paragraphs 21 to 25, 26(1) and (2) and 30(2) of Schedule 2 to the 1986 Act (provisions as to appointment of staff at new schools and related information to be given to temporary governing bodies) shall have effect in relation to a new school to which section 44 of this Act for the time being applies.

(5) Paragraphs 20 and 30(3) of that Schedule shall not have effect in relation to a new school to which section 45 of this Act for the time being applies.

(6) Neither section 44(4) nor section 45(11) of this Act shall apply in the case of a new school; but it shall be the duty of the local education authority concerned to incorporate—

(a) the statement mentioned in section 44(4) in the articles of government for a new school to which section 44 applies which will be a county or controlled school; and

(b) the statement mentioned in section 45(11) in the articles of government for a new school to which section 45 applies which will be an aided school.

(7) Section 46(2) and (5) of this Act shall not apply in relation to a new school.

(8) Any provision included in a scheme by virtue of section 47(3) of this Act, so far as relates to the appointment of staff at a school to which that section applies, shall apply in relation to a new school which on implementation of the relevant proposal will be a school to which that section applies.

Financial delegation and statements apart from schemes

5

Section 49 of this Act shall not apply in relation to a new school.

6

Section 50(9) of this Act shall not apply in relation to the temporary governing body of a new school.

Supplementary

7

(1) Section 51(4) of this Act shall not apply in the case of a new school.

(2) If the articles of government of a new county or voluntary school contain any provision to which section 51(3) of this Act would apply during any period when the school had a delegated budget, they shall also include in relation to any such provision the statement required by section 51(5) of this Act.

SCHEDULE 5

Transition to grant-maintained status

1

(1) Where the Secretary of State approves proposals for acquisition of grant-maintained status in respect of any school he may by an order or orders made at any time on or after the date on which he approves the proposals and before the incorporation date in relation to the school make such provision as he considers appropriate in connection with the school’s transition to grant-maintained status and the impending transfer of responsibility for the conduct of the school to an initial governing body constituted in accordance with the proposals.

(2) References below in this Schedule, in relation to any school in respect of which such proposals have been approved, to the prospective governing body are references to the persons named in the proposals as the proposed initial governors.

2

The provision that may be made by an order under paragraph 1 above includes in particular provision—

(a) for the exercise by the prospective governing body in relation to the school, in such circumstances and in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order, of any power so specified corresponding to any of the powers that would by virtue of section 57 of this Act be exercisable by the initial governing body of the school on its incorporation, including in particular power—

(i) to appoint members of staff to take up employment on or after the incorporation date in relation to the school;

(ii) to enter into contracts for the purpose of or in connection with the conduct of the school on or after that date; and

(iii) to determine the arrangements for admission of pupils to the school that are to apply in the first school year beginning on or after that date;

(b) excluding or modifying any powers of the local education authority or of the existing governing body in relation to any matter to which any power exercisable by the prospective governing body in accordance with any provision made by virtue of paragraph (a) above applies;

(c) enabling the prospective governing body, instead of the existing governing body, to give or withhold any consent or agreement required for the purposes of any provision of section 76 or 78 of this Act;

(d) enabling the prospective governing body, at any time before the incorporation date, to exercise the power in section 77(3) or (4) of this Act to repudiate any contract to which that subsection applies;

(e) for—

(i) requiring the prospective governing body to be consulted before the local education authority or the existing governing body exercise in relation to the school any function of a description specified in the order or take in relation to the school any action of a description so specified; or

(ii) requiring or enabling the prospective governing body to participate in the exercise in relation to the school of any such function or in the taking in relation to the school of any such action;

in such circumstances and in such manner as may be so specified; and

(f) with respect to the proceedings of the prospective governing body and the authentication of their actions (including the making or issue of any instrument by them or on their behalf).

3

(1) The Secretary of State may make grants to the prospective governing body in respect of expenditure incurred or to be incurred by them in pursuance of any provision made by an order under paragraph 1 above.

(2) The Secretary of State may impose on a prospective governing body to whom any such payment is made such requirements as he may from time to time determine (whether before, at or after the time when the payment in question is made).

4

The duty of a local education authority to maintain a school in respect of which proposals for acquisition of grant-maintained status have been approved shall not apply in relation to any expenses incurred by the prospective governing body of the school.

5

At any time on or after the date on which he approves any such proposals the Secretary of State may consult the prospective governing body with respect to the provisions he proposes to include in the instrument and articles of government for the school.

6

On and after the incorporation date in relation to a grant-maintained school—

(a) any appointment made, contract entered into or other thing done by the prospective governing body in pursuance of any provision made by an order under paragraph 1 above, so far as subsisting or in force immediately before that date, shall be treated as having been made, entered into or done by the initial governing body; and

(b) any consultations with the prospective governing body which have taken place under paragraph 5 above shall be treated for the purposes of section 59(2) of this Act as consultations with the initial governing body;

and any property acquired by the prospective governing body for the purposes of or in connection with the doing of anything in pursuance of any provision so made shall on that date be transferred to, and by virtue of this Act vest in, the initial governing body.

Transition from initial governing body to regulation by instrument of government

7

A person who is a governor of any category (within the meaning of section 64 of this Act) on the initial governing body of a grant-maintained school shall be treated for the purposes of any provision made by the instrument of government for that school by virtue of section 53 of this Act as a governor of that category (within the meaning of section 53).

8

Where the number of governors of any category for such a school provided for by the instrument of government for the school is less than the number required for that category by section 64 of this Act, no vacancy shall be treated as arising for governors of that category by virtue of any governor of that category’s ceasing to hold office until the number of governors of that category on the governing body falls below the number provided for by the instrument of government.

Proceedings and tenure of office

9

The proceedings of the governing body of such a school shall not be invalidated by any defect in any procedure required under Chapter IV of Part I of this Act in relation to the selection or nomination of any person to hold office as a governor on the initial governing body.

10

No provision of the instrument of government for such a school made by virtue of subsection (1) or (4) of section 56 of this Act shall affect the term of office of any member of the initial governing body of the school.

11

In relation to a member of the initial governing body of such a school, subsection (6) of that section shall have effect as if the reference in that subsection to the preceding provisions of that section included a reference to the provisions of section 65 of this Act.

12

For the purposes of subsection (10) of section 56, a foundation governor on the initial governing body of the school shall be treated as having been appointed by the person or persons (if any) named in the instrument of government in accordance with subsection (2)(b) of that section.

SCHEDULE 6

1

The descriptions of courses referred to in sections 120(1) and 235(2)(e) of this Act are the following—

(a) a course for the further training of teachers or youth and community workers;

(b) a post-graduate course (including a higher degree course);

(d) a course for the Diploma of Higher Education;

(e) a course for the Higher National Diploma or Higher National Certificate of the Business & Technician Education Council, or the Diploma in Management Studies;

(f) a course for the Certificate in Education;

(g) a course in preparation for a professional examination at higher level;

(h) a course providing education at a higher level (whether or not in preparation for an examination).

2

For the purposes of paragraph 1(g) above a professional examination is at higher level if its standard is higher than the standard of examinations at advanced level for the General Certificate of Education or the examination for the National Certificate or the National Diploma of the Business & Technician Education Council.

3

For the purposes of paragraph 1(h) above a course is to be regarded as providing education at a higher level if its standard is higher than the standard of courses providing education in preparation for any of the examinations mentioned in paragraph 2 above.

SCHEDULE 7

Preliminary

1

(1) A higher education corporation in Wales established under section 121 of this Act for the purpose of conducting any institution shall be established initially under the name given as the name of that institution in the order under that section specifying that institution.

(2) A higher education corporation in Wales established under section 122 of this Act shall be established initially under the name given in the order under that section establishing the corporation.

(3) Below in this Schedule—

(a) references to a corporation are references to any higher education corporation in Wales; and

(b) references, in relation to a corporation, to the institution are references—

(i) in relation to any time before the transfer date applicable in relation to the corporation, to the institution the corporation is established to conduct; and

(ii) in relation to any later time, to any institution for the time being conducted by the corporation in exercise of their powers under this Act.

(4) A corporation may change their name with the consent of the Privy Council.

Initial constitution

2

(1) Paragraphs 3 and 4 below provide for the initial constitution of a corporation and are subject to paragraph 6 below.

(2) References below in this Schedule, in relation to a corporation, to a variable category of members are references to any category of members in relation to which the number applicable in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 below is subject to variation.

3

(1) A corporation shall consist of—

(a) not less than twelve and not more than twenty-four members appointed in accordance with the following provisions of this Schedule; and

(b) the person who is for the time being the principal of the institution, unless he chooses not to be a member.

(2) Of the appointed members—

(a) up to thirteen (referred to below in this Schedule as the independent members) shall be persons appearing to the appointing authority to have experience of, and to have shown capacity in, industrial, commercial or employment matters or the practice of any profession;

(b) not less than four and not more than eight (referred to below in this Schedule as the initial nominee members) shall be persons nominated in accordance with this Schedule otherwise than by other members of the corporation;

(c) at least one and not more than four (referred to below in this Schedule as the additional nominee members) shall be persons nominated in accordance with this Schedule by the members of the corporation who are either independent members or initial nominee members and the principal of the institution (if he is a member).

(3) The members of the corporation for the time being shall be known as the board of governors of the institution.

4

(1) The initial nominee members of a corporation shall consist of—

(a) at least one and not more than three local authority nominees;

(b) one teacher nominee;

(d) one student nominee;

and may include up to two academic nominees.

(2) In this Schedule—

“local authority nominee” means a person, other than a person employed at the institution (whether or not as a teacher) or a student at the institution, nominated by a local authority specified in relation to the corporation in an order made by the Secretary of State;

“teacher nominee” means a teacher at the institution nominated by the teachers at the institution;

“general staff nominee” means a person employed at the institution otherwise than as a teacher and nominated by the persons so employed;

“student nominee” means a student at the institution nominated by the students at the institution; and

“academic nominee” means a teacher at the institution nominated by the academic board.

(3) Of the additional nominee members of a corporation—

(a) the one required by paragraph 3(2)(c) above shall be a person who has experience in the provision of education; and

(b) the three others permitted by paragraph 3(2)(c) are—

(i) one person who has such experience; and

(ii) two persons who need not have such experience.

(4) In the case of any corporation, a person who is—

(a) employed at the institution (whether or not as a teacher);

(b) a full-time student at the institution; or

is not eligible for appointment as an independent member or as an additional nominee member of the corporation.

(5) For the purposes of this paragraph, a person who is not for the time being enrolled as a student at the institution shall be treated as such a student during any period when he has been granted leave of absence from the institution for the purposes of study or travel or for carrying out the duties of any office held by him in the student union at the institution.

(6) It shall be for the appointing authority to determine any question as to whether any person is qualified in accordance with the preceding provisions of this paragraph for appointment as a member of a corporation of any description or category.

(7) Before making an order specifying local authorities in relation to any corporation for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(a) above, the Secretary of State shall consult such associations of local authorities as appear to him to be concerned.

(8) In this paragraph “local authority” includes a non-metropolitan district council for an area for which there is a county council.

Initial appointments

5

(1) The Secretary of State is the appointing authority for the purposes of this Schedule in relation to the appointment of the first members of a corporation.

(2) In determining the number of members to appoint within each variable category, he shall secure that at least half of all the members of the corporation as first constituted are independent members.

Determination of membership numbers

6

(1) Following the appointment by the Secretary of State of the first members of a corporation, the corporation shall make a determination with respect to their membership numbers under this paragraph.

(2) Such a determination shall fix the number of members of each variable category of which the corporation are to consist, subject to the limits applicable in relation to that category under paragraphs 3 and 4 above.

(3) In making a determination under this paragraph, the corporation shall secure that at least half of all the members of the corporation, when constituted in accordance with the determination, will be independent members.

(4) A determination under this paragraph shall not have effect so as to terminate the appointment of any person who is a member of the corporation at the time when it takes effect.

(5) A determination under this paragraph may be varied by a subsequent determination under this paragraph.

Subsequent appointments

7

(1) Appointments of members of a corporation at any time after the appointment by the Secretary of State of the first members shall be subject to this paragraph.

(2) No such appointment may be made before the first determination of the corporation under paragraph 6 above takes effect.

(3) The corporation are the appointing authority for the purposes of this Schedule in relation to the appointment of any member of the corporation other than an independent member.

(4) Where an appointment of an additional independent member of the corporation falls to be made in consequence of a determination under paragraph 6 above, the appointing authority for the purposes of this Schedule in relation to the appointment—

(a) shall be the corporation if the appointment is made within the period of three months beginning with the date of the determination; or

(b) if the appointment is not made within that period, shall be the current independent members of the corporation.

(5) Where a vacancy in the office of an independent member of the corporation arises on any existing independent member ceasing to hold office on the expiry of his term of office—

(a) his successor shall not be appointed more than six months before the expiry of that term; and

(b) the appointing authority for the purposes of this Schedule in relation to the appointment of his successor—

(i) shall be the corporation if the appointment is made not less than three months before the expiry of that term; or

(ii) if the appointment is not so made, shall be the current independent members of the corporation.

(6) Where a vacancy in the office of an independent member of the corporation arises on the death of any such member or on any such member ceasing to hold office under paragraph 8(2) or 10 below, the appointing authority for the purposes of this Schedule in relation to the appointment of his successor—

(a) shall be the corporation if the appointment is made within the period of three months beginning with the date of death or the date of the notice under paragraph 8(2) or 10 below (as the case may be); or

(b) if the appointment is not made within that period, shall be the current independent members of the corporation.

(7) No appointment of an independent member of the corporation by the corporation under sub-paragraph (4)(a), (5)(a) or (6)(a) above shall be made unless the appointment has been approved by the current independent members of the corporation.

(8) If the number of independent members of the corporation falls below the number needed in accordance with its articles of government for a quorum, the Secretary of State is the appointing authority in relation to the appointment of such number of independent members as is required for a quorum

General provisions with respect to qualifications of members and tenure of office

8

(1) A member of a corporation shall hold and vacate office in accordance with the terms of his appointment and shall, on ceasing to be a member, be eligible for re-appointment.

(2) A member of a corporation may at any time by notice in writing to the corporation resign his office.

(3) Where a member of a corporation appointed as a teacher nominee, an academic nominee, a general staff nominee or a student nominee ceases before the end of his term of office to be qualified in accordance with paragraph 4 above for appointment as a nominee of the description in question his office shall thereupon become vacant.

9

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, a person is not qualified for appointment as a member of a corporation at any time when he is under the age of eighteen or over the age of seventy.

(2) A person over the age of seventy shall not by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) above be disqualified for appointment as a member of the corporation where—

(a) the appointing authority in relation to the appointment is the Secretary of State; or

(b) the appointing authority in relation to the appointment determine to make the appointment by a vote representing an absolute majority of all the members of that authority (whether or not taking part in the vote).

(3) It shall be for the appointing authority in relation to the appointment in question to determine any question arising under sub-paragraph (1) above with respect to a person’s qualification for appointment as a member of the corporation.

10

If at any time a corporation are satisfied that any member of the corporation—

(a) has been absent from meetings of the corporation for a period longer than twelve consecutive months without the permission of the corporation; or

(b) is unable or unfit to discharge the functions of a member;

the corporation may by notice in writing to that member remove him from office; and thereupon the office shall become vacant.

Allowances to members

11

A corporation shall have power to pay to the members of the corporation such travelling, subsistence or other allowances as the corporation may determine.

Election of chairman

12

(1) The members of a corporation shall elect a chairman from among their number.

(2) The chairman shall hold office for such period as the corporation may determine.

(3) A member of a corporation who is employed at the institution or a student at the institution is not eligible for election as chairman of the corporation.

Committees

13

(1) A corporation may establish a committee for any purpose.

(2) The number of members of a committee established under this paragraph, and the terms on which they are to hold and vacate office, shall be fixed by the corporation.

(3) Such a committee may include persons who are not members of the corporation.

Proceedings

14

The validity of any proceedings of a corporation or of any committee of a corporation shall not be affected by a vacancy amongst the members or by any defect in the appointment or nomination of a member.

15

In the event of an equality of votes at any meeting of a corporation the chairman of the corporation shall have a second or casting vote.

Application of seal and proof of instruments

16

The application of the seal of the corporation shall be authenticated by the signature of the chairman of the corporation or of some other member authorised either generally or specially by the corporation to act for that purpose together with that of any other member.

17

Every document purporting to be an instrument made or issued by or on behalf of a corporation and to be duly executed under the seal of the corporation, or to be signed or executed by a person authorised by the corporation to act in that behalf shall be received in evidence and be treated, without further proof, as being so made or issued unless the contrary is shown.

Accounts

18

(1) It shall be the duty of each corporation—

(a) to keep proper accounts and proper records in relation to the accounts; and

(b) to prepare in respect of each financial year of the corporation a statement of accounts.

(2) The statement shall—

(a) give a true and fair account of the state of the corporation’s affairs at the end of the financial year and of the corporation’s income and expenditure in the financial year; and

(b) comply with any directions given by the Commission for Tertiary Education and Research as to the information to be contained in the statement, the manner in which the information is to be presented or the methods and principles according to which the statement is to be prepared.

(2A) The corporation shall supply a copy of the statement to any person who asks for it and, if the corporation so requires, pays a fee of such amount not exceeding the cost of supply as the corporation thinks fit.

(3) The accounts (including any statement prepared under this paragraph) shall be audited by persons appointed in respect of each financial year by the corporation.

(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) No person shall be qualified to be appointed auditor under sub-paragraph (3) above except—

(a) an individual, or firm, eligible for appointment as a statutory auditor under Part 42 of the Companies Act 2006;

(b) a member of the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy; or

(6) In this paragraph, in relation to a corporation—

“financial year” means— the period commencing with the date on which the corporation is established and ending with the second 31st March following that date, and each successive period of twelve months.

Efficiency studies

19

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SCHEDULE 7A

Name of corporation

1

The instrument shall empower the corporation to change their name with the consent of the Privy Council.

Membership

2

The instrument shall make provision for the membership of the corporation which meets all the requirements of paragraphs 3 to 5 below.

3

(1) The corporation shall consist of—

(a) not less than twelve and not more than twenty-four members appointed in accordance with the following provisions; and

(b) the person who is for the time being the principal of the institution, unless he chooses not to be a member.

(2) Of the appointed members—

(a) up to thirteen (referred to below in this Schedule as the “independent members”) shall be persons appearing to the appointing authority to have experience of, and to have shown capacity in, industrial, commercial or employment matters or the practice of any profession;

(b) up to two may be teachers at the institution nominated by the academic board and up to two may be students at the institution nominated by the students at the institution; and

(c) at least one and not more than nine (referred to below in this Schedule as the “co-opted members”) shall be persons nominated by the members of the corporation who are not co-opted members.

(3) The co-opted member required by sub-paragraph (2)(c) above shall be a person who has experience in the provision of education.

(4) A person (other than a person appointed in pursuance of sub-paragraph (2)(b) above) who is—

(a) employed at the institution (whether or not as a teacher);

(b) a full-time student at the institution; or

is not eligible for appointment as a member of the corporation otherwise than as a co-opted member.

(5) For the purposes of this paragraph, a person who is not for the time being enrolled as a student at the institution shall be treated as such a student during any period when he has been granted leave of absence from the institution for the purposes of study or travel or for carrying out the duties of any office held by him in the student union at the institution.

(6) It shall be for the appointing authority to determine any question as to whether any person is qualified in accordance with the preceding provisions of this paragraph for appointment as a member of the corporation of any description or category.

(7) In this paragraph “local authority” includes a non-metropolitan district council for an area for which there is a county council.

Numbers

4

(1) The corporation shall make a determination with respect to their membership numbers.

(2) Such a determination shall fix the number of members of each variable category of which the corporation are to consist, subject to the limits applicable in relation to that category in accordance with paragraph 3 above.

(3) In making such a determination, the corporation shall secure that at least half of all the members of the corporation, when constituted in accordance with the determination, will be independent members.

(4) Such a determination shall not have effect so as to terminate the appointment of any person who is a member of the corporation at the time when it takes effect.

(5) Such a determination may be varied by a subsequent determination.

Appointments

5

(1) Subject to section 124C of this Act, no appointment of members of the corporation may be made before the first determination of the corporation in accordance with paragraph 4 above takes effect.

(2) Subject to that section, the corporation are the appointing authority in relation to the appointment of any member of the corporation other than an independent member.

(3) Where an appointment of an additional independent member of the corporation falls to be made in consequence of a determination in accordance with paragraph 4 above, the appointing authority in relation to the appointment—

(a) shall be the corporation if the appointment is made within the period of three months beginning with the date of the determination; or

(b) if the appointment is not made within that period, shall be the current independent members of the corporation.

(4) Where a vacancy in the office of an independent member of the corporation arises on any existing independent member ceasing to hold office on the expiry of his term of office—

(a) his successor shall not be appointed more than six months before the expiry of that term; and

(b) the appointing authority in relation to the appointment of his successor—

(i) shall be the corporation if the appointment is made not less than three months before the expiry of that term; or

(ii) if the appointment is not so made, shall be the current independent members of the corporation.

(5) Where a vacancy in the office of an independent member of the corporation arises on the death of any such member or on any such member ceasing to hold office in accordance with the instrument, the appointing authority in relation to the appointment of his successor—

(a) shall be the corporation if the appointment is made within the period of three months beginning with the date of death or the the date on which the office becomes vacant (as the case may be); or

(b) if the appointment is not made within that period, shall be the current independent members of the corporation.

(6) No appointment of an independent member of the corporation by the corporation in accordance with sub-paragraph (3)(a), (4)(b)(i) or (5)(a) above shall be made unless the appointment has been approved by the current independent members of the corporation.

(7) If the number of independent members of the corporation falls below the number needed in accordance with its articles of government for a quorum, the Secretary of State is the appointing authority in relation to the appointment of such number of independent members as is required for a quorum.

Tenure of office etc.

6

Subject to any other requirements of this Act, the instrument may provide for the eligibility of persons for membership of the corporation and shall provide for their period of office and the circumstances in which they are to cease to hold office.

Officers

7

The instrument shall provide for one or more officers to be chosen from among the members.

Committees

8

The instrument may provide for the corporation to establish committees and permit such committees to include persons who are not members of the corporation.

Allowances

9

The instrument may provide for the corporation to pay allowances to its members.

Seal of corporation

10

The instrument shall provide for the authentication of the application of the seal of the corporation.

Interpretation

11

References in this Schedule, in relation to a corporation, to a variable category of members are references to any category of members in relation to which the number applicable in accordance with paragraph 3 above is subject to variation.

SCHEDULE 8

Preliminary

1

References below in this Schedule to the Corporation are references to each of the following bodies—

(a) the Universities Funding Council;

(b) the Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council; and

Supplementary powers

2

(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2) below, the Corporation shall have power to do anything which appears to them to be necessary or expedient for the purpose of or in connection with the discharge of their functions, including in particular power—

(a) to acquire and dispose of land and other property;

(b) to enter into contracts;

(d) to accept gifts of money, land or other property.

(2) Sub-paragraph (1) above does not confer power to borrow money, except in the case of the Education Assets Board; but the power of that Board to borrow money shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary of State in the case of each transaction.

Chief officer

3

(1) One of the members of the Corporation shall be the chief officer of the Corporation.

(2) The first chief officer of the Corporation shall be appointed as such by the Secretary of State and shall hold and vacate office in accordance with the terms of his appointment.

(3) Each subsequent chief officer shall be appointed by the Corporation with the approval of the Secretary of State on such terms and conditions (including terms with respect to tenure and vacation of office) as the Corporation may with the approval of the Secretary of State determine.

(4) On approval by the Secretary of State of the person to be appointed on any occasion as chief officer of the Corporation and the terms and conditions of his appointment, the Secretary of State shall—

(a) if that person is not already a member of the Corporation, appoint him as a member for the same term as the term of his appointment as chief officer; or

(b) if he is already such a member but his term of appointment as such ends before the term of his appointment as chief officer, extend his term of appointment as a member so that it ends at the same time as the term of his appointment as chief officer.

Qualifications of members and tenure of office

4

(1) A person shall hold and vacate office as a member or as chairman or chief officer of the Corporation in accordance with the terms of his appointment and shall, on ceasing to be a member, be eligible for re-appointment.

(2) A person may at any time by notice in writing to the Secretary of State resign his office as a member or as chairman of the Corporation.

5

If the Secretary of State is satisfied that a member of the Corporation—

(a) has been absent from meetings of the Corporation for a period longer than six consecutive months without the permission of the Corporation; or

(b) is unable or unfit to discharge the functions of a member;

the Secretary of State may by notice in writing to that member remove him from office; and thereupon the office shall become vacant.

Salaries, allowances and pensions for members

6

(1) The Corporation—

(a) shall pay to the members of the Corporation such salaries or fees, and such travelling, subsistence or other allowances, as the Secretary of State may determine; and

(b) shall pay, or make such payments towards the provision of, such pension to or in respect of any member of the Corporation as the Secretary of State may determine.

(2) If a person ceases to be a member of the Corporation and it appears to the Secretary of State that there are special circumstances which make it right that he should receive compensation, the Secretary of State may direct the Corporation to make to that person a payment of such amount as the Secretary of State may determine.

(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

House of Commons disqualification

7

In Part III of Schedule 1 to the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 (disqualifying offices), there shall be inserted at the appropriate places the following entries—

Any member of the Universities Funding Council in receipt of remuneration. Any member of the Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council in receipt of remuneration. Any member of the Education Assets Board in receipt of remuneration.

Staff

8

(1) The Corporation may appoint such employees as the Corporation think fit.

(2) The Corporation shall pay to their employees such remuneration and allowances as the Corporation may determine.

(3) The employees shall be appointed on such other terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine.

(4) A determination under sub-paragraph (2) or (3) above requires the approval of the Secretary of State . . ..

(5) Employment with the Corporation shall be included among the kinds of employment to which a scheme under section 1 of the Superannuation Act 1972 can apply, and accordingly in Schedule 1 to that Act (in which those kinds of employment are listed), at the end of the list of “Other Bodies” there shall be inserted—

Universities Funding Council. Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council. Education Assets Board.

(6) The Corporation shall pay to the Treasury, at such times as the Treasury may direct, such sums as the Treasury may determine in respect of the increase attributable to sub-paragraph (5) above in the sums payable out of money provided by Parliament under that Act.

(7) Where an employee of the Corporation is, by reference to that employment, a participant in a scheme under section 1 of that Act and is also a member of the Corporation the Secretary of State may determine that his service as such a member shall be treated for the purposes of the scheme as service as an employee of the Corporation (whether or not any benefits are payable to or in respect of him by virtue of paragraph 6 above).

Committees

9

(1) The Corporation may establish a committee for any purpose.

(2) The number of the members of a committee established under this paragraph, and the terms on which they are to hold and vacate office, shall be fixed by the Corporation.

(3) Such a committee may include persons who are not members of the Corporation.

(4) The Corporation shall keep under review the structure of committees established under this paragraph and the scope of each committee’s activities.

Scottish and Welsh Committees of Universities Funding Council

10

The Universities Funding Council shall establish committees under paragraph 9 above for the purpose of advising the Council on the exercise of their functions in relation to universities in Scotland and universities in Wales respectively.

Delegation of Functions

11

The Corporation may authorise the chairman, the chief officer or any committee established under paragraph 9 above to exercise such of their functions as they may determine.

Proceedings

12

Without prejudice to any other rights the Secretary of State may require to be accorded to him as a condition of any grants made to the Corporation under section 134 of this Act—

(a) a representative of the Secretary of State shall be entitled to attend and take part in any deliberations (but not in decisions) at meetings of the Corporation or of any committee of the Corporation; and

(b) the Secretary of State shall be entitled to receive copies of any documents distributed to members of the Corporation or of any such committee.

13

The validity of any proceedings of the Corporation or of any committee of the Corporation shall not be affected by a vacancy among the members or by any defect in the appointment of a member.

14

Subject to the preceding provisions of this Schedule, the Corporation shall have power to regulate their own procedure and that of any of their committees.

Application of seal and proof of instruments

15

The application of the seal of the Corporation shall be authenticated by the signature of the chairman or of some other person authorised either generally or specially by the Corporation to act for that purpose and of one other member.

16

Every document purporting to be an instrument made or issued by or on behalf of the Corporation and to be duly executed under the seal of the Corporation, or to be signed or executed by a person authorised by the Corporation to act in that behalf shall be received in evidence and be treated, without further proof, as being so made or issued unless the contrary is shown.

Accounts

17

(1) It shall be the duty of the Corporation—

(a) to keep proper accounts and proper records in relation to the accounts;

(b) to prepare in respect of each financial year of the Corporation a statement of accounts in such form as the Secretary of State may direct with the approval of the Treasury; and

(c) to send copies of the statement to the Secretary of State and to the Comptroller and Auditor General before the end of the month of August next following the financial year to which the statement relates.

(2) The Comptroller and Auditor General shall examine, certify and report on each statement received by him in pursuance of this paragraph and shall lay copies of each statement and of his report before each House of Parliament.

(3) In this paragraph “financial year” means the period beginning with the date on which the Corporation is established and ending with the second 31st March following that date, and each successive period of twelve months.

SCHEDULE 9

Full-time equivalent enrolment numbers

1

(1) The full-time equivalent enrolment number at any time of any educational institution for courses of any description is the aggregate of—

(a) the number of full-time students enrolled at that institution at that time to follow courses of that description; and

(b) the numbers arrived at under sub-paragraph (2) below for each mode of attendance at such courses specified in column 1 of the table in paragraph 2 below.

(2) The number for each mode of attendance so specified is that arrived at by multiplying by the appropriate multiplier the number of students enrolled at the institution at the time in question to follow such courses by that mode of attendance.

(3) In sub-paragraph (2) above “the appropriate multiplier” means, in relation to a mode of attendance so specified, the figure given in relation to that mode of attendance—

(a) in column 2 of the table, in the case of courses of advanced further education or courses of higher education; and

(b) in column 3 of the table, in any other case.

Table for determining full-time equivalents for sandwich courses and part-time study

2

The following table applies for the purpose of determining the numbers mentioned in paragraph 1(1)(b) above—

Interpretation of paragraphs 1 and 2

3

(1) For the purposes of paragraph 1(1)(a) above a student is a full-time student in relation to a course of any description if all his studies for the purposes of that course are full-time studies.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph 2 above—

(a) a student’s mode of attendance at a course of any description is by way of a sandwich course if—

(i) in following that course, he engages in periods of full-time study for the purposes of the course alternating with periods of full-time work experience which form part of that course; and

(ii) his average period of full-time study for the purposes of the course for each academic year included in the course is nineteen weeks or more;

(b) a student’s mode of attendance at a course of any description is by way of block release if—

(i) the course involves a period of full-time study interrupted by a period of industrial training or employment (whether or not it also includes study on one or two days a week during any other period); and

(ii) his average period of full-time study for the purposes of the course for each academic year included in the course is less than nineteen weeks;

(i) he is in employment; and

(ii) he is released by his employer to follow that course during any part of the working week; and

(d) a student’s mode of attendance at a course of any description is by way of open or distance learning if—

(i) he is provided for the purposes of the course with learning material for private study; and

(ii) his written work for the purposes of the course is subject to a marking and comment service provided for students following the course by private study (whether or not any additional advisory or teaching services are also provided for such students as part of the course).

Amendment of paragraphs 1 to 3

4

The Secretary of State may by order amend paragraphs 1 to 3 above except so far as they apply for determining an institution’s full-time equivalent enrolment number for any courses or (as the case may be) an institution’s total full-time equivalent enrolment number on 1st November 1985.

Exclusion of non-EEC students

5

For the purpose of determining under those paragraphs the full-time equivalent enrolment number at any time of any educational institution for courses of any description, any student enrolled at the institution whose ordinary place of residence then was or is in a country or territory other than a member State shall be disregarded.

SCHEDULE 10

Division and apportionment of property etc.

1

(1) Any property, rights and liabilities of a transferor authority held or used or subsisting—

(a) for the purposes of more than one relevant institution; or

(b) partly for the purposes of one or more relevant institutions and partly for other purposes of the transferor authority;

shall, where the nature of the property, right or liability permits, be divided or apportioned between the transferees, or (as the case may be) between the transferor authority and the transferee or transferees, in such proportions as may be appropriate.

(2) Any property, rights or liabilities of a transferor body shall, where the nature of the property, right or liability permits, be divided or apportioned between the transferees, or (as the case may be) between the transferor body and the transferee or transferees, in such proportions as may be appropriate.

(3) Where any estate or interest in land falls to be divided in accordance with either sub-paragraph (1) or sub-paragraph (2) above—

(a) any rent payable under a lease in respect of that estate or interest; and

(b) any rent charged on that estate or interest;

shall be correspondingly divided or apportioned so that each part is payable in respect of, or charged on, only one part of the estate or interest and the other part or parts are payable in respect of, or charged on, only the other part or parts of the estate or interest.

(4) Any such property, right or liability as is mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) or (2) above the nature of which does not permit its division or apportionment as so mentioned shall be transferred to the transferee (or to one or other of the transferees) or retained by the transferor authority or body according to—

(a) in the case of an estate or interest in land, whether on the transfer date the transferor authority or body or the transferee (or one or other of the transferees) appears to be in greater need of the security afforded by that estate or interest or, where none of them appears to be in greater need of that security, which of them appears on that date to be likely to make use of the land to the greater extent; or

(b) in the case of any other property or any right or liability, which of them appears on the transfer date to be likely to make use of the property or (as the case may be) to be affected by the right or liability to the greater extent;

subject (in either case) to such arrangements for the protection of the other person or persons concerned as may be agreed between the transferor authority or body and the relevant person or determined by the Secretary of State under paragraph 3 below.

(5) In this paragraph—

(a) “relevant institution” means—

(i) any institution which a body corporate is established under this Act to conduct;

(ii) any institution to which section 130 of this Act applies; and

(iii) any maintained school;

(b) “the relevant person” means—

(i) in a case where the transferor is a transferor authority, the Education Transfer Council;

(ii) in a case where the transferor is a transferor body, the transferee;

(c) references to a transferor authority are references to a local authority who are the transferor for the purposes of any transfer to which this Schedule applies;

(d) references to a transferor body are references to any foundation body who are the transferor for the purposes of any transfer to which this Schedule applies;

...

(6) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (5)—

(a) references to a maintained school or a foundation body have the same meanings as in the School Standards and Framework Act 1998;

(b) “local authority” includes a non-metropolitan district council for an area for which there is a county council.

Identification of property, rights and liabilities

2

(1) It shall be the duty of the transferor and the relevant person, whether before or after the transfer date, so far as practicable to arrive at such written agreements, and to execute such other instruments, as are necessary or expedient to identify or define the property, rights and liabilities transferred to the transferee or retained by the transferor or for making any such arrangements as are mentioned in paragraph 1(4) above and as will—

(a) afford to the transferor and the transferee as against one another such rights and safeguards as they may require for the proper discharge of their respective functions; and

(b) make as from such date, not being earlier than the transfer date, as may be specified in the agreement or instrument such clarifications and modifications of the effect of the provision of this Act or of the 1998 Act (or any regulations made under it) under which the transfer is required on the property, rights and liabilities of the transferor as will best serve the proper discharge of the respective functions of the transferor and the transferee.

(2) Any such agreement shall provide so far as it is expedient—

(a) for the granting of leases and for the creation of other liabilities and rights over land whether amounting in law to interests in land or not, and whether involving the surrender of any existing interest or the creation of a new interest or not;

(b) for the granting of indemnities in connection with the severance of leases and other matters;

(3) Except in a case where the transferor is a local authority, the Education Transfer Council shall—

(a) assist the transferor, the transferee and any other interested person in identifying or defining the property, rights and liabilities transferred to the transferee or retained by the transferor;

(b) advise such persons as to the terms of any agreement or instrument falling to be made under sub-paragraph (1) above;

(d) prepare drafts of any such agreement or instrument; and

(e) assist the parties in executing and giving effect to any such agreement or instrument.

(4) If and to the extent that they are requested to do so by any person falling to make a transfer agreement under paragraph 4 or 7 of Schedule 21 to the 1998 Act or any corresponding provision of regulations under that Act, the Education Transfer Council shall exercise any one or more functions falling within sub-paragraph (3) above in relation to such an agreement, or an instrument made pursuant to such an agreement, as if it were an agreement or instrument falling to be made under sub-paragraph (1) above.

(5) Any transfer of any estate or interest in land under this paragraph or under paragraph 1 above (whether by virtue of an agreement or instrument entered into before or after the transfer date) shall be regarded as having taken place on the transfer date.

(6) In this paragraph—

“the 1998 Act” means the School Standards and Framework Act 1998; and

“the relevant person” means—in a case where the transferor is a local authority, the Education Transfer Council;in a case where the transferor is not a local authority, the transferee.

Resolution of disputes

3

(1) The Education Transfer Council shall notify the Secretary of State if it appears to them that it is unlikely in the case of any matter on which agreement is required to be reached under paragraph 2(1) above that such an agreement will be reached.

(2) Where the Secretary of State has received a notification from the Council under sub-paragraph (1) above, he may, whether before or after the transfer date, give a direction determining that matter, and may include in the direction any provision which might have been included in an agreement under paragraph 2(1) above.

(3) Any property, rights or liabilities required by a direction under this paragraph to be transferred to the transferee shall be regarded as having been transferred to, and by virtue of this Act vested in, the transferee on the transfer date.

(4) The Secretary of State shall consult the transferor, the transferee and any other interested person before giving a direction under this paragraph.

(5) The Education Transfer Council shall give the Secretary of State such assistance and advice as he may require for the purpose of determining any matter under this paragraph.

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