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Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992

Type Public General Act

Publication 1992-03-06

Last updated 2026-09-19

State In force

Department Statute Law Database

Source legislation.gov.uk

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An Act to consolidate certain enactments relating to the taxation of chargeable gains.

Reform history JSON API

(a) the “held-over gain” means the amount by which, under those sections, and apart from the provisions of this section, any chargeable gain on one asset (“asset No.1”) is reduced, with a corresponding reduction of the expenditure allowable in respect of another asset (“asset No.2”), and

(b) any reference to a gain of any amount being carried forward to any asset is a reference to a reduction of that amount in a chargeable gain coupled with a reduction of the same amount in expenditure allowable in respect of that asset.

(2) If asset No.2 is a depreciating asset, the held-over gain shall not be carried forward, but the claimant shall be treated as if so much of the chargeable gain on asset No.1 as is equal to the held-over gain did not accrue until—

(a) the claimant disposes of asset No.2, or

(b) he ceases to use asset No.2 for the purposes of a trade carried on by him, or

whichever event comes first.

(2A) If asset No 2 or shares in a company which holds asset No 2 are transferred as part of the process of a merger to which section 140E applies, the transfer shall be disregarded for the purpose of subsection (2), and for that purpose—

(a) if the transferee holds asset No 2, it shall be treated for the purpose of subsection (2), in relation to asset No 2, as if it were the claimant, or

(b) if the transferee holds shares in the company which holds asset No 2, section 175 shall apply in relation to the group of which the transferee is a member as if it were the same group as any group of which the claimant was a member before the merger.

(2B) If, as part of the process of a merger to which section 140E applies, the transferee becomes a member (whether or not as the principal company) of a group of which the claimant is also a member, for the purposes of subsection (2) section 175 shall apply in relation to the trade carried on by the claimant as if the group of which the transferee is a member were the same group as the group of which the claimant was a member before the merger.

(2C) In subsections (2A) and (2B), “transferor” and “transferee” have the meaning given by section 140E(9).

(2D) Subsections (2A) and (2B) shall apply in relation to the transfer of an asset in circumstances where section 140A applies as they apply in relation to the transfer of an asset on a merger to which section 140E applies, and for that purpose—

(a) references to the merger shall be treated as references to the transfer,

(b) references to section 140E shall be treated as references to section 140A, and

(c) references to the transferor and the transferee shall be treated as references to the transferor and the transferee in relation to the asset.

(3) Where section 229 has effect subject to the provisions of this section, subsection (2)(b) above shall have effect as if it read—

(b) section 232(3) applies as regards asset No.2 (whether or not by virtue of section 232(5)), or

(4) If, in the circumstances specified in subsection (5) below, the claimant acquires an asset (“asset No.3”) which is not a depreciating asset, and claims under section 152 or 153—

(a) the gain held-over from asset No.1 shall be carried forward to asset No.3, and

(b) the claim which applies to asset No.2 shall be treated as withdrawn (so that subsection (2) above does not apply).

(5) The circumstances are that asset No.3 is acquired not later than the time when the chargeable gain postponed under subsection (2) above would accrue and, assuming—

(a) that the consideration for asset No.1 was applied in acquiring asset No.3, and

(b) that the time between the disposal of asset No.1 and the acquisition of asset No.3 was within the time limited by section 152(3),

the whole amount of the postponed gain could be carried forward from asset No.1 to asset No.3; and the claim under subsection (4) above shall be accepted as if those assumptions were true.

(6) If part only of the postponed gain could be carried forward from asset No.1 to asset No.3, and the claimant so requires, that and the other part of the postponed gain shall be treated as derived from 2 separate assets, so that, on that claim—

(a) subsection (4) above applies to the first-mentioned part, and

(b) the other part remains subject to subsection (2) above.

(7) For the purposes of this section, an asset is a depreciating asset at any time if—

(a) at that time it is a wasting asset, as defined in section 44, or

(b) within the period of 10 years beginning at that time it will become a wasting asset (so defined).

Relevant classes of assets.

155

The classes of assets for the purposes of section 152(1) are as follows.

CLASS 1Assets within heads A and B below.Head AAny building or part of a building and any permanent or semi-permanent structure in the nature of a building, occupied (as well as used) only for the purposes of the trade Any land occupied (as well as used) only for the purposes of the trade.Head A has effect subject to section 156.Head BFixed plant or machinery which does not form part of a building or of a permanent or semi-permanent structure in the nature of a building.

CLASS 2Ships, aircraft and hovercraft (“hovercraft” having the same meaning as in the Hovercraft Act 1968).

CLASS 3Satellites, space stations and spacecraft (including launch vehicles).

CLASS 4Goodwill.

CLASS 5Milk quotas (that is, rights to sell dairy produce without being liable to pay milk levy or to deliver dairy produce without being liable to pay a contribution to milk levy) and potato quotas (that is, rights to produce potatoes without being liable to pay more than the ordinary contribution to the Potato Marketing Board’s fund).

CLASS 6Ewe and suckler cow premium quotas (that is, rights in respect of any ewes or suckler cows to receive payments by way of any subsidy entitlement to which is determined by reference to limits contained in a Community instrument).

CLASS 7 Fish quota (that is, an allocation of quota to catch fish stocks, which derives from the Total Allowable Catches set in pursuance of Article 8(4) of Council Regulation (EEC) 3760/92 and under annual Council Regulations made in accordance with that Article, or under any replacement Community Instruments).

CLASS 7A Assets within heads A and B below. Head APayment entitlements under the single payment scheme (that is, the scheme of income support for farmers in pursuance of Title III of Council Regulation (EC) No 73/2009).Head B Payment entitlements under the basic payment scheme (that is, the scheme of income support for farmers in pursuance of Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council).

CLASS 8 Assets within heads A and B below.Head ARights of a member of Lloyd’s under a syndicate within the meaning of Chapter III of Part II of the Finance Act 1993.Head BAn asset which a member of Lloyd’s is treated as having acquired by virtue of section 82 of the Finance Act 1999.

Assets of Class 1.

156

(1) This section has effect as respects head A of Class 1 in section 155.

(2) Head A shall not apply where the trade is a trade—

(a) of dealing in or developing land, or

(b) of providing services for the occupier of land in which the person carrying on the trade has an estate or interest.

(3) Where the trade is a trade of dealing in or developing land, but a profit on the sale of any land held for the purposes of the trade would not form part of the trading profits, then, as regards that land, the trade shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) above as if it were not a trade of dealing in or developing land.

(4) Where ... section 19 of ITTOIA 2005 or section 42 of CTA 2009 applies (tied premises: receipts and expenses treated as those of trade), the trader shall be treated, to the extent that the conditions in subsection (1) of that section are met in relation to premises, as occupying as well as using the premises for the purposes of the trade.

Intangible fixed assets: roll-over relief

156ZA

(1) This section applies if a company is entitled to relief under Chapter 7 of Part 8 of CTA 2009 (roll-over relief in case of realisation and reinvestment) as a result of—

(a) section 898 of that Act (roll-over relief where pre-FA 2002 assets disposed of on or after 1 April 2002), or

(b) section 899 of that Act (roll-over relief where degrouping charge on pre-FA 2002 asset arises on or after 1 April 2002).

(2) The company is treated for the purposes of this Act as if the consideration for the disposal of the old asset were reduced by the amount available for relief.

(3) Subsection (2) does not affect the treatment for any purpose of the Taxes Acts of the other party to any transaction involved in the disposal of the old asset or the expenditure on other assets.

(4) In this section—

“the old asset” has the same meaning as in Chapter 7 of Part 8 of CTA 2009 (see section 754(2)), and

“the Taxes Acts” means the enactments relating to income tax, corporation tax or chargeable gains.

Intangible fixed assets: interaction with relief under Chapter 7 of Part 8 of CTA 2009

156ZB

(1) Subsection (2) applies if there is a disposal on or after 1 April 2002 of an asset that is both—

(a) an asset of a class specified in section 155, and

(b) an intangible fixed asset for the purposes of Part 8 of CTA 2009.

(2) The period specified in section 152(3)—

(a) does not include any period beginning on or after 1 April 2002, and

(b) may not be extended so as to include any such period.

(3) Classes 4 to 7A in section 155 do not apply for the purposes of corporation tax as respects the acquisition of new assets that are chargeable intangible assets for the purposes of Part 8 of CTA 2009 (see section 741 of that Act).

(4) In the case of an acquisition before 22 March 2005, subsection (3) applies as if it referred to Classes 4 to 7, instead of Classes 4 to 7A.

Cessation of trade by limited liability partnership.

156A

(1) Where, immediately before the time of cessation of trade, a member of a limited liability partnership holds an asset, or an interest in an asset, acquired by him for a consideration treated as reduced under section 152 or 153, he shall be treated as if a chargeable gain equal to the amount of the reduction accrued to him immediately before that time.

(2) Where, as a result of section 154(2), a chargeable gain on the disposal of an asset, or an interest in an asset, by a member of a limited liability partnership has not accrued before the time of cessation of trade, the member shall be treated as if the chargeable gain accrued immediately before that time.

(3) In this section “the time of cessation of trade”, in relation to a limited liability partnership, means the time when section 59A(1) ceases to apply in relation to the limited liability partnership.

Trade carried on by family company: business assets dealt with by individual.

157

In relation to a case where—

(a) the person disposing of, or of his interest in, the old assets and acquiring the new assets, or an interest in them, is an individual, and

(b) the trade or trades in question are carried on not by that individual but by a company which, both at the time of the disposal and at the time of the acquisition referred to in paragraph (a) above, is his personal company, that is to say, a company the voting rights in which are exercisable, as to not less than 5 per cent., by him,

any reference in sections 152 to 156 to the person carrying on the trade (or the 2 or more trades) includes a reference to that individual.

Activities other than trades, and interpretation.

158

(1) Sections 152 to 157 shall apply with the necessary modifications—

(a) in relation to the discharge of the functions of a public authority, and

(b) in relation to the occupation of woodlands where the woodlands are managed by the occupier on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits, and

(d) in relation to such of the activities of a body of persons whose activities are carried on otherwise than for profit and are wholly or mainly directed to the protection or promotion of the interests of its members in the carrying on of their trade or profession as are so directed, and

(e) in relation to the activities of an unincorporated association or other body chargeable to corporation tax, being a body not established for profit whose activities are wholly or mainly carried on otherwise than for profit, but in the case of assets within head A of class 1 only if they are both occupied and used by the body, and in the case of other assets only if they are used by the body, and

(f) in relation to the activities of a company owned by such an unincorporated association or other body (“the parent body”), but in the case of any assets within head A of class 1 only if they are both occupied and used by the parent body, and in the case of any other assets only if they are used by the parent body,

as they apply in relation to a trade.

(1A) For the purposes of subsection (1)(f) the parent body owns the company if—

(a) it holds not less than 90% of the company’s ordinary share capital,

(b) it is beneficially entitled to not less than 90% of the profits available for distribution to the equity holders of the company, and

(c) it would be beneficially entitled on a winding up to not less than 90% of the assets of the company available for distribution to equity holders.

(1B) For the purposes of subsection (1A)—

(a) “ordinary share capital” has the meaning given by section 832(1) of the Taxes Act and also includes, in relation to a company that has no share capital, any interests in the company possessed by members of the company, and

(b) the meaning of “equity holder” and method of determination of profits or assets available for distribution shall be that prescribed for the purposes of paragraph 8 of Schedule 7AC by sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) of that paragraph.

(2) In sections 152 to 157 and this section the expressions “trade”, “profession”, “vocation”, “office” and “employment” have the same meanings as in the Income Tax Acts, ... .

(3) Sections 152 to 157 and this section shall be construed as one.

Non-residents: roll-over relief.

159

(1) Section 152 shall not apply in the case of a person if the old assets are chargeable assets in relation to him at the time they are disposed of, unless the new assets are chargeable assets in relation to him immediately after the time they are acquired.

(2) Subsection (1) above shall not apply where—

(a) the person acquires the new assets after he has disposed of the old assets, and

(b) immediately after the time they are acquired the person is resident ... in the United Kingdom.

(3) Subsection (2) above shall not apply where immediately after the time the new assets are acquired—

(a) the person is a dual resident, and

(b) the new assets are prescribed assets.

(4) For the purposes of this section an asset is at any time a chargeable asset in relation to a person if, were it to be disposed of at that time, any chargeable gains accruing to him on the disposal would be chargeable to capital gains tax under section 1A(3)(a) or to corporation tax under section 2B(3).

(5) In this section—

“dual resident” means a person who is resident ... in the United Kingdom and falls to be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom; and

“prescribed asset”, in relation to a dual resident, means an asset in respect of which, by virtue of the asset being of a description specified in any double taxation relief arrangements, he falls to be regarded for the purposes of the arrangements as not liable in the United Kingdom to tax on gains accruing to him on a disposal.

(6) In this section—

(a) “the old assets” and “the new assets” have the same meanings as in section 152,

(b) references to disposal of the old assets include references to disposal of an interest in them, and

(c) references to acquisition of the new assets include references to acquisition of an interest in them or to entering into an unconditional contract for the acquisition of them.

(7) Where the acquisition of the new assets took place before 14th March 1989 and the disposal of the old assets took place, or takes place, on or after that date, this section shall not apply if the disposal of the old assets took place, or takes place, within 12 months of the acquisition of the new assets or such longer period as the Board may by notice allow.

Disposals of interests in UK land by non-residents: roll-over relief

159A

(1) This section applies in a case where—

(a) the old assets that are disposed of are interests in UK land, and

(b) a chargeable gain accruing on the disposal would (apart from section 152) be within the charge to tax because of section 1A(3)(b) or 2B(4)(a).

(2) Section 152 applies only if the new assets that are acquired are interests in UK land.

(3) In this section—

(a) “interest in UK land” has the meaning given by section 1C,

(b) “the old assets” and “the new assets” have the same meaning as in section 152,

(d) the reference to the acquisition of the new assets includes the acquisition of an interest in them or entering into an unconditional contract for their acquisition.

Dual resident companies: roll-over relief.

160

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stock in trade

Appropriations to and from stock.

161

(1) Subject to subsection (3) below, where an asset acquired by a person otherwise than as trading stock of a trade carried on by him is appropriated by him for the purposes of the trade as trading stock (whether on the commencement of the trade or otherwise) and, if he had then sold the asset for its market value, a chargeable gain or allowable loss would have accrued to him, he shall be treated as having thereby disposed of the asset by selling it for its then market value.

(2) If at any time an asset forming part of the trading stock of a person’s trade is appropriated by him for any other purpose, or is retained by him on his ceasing to carry on the trade, he shall be treated as having acquired it at that time for a consideration equal to the amount brought into the accounts of the trade in respect of it for tax purposes on the appropriation or on his ceasing to carry on the trade, as the case may be.

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to a case where a chargeable gain would have accrued to a person on the appropriation of an asset for the purposes of a trade as mentioned in that subsection if—

(a) he is chargeable to corporation tax in respect of the profits of the trade under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of CTA 2009 and the trade is carried on wholly or partly in the United Kingdom, or

(b) he is chargeable to income tax in respect of the profits of the trade under Chapter 2 of Part 2 of ITTOIA 2005 and the trade is carried on wholly or partly in the United Kingdom,

and he elects that instead the market value of the asset at the time of the appropriation shall, in computing the profits of the trade for purposes of tax, be treated as reduced by the amount of that chargeable gain, and where subsection (1) does not apply by reason of such an election, the profits of the trade shall be computed accordingly.

(3ZA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3ZB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3A) An election under subsection (3) ... above shall be made—

(a) for the purposes of capital gains tax, on or before the first anniversary of the 31st January next following the year of assessment in which ends the period of account in which the asset is appropriated for the purposes of the trade as trading stock;

(b) for the purposes of corporation tax, within 2 years after the end of the accounting period in which the asset is appropriated for the purposes of the trade as trading stock;

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) If a person making an election under subsection (3) or (3ZA) is at the time of the appropriation carrying on the trade in partnership with others, the election shall not have effect unless concurred in by the others.

(5) If—

(a) any person is charged to income tax by virtue of sections 517B and 517C of ITA 2007 (certain profits or gains on a disposal of land treated as trading profits) on the realisation of a profit or gain because the condition in section 517B(7) of that Act is met, and

(b) the gain is calculated on the basis that any property was appropriated as trading stock,

the property shall be treated on that basis also for the purposes of this section.

(6) If—

(a) any person is charged to corporation tax by virtue of sections 356OB and 356OC of CTA 2010 (certain profits or gains on a disposal of land treated as trading profits) on the realisation of a profit or gain because the condition in section 356OB(7) of that Act is met, and

(b) the gain is calculated on the basis that any property was appropriated as trading stock,

the property shall be treated on that basis also for the purposes of this section.

Transfer of business to a company

Roll-over relief on transfer of business.

162

(1) This section shall apply for the purposes of this Act—

(a) where a person who is not a company transfers to a company a business as a going concern, together with the whole assets of the business, or together with the whole of those assets other than cash, and the business is so transferred wholly or partly in exchange for shares issued by the company to the person transferring the business , and

(b) the person makes a claim in respect of the transfer, including such information as the Commissioners may require, on or before the first anniversary of the 31 January following the tax year in which the transfer of the business took place.

Any shares so received by the transferor in exchange for the business are referred to below as “the new assets”.

(2) The amount determined under subsection (4) below shall be deducted from the aggregate of the chargeable gains less allowable losses (“the amount of the gain on the old assets”).

(3) For the purpose of computing any chargeable gain accruing on the disposal of any new asset—

(a) the amount determined under subsection (4) below shall be apportioned between the new assets as a whole, and

(b) the sums allowable as a deduction under section 38(1)(a) shall be reduced by the amount apportioned to the new asset under paragraph (a) above;

and if the shares which comprise the new assets are not all of the same class, the apportionment between the shares under paragraph (a) above shall be in accordance with their market values at the time they were acquired by the transferor.

(4) The amount referred to in subsections (2) and (3)(a) above shall not exceed the cost of the new assets but, subject to that, it shall be the fraction—

$AB$

of the amount of the gain on the old assets where—

“A” is the cost of the new assets, and

“B” is the value of the whole of the consideration received by the transferor in exchange for the business;

and for the purposes of this subsection “the cost of the new assets” means any sums which would be allowable as a deduction under section 38(1)(a) if the new assets were disposed of as a whole in circumstances giving rise to a chargeable gain.

(5) References in this section to the business, in relation to shares or consideration received in exchange for the business, include references to such assets of the business as are referred to in subsection (l) above.

(6) In this section, “the Commissioners” means the Commissioners for His Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.

Election for section 162 not to apply

162A

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transfer of business from company to shareholders

Disincorporation relief: assets (including pre-FA 2002 goodwill)

162B

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a company transfers its business to some or all of the shareholders of the company, and

(b) a claim for disincorporation relief in respect of the transfer has been made under section 58 of the Finance Act 2013.

(2) The disposal and acquisition of any qualifying asset of the business included in the transfer is to be deemed to be for a consideration equal to the lower of—

(a) the sums allowable under section 38 as a deduction in the computation of the gain accruing to the company on the disposal of the asset in question, and

(b) the market value of the asset.

(3) In subsection (2) a “qualifying asset” means—

(a) goodwill, or

(b) an interest in land which is not held as trading stock.

(4) But subsection (2) does not apply to the goodwill of the business if section 162C applies to it.

Disincorporation relief: post-FA 2002 goodwill

162C

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a company transfers its business to some or all of the shareholders of the company,

(b) a claim for disincorporation relief in respect of the transfer has been made under section 58 of the Finance Act 2013, and

(c) section 849A of CTA 2009 (disincorporation relief: transfer values for post-FA 2002 goodwill) applies to the transfer of the goodwill of the business.

(2) The acquisition of the goodwill of the business is deemed to be for a consideration equal to the value at which the goodwill is treated as transferred by virtue of section 849A of CTA 2009.

Retirement relief

Relief for disposals by individuals on retirement from family business.

163

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other retirement relief.

164

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter IA — Roll-over relief on re-investment

Relief on re-investment for individuals.

164A

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Roll-over relief on re-investment by trustees.

164B

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interaction with retirement relief

164BA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restriction applying to retirement relief and roll-over relief on re-investment.

164C

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relief carried forward into replacement shares.

164D

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Application of Chapter in cases of an exchange of shares.

164E

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Failure of conditions of relief.

164F

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss of relief in cases where shares acquired on being issued.

164FA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qualifying investment acquired from husband or wife.

164FF

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Multiple claims.

164FG

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Meaning of “qualifying company".

164G

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Property companies etc. not to be qualifying companies.

164H

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Qualifying trades.

164I

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Provisions supplementary to section 164I.

164J

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foreign residents.

164K

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anti-avoidance provisions.

164L

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exclusion of double relief.

164M

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exclusion of double relief

164MA

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interpretation of Chapter IA.

164N

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter II — Gifts of business assets

Relief for gifts of business assets.

165

(1) If—

(a) an individual (“the transferor”) makes a disposal otherwise than under a bargain at arm’s length of an asset within subsection (2) below, and

(b) a claim for relief under this section is made by the transferor and the person who acquires the asset (“the transferee”) or, where the trustees of a settlement are the transferee, by the transferor alone,

then, subject to subsection (3) and sections 166, 167, 167A, 169, 169B and 169C, subsection (4) below shall apply in relation to the disposal.

(2) An asset is within this subsection if—

(a) it is, or is an interest in, an asset used for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation carried on by—

(i) the transferor, or

(ii) his personal company, or

(iii) a member of a trading group of which the holding company is his personal company, or

(b) it consists of shares or securities of a trading company, or of the holding company of a trading group, where—

(i) the shares or securities are not listed on a recognised stock exchange, or

(ii) the trading company or holding company is the transferor’s personal company.

(3) Subsection (4) below does not apply in relation to a disposal if—

(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ba) in the case of a disposal of shares or securities, the transferee is a company,

(c) in the case of a disposal of qualifying corporate bonds, a gain is deemed to accrue by virtue of section 116(10)(b), or

(d) subsection (3) of section 260 applies in relation to the disposal (or would apply if a claim for relief were duly made under that section).

(4) Where a claim for relief is made under this section in respect of a disposal—

(a) the amount of any chargeable gain which, apart from this section, would accrue to the transferor on the disposal, and

(b) the amount of the consideration for which, apart from this section, the transferee would be regarded for the purposes of capital gains tax as having acquired the asset or, as the case may be, the shares or securities,

shall each be reduced by an amount equal to the held-over gain on the disposal.

(5) Part I of Schedule 7 shall have effect for extending the relief provided for by virtue of subsections (1) to (4) above in the case of agricultural property and for applying it in relation to settled property.

(6) Subject to Part II of Schedule 7 and subsection (7) below, the reference in subsection (4) above to the held-over gain on a disposal is a reference to the chargeable gain which would have accrued on that disposal apart from subsection (4) above ..., and in subsection (7) below that chargeable gain is referred to as the unrelieved gain on the disposal.

(7) In any case where—

(a) there is actual consideration (as opposed to the consideration equal to the market value which is deemed to be given by virtue of section 17(1)) for a disposal in respect of which a claim for relief is made under this section, and

(b) that actual consideration exceeds the sums allowable as a deduction under section 38,

the held-over gain on the disposal shall be the amount by which the unrelieved gain on the disposal exceeds the excess referred to in paragraph (b) above.

(7A) Subsections (7B) and (7C) apply in any case where—

(a) the disposal is a direct or indirect disposal of UK land which meets the non-residence condition, and

(b) the transferee is resident in the United Kingdom.

(7B) Subsections (4) and (6) have effect in relation to the disposal as if the references to “chargeable gain” were references to “so much of any gain accruing on the disposal as falls to be dealt with as mentioned in subsection (7D)(a) or (b)”.

(7C) Subsection (7) has effect in relation to the disposal as if the reference to “the excess referred to in paragraph (b) above” were a reference to “so much of the gain mentioned in subsection (7B) which, ignoring this section and section 17(1), would accrue to the transferor on the disposal”.

(7D) For the purposes of subsections (7A) to (7C) a disposal is a “direct or indirect disposal of UK land which meets the non-residence condition” if it is—

(a) a disposal on which a gain accrues that falls to be dealt with by section 1A(3) because the asset disposed of is within paragraph (b) or (c) of that subsection, or

(b) a disposal on which a gain accrues that falls to be dealt with by section 1A(1) in accordance with section 1G(2) because the asset disposed of is within section 1A(3)(b) or (c).

(8) Subject to subsection (9) below, in this section and Schedule 7—

(a) “personal company”, in relation to an individual, means a company the voting rights in which are exercisable, as to not less than 5 per cent., by that individual;

(aa) “holding company”, “trading company” and “trading group” have the meaning given by section 165A; and

(b) “trade”, “profession” and “vocation” have the same meaning as in the Income Tax Acts.

(9) In this section and Schedule 7 and in determining whether a company is a trading company for the purposes of this section and that Schedule, the expression “trade” shall be taken to include the occupation of woodlands where the woodlands are managed by the occupier on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits.

(10) Where a disposal in relation to which subsection (4) above applies is (or proves to be) a chargeable transfer for inheritance tax purposes, there shall be allowed as a deduction in computing (for capital gains tax purposes) the chargeable gain accruing to the transferee on the disposal of the asset in question an amount equal to whichever is the lesser of—

(a) the inheritance tax attributable to the value of the asset, and

(b) the amount of the chargeable gain as computed apart from this subsection,

and, in the case of a disposal which, being a potentially exempt transfer, proves to be a chargeable transfer, all necessary adjustments shall be made, whether by the discharge or repayment of capital gains tax or otherwise.

(11) Where an amount of inheritance tax—

(a) falls to be redetermined in consequence of the transferor’s death within 7 years of making the chargeable transfer in question, or

(b) is otherwise varied,

after it has been taken into account under subsection (10) above, all necessary adjustments shall be made, whether by the making of an assessment to capital gains tax or by the discharge or repayment of such tax.

Meaning of “holding company”, “trading company” and “trading group”

165A

(1) This section has effect for the interpretation of section 165 (and this section).

(2) “Holding company” means a company that has one or more 51% subsidiaries.

(3) “Trading company” means a company carrying on trading activities whose activities do not include to a substantial extent activities other than trading activities.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) above “trading activities” means activities carried on by the company—

(a) in the course of, or for the purposes of, a trade being carried on by it,

(b) for the purposes of a trade that it is preparing to carry on,

(d) with a view to its acquiring a significant interest in the share capital of another company that—

(i) is a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and

(ii) if the acquiring company is a member of a group of companies, is not a member of that group.

(5) Activities do not qualify as trading activities under subsection (4)(c) or (d) above unless the acquisition is made, or the company starts to carry on the trade, as soon as is reasonably practicable in the circumstances.

(6) The reference in subsection (4)(d) above to the acquisition of a significant interest in the share capital of another company is to an acquisition of ordinary share capital in the other company—

(a) such as would make that company a 51% subsidiary of the acquiring company, or

(b) such as would give the acquiring company a qualifying shareholding in a joint venture company without making the two companies members of the same group of companies.

(7) For the purpose of determining whether a company which has a qualifying shareholding in a joint venture company is a trading company—

(a) any holding by it of shares in the joint venture company is to be disregarded, and

(b) it is to be treated as carrying on an appropriate proportion of the activities of the joint venture company or, where the joint venture company is the holding company of a trading group, of the activities of that group;

and in paragraph (b) above “appropriate proportion” means a proportion corresponding to the percentage of the ordinary share capital of the joint venture company held by the company.

(8) “Trading group” means a group of companies—

(a) one or more of whose members carry on trading activities, and

(b) the activities of whose members, taken together, do not include to a substantial extent activities other than trading activities.

(9) For the purposes of subsection (8) above “trading activities” means activities carried on by a member of the group—

(a) in the course of, or for the purposes of, a trade being carried on by any member of the group,

(b) for the purposes of a trade that any member of the group is preparing to carry on,

(d) with a view to any member of the group acquiring a significant interest in the share capital of another company that—

(i) is a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and

(ii) is not a member of the same group of companies as the acquiring company.

(10) Activities do not qualify as trading activities under subsection (9)(c) or (d) above unless the acquisition is made, or the group member in question starts to carry on the trade, as soon as is reasonably practicable in the circumstances.

(11) The reference in subsection (9)(d) above to the acquisition of a significant interest in the share capital of another company is to an acquisition of ordinary share capital in the other company—

(a) such as would make that company a member of the same group of companies as the acquiring company, or

(b) such as would give the acquiring company a qualifying shareholding in a joint venture company without making the joint venture company a member of the same group of companies as the acquiring company.

(12) For the purpose of determining whether a group of companies is a trading group in a case where any one or more members of the group has a qualifying shareholding in a joint venture company which is not a member of the group—

(a) every holding of shares in the joint venture company by a member of the group having a qualifying shareholding in it is to be disregarded, and

(b) each member of the group having such a qualifying shareholding is to be treated as carrying on an appropriate proportion of the activities of the joint venture company or, where the joint venture company is a holding company of a trading group, of the activities of that group;

and in paragraph (b) above “appropriate proportion” means a proportion corresponding to the percentage of the ordinary share capital of the joint venture company held by the member of the group.

(13) For the purposes of this section the activities of the members of a group of companies are to be treated as one business (with the result that activities are disregarded to the extent that they are intra-group activities).

(14) In this section—

“51% subsidiary” has the meaning given by Chapter 3 of Part 24 of CTA 2010,

“group of companies” means a company which has one or more 51% subsidiaries together with those subsidiaries,

“joint venture company” means a company—which is a trading company or the holding company of a trading group, and75% or more of the ordinary share capital of which (in aggregate) is held by not more than 5 persons (the shareholdings of members of a group of companies being regarded for the purposes of this paragraph as held by a single company),

“ordinary share capital” has the meaning given by section 989 of ITA 2007,

“qualifying shareholding”, in relation to a company and a joint venture company, means—the holding by the company of 10% or more of the ordinary share capital of the joint venture company, or(where the company is a member of a group of companies) the holding by the company and the other members of the group (between them) of 10% or more of that ordinary share capital, and

“trade” means ... anything which—is a trade, profession or vocation, within the meaning of the Income Tax Acts, andis conducted on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits.

Gifts to non-residents.

166

(1) Subject to section 167A, section 165(4) shall not apply where the transferee is not resident in the United Kingdom.

(2) Section 165(4) shall not apply where the transferee is an individual ... if that individual ... —

(a) though resident ... in the United Kingdom, is regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) by virtue of the arrangements would not be liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on a disposal of the asset occurring immediately after its acquisition.

Gifts to foreign-controlled companies.

167

(1) Subject to section 167A, section 165(4) shall not apply where the transferee is a company which is within subsection (2) below.

(2) A company is within this subsection if it is controlled by a person who, or by persons each of whom—

(a) is not resident in the United Kingdom, and

(b) is or is connected with the person making the disposal.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) above, a person who (either alone or with others) controls a company by virtue of holding assets relating to that or any other company and who is resident in the United Kingdom is to be regarded as not resident there if—

(a) he is regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) by virtue of the arrangements he would not be liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain arising on a disposal of the assets.

Gifts of direct or indirect interests in UK land to non-residents

167A

(1) This section applies where the disposal in relation to which a claim could be made under section 165 is a disposal of an asset within section 1A(3)(b) or (c) to a transferee who is not resident in the United Kingdom and, ignoring section 165—

(a) a gain would accrue to the transferor on the disposal, and

(b) on the assumption that the disposal is a direct or indirect disposal of UK land which meets the non-residence condition (whether or not that is the case), that gain would be a relevant gain (see subsections (6) and (7)).

(2) Section 165(4) has effect in relation to the disposal as if it read—

(4) Where a claim for relief is made under this section in respect of the disposal, the amount of any chargeable gain which, apart from this section, would accrue to the transferor on the disposal, shall be reduced by an amount equal to the held-over gain on the disposal.

(3) Where the disposal is a direct or indirect disposal of UK land which meets the non-residence condition—

(a) section 165(4), as modified by subsection (2) of this section, has effect in relation to the disposal as if the reference to “chargeable gain” were a reference to “relevant gain”,

(b) section 165(6) has effect in relation to the disposal as if the references to “chargeable gain” were references to “relevant gain”, and

(c) section 165(7) has effect in relation to the disposal as if the reference to “the excess referred to in paragraph (b) above” were a reference to “the relevant gain which, ignoring this section and section 17(1), would accrue to the transferor on the disposal”.

(4) Where a claim for relief is made under section 165 in relation to the disposal mentioned in subsection (1), on a subsequent disposal by the transferee of the whole or part of the asset within section 1A(3)(b) or (c) which is the subject of the disposal mentioned in subsection (1), the whole or a corresponding part of the held-over gain (see section 165(6))—

(a) is deemed to accrue to the transferee (in addition to any gain or loss that actually accrues on that subsequent disposal), and

(b) (if that would not otherwise be the case) is to be treated as a relevant gain.

(5) Where the subsequent disposal mentioned in subsection (4) is (or proves to be) a chargeable transfer for inheritance tax purposes, section 165(10) has effect in relation to the disposal as if—

(a) the reference to “the chargeable gain accruing to the transferee on the disposal of the asset” were a reference to the chargeable gain accruing on the disposal as computed apart from subsection (4), and

(b) the reference in section 165(10)(b) to “the chargeable gain” were a reference to—

(i) the chargeable gain chargeable to capital gains tax by virtue of any provision of this Act accruing on the disposal, and

(ii) the held-over gain deemed to accrue under subsection (4).

(6) For the purposes of this section, a disposal is a “direct or indirect disposal of UK land which meets the non-residence condition” if it is—

(a) a disposal on which a gain accrues that falls to be dealt with by section 1A(3) because the asset disposed of is within paragraph (b) or (c) of that subsection, or

(b) a disposal on which a gain accrues that falls to be dealt with by section 1A(1) in accordance with section 1G(2) because the asset disposed of is within section 1A(3)(b) or (c).

(7) For the purposes of this section, a “relevant gain” means so much of any chargeable gain accruing on a disposal as falls to be dealt with as mentioned in subsection (6)(a) or (b).

Emigration of donee.

168

(1) If—

(a) relief is given under section 165 in respect of a disposal to an individual or under section 260 in respect of a disposal to an individual (“the relevant disposal”); and

(aa) the transferee is resident in the United Kingdom at the time of that disposal; and

(b) at a time when he has not disposed of the asset in question, the transferee ceases to be resident in the United Kingdom,

then, subject to the following provisions of this section, a chargeable gain shall be deemed to have accrued to the transferee immediately before that time, and its amount shall be equal to the held-over gain (within the meaning of section 165 or 260) on the relevant disposal.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above the transferee shall be taken to have disposed of an asset before the time there referred to only if he has made a disposal or disposals in connection with which the whole of the held-over gain on the relevant disposal was represented by reductions made in accordance with section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b) and where he has made a disposal in connection with which part of that gain was so represented, the amount of the chargeable gain deemed by virtue of this section to accrue to him shall be correspondingly reduced.

(3) The disposals by the transferee that are to be taken into account under subsection (2) above shall not include any disposal to which section 58 applies; but where any such disposal is made by the transferee, disposals by his spouse or civil partner shall be taken into account under subsection (2) above as if they had been made by him.

(4) Subsection (1) above shall not apply by reason of a person ceasing to be resident more than 6 years after the end of the year of assessment in which the relevant disposal was made.

(5) Subsection (1) above shall not apply in relation to a disposal made to an individual if—

(a) the reason for his ceasing to be resident in the United Kingdom is that he works in an employment or office all the duties of which are performed outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) he again becomes resident ... in the United Kingdom within the period of 3 years from the time when he ceases to be so, without having meanwhile disposed of the asset in question;

and accordingly no assessment shall be made by virtue of subsection (1) above before the end of that period in any case where the condition in paragraph (a) above is, and the condition in paragraph (b) above may be, satisfied.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above a person shall be taken to have disposed of an asset if he has made a disposal in connection with which the whole or part of the held-over gain on the relevant disposal would, had he been resident in the United Kingdom, have been represented by a reduction made in accordance with section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b) and subsection (3) above shall have effect for the purposes of this subsection as it has effect for the purposes of subsection (2) above.

(7) Where an amount of tax assessed on a transferee by virtue of subsection (1) above is not paid within the period of 12 months beginning with the date when the tax becomes payable then, subject to subsection (8) below, the transferor may be assessed and charged (in the name of the transferee) to all or any part of that tax.

(8) No assessment shall be made under subsection (7) above more than 6 years after the end of the year of assessment in which the relevant disposal was made.

(9) Where the transferor pays an amount of tax in pursuance of subsection (7) above, he shall be entitled to recover a corresponding sum from the transferee.

(10) Gains on disposals made after a chargeable gain has under this section been deemed to accrue by reference to a held-over gain shall be computed without any reduction under section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b) in respect of that held-over gain.

Postponing held-over gain: interests in UK land

168A

(1) This section applies if—

(a) an interest in UK land is deemed to have been disposed of under section 168(1) by a transferee at any time, and

(b) the transferee makes an election under this subsection.

(2) The held-over gain (within the meaning of section 165 or 260) that, but for this subsection, would have accrued to the transferee at that time is not to accrue at that time.

(3) But, on a subsequent disposal by the transferee of the whole or part of the interest in UK land, the whole or a corresponding part of the held-over gain is treated as accruing on the subsequent disposal.

(4) This gain is in addition to any gain or loss that actually accrues on the subsequent disposal.

(5) In this section “interest in UK land” has the meaning given by section 1C.

Gifts into dual resident trusts.

169

(1) This section applies where there is or has been a disposal of an asset to the trustees of a settlement in such circumstances that, on a claim for relief, section 165 or 260 applies, or would but for this section apply, so as to reduce the amounts of the chargeable gain and the consideration referred to in section 165(4) or 260(3).

(2) In this section “a relevant disposal” means such a disposal as is referred to in subsection (1) above.

(3) Relief under section 165 or 260 shall not be available on a relevant disposal if—

(a) at the material time the trustees to whom the disposal is made are resident ... in the United Kingdom ... ; and

(b) on a notional disposal of the asset concerned occurring immediately after the material time, the trustees would be regarded for the purposes of any double taxation relief arrangements—

(i) as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom; and

(ii) as not liable in the United Kingdom to tax on a gain accruing on that disposal.

(4) In subsection (3) above—

(a) “the material time” means the time of the relevant disposal; and

(b) a “notional disposal” means a disposal by the trustees of the asset which was the subject of the relevant disposal.

Cessation of trade by limited liability partnership

169A

(1) This section applies where section 59A(1) ceases to apply to a limited liability partnership.

(2) A member of the partnership who immediately before the time at which section 59A(1) ceases to apply holds an asset, or an interest in an asset, acquired by him—

(a) on a disposal to members of a partnership, and

(b) for a consideration which is treated as reduced under section 165(4)(b) or 260(3)(b),

shall be treated as if a chargeable gain equal to the amount of the reduction accrued to him immediately before that time.

Gifts to settlor-interested settlements etc

169B

(1) Neither section 165(4) nor section 260(3) shall apply in relation to a disposal (“the relevant disposal”)—

(a) made by a person (“the transferor”) to the trustees of a settlement, and

(b) in respect of which Condition 1 or Condition 2 below is satisfied.

(2) Condition 1 is that, immediately after the making of the relevant disposal,—

(a) there is a settlor (see section 169E) who has an interest in the settlement (see section 169F), or

(b) an arrangement (see section 169G) subsists under which such an interest will or may be acquired by a settlor.

(3) Condition 2 is that—

(a) a chargeable gain would (assuming that neither section 165(4) nor section 260(3) applied in relation to the relevant disposal) accrue to the transferor on that disposal,

(b) in computing the gain, the allowable expenditure would to any extent fall to be reduced in consequence, directly or indirectly, of a claim under section 165 or 260 in respect of an earlier disposal made by an individual (whether or not to the transferor), and

(i) that individual has an interest in the settlement, or

(ii) an arrangement subsists under which such an interest will or may be acquired by him.

(4) This section is subject to section 169D (exception for maintenance funds for historic buildings and certain settlements for disabled persons).

Clawback of relief if settlement becomes settlor-interested etc

169C

(1) This section applies in relation to a disposal (“the relevant disposal”)—

(a) made by a person (“the transferor”) to the trustees of a settlement,

(b) in relation to which section 165(4) or 260(3) applies, or would apart from this section apply, and

(2) Condition 1 is that, at any time during the clawback period,—

(a) there is a settlor who has an interest in the settlement, or

(b) an arrangement subsists under which such an interest will or may be acquired by a settlor.

(3) Condition 2 is that—

(a) in computing the chargeable gain which would (assuming that neither section 165(4) nor section 260(3) applied in relation to the relevant disposal) accrue to the transferor on that disposal, the allowable expenditure would fall to be reduced,

(b) that reduction would to any extent fall to be made in consequence, directly or indirectly, of a claim under section 165 or 260 in respect of an earlier disposal made by an individual (whether or not to the transferor), and

(i) that individual has an interest in the settlement, or

(ii) an arrangement subsists under which such an interest will or may be acquired by him.

(4) If no claim for relief under section 165 or 260 in respect of the relevant disposal is made before the material time, neither section 165(4) nor section 260(3) shall apply in relation to that disposal.

(5) Subsections (7) to (9) below apply if a claim for relief under section 165 or 260 in respect of the relevant disposal is made before the material time.

(6) But those subsections do not apply if—

(a) the transferor is an individual, and

(b) he dies before the material time.

(7) A chargeable gain, of an amount equal to the amount of the held-over gain (within the meaning of section 165 or 260) on the relevant disposal, shall be treated for the purposes of tax in respect of chargeable gains as accruing to the transferor at the material time.

(8) For any chargeable period ending after the making of the relevant disposal, the chargeable gains and allowable losses of—

(a) the trustees of the settlement, or

(b) any person whose title to any property to any extent derives, directly or indirectly, from them,

shall be determined on the assumption that neither section 165(4)(b) nor section 260(3)(b) ever applied in relation to that disposal.

(9) All such adjustments shall be made, whether by discharge or repayment of tax, the making of assessments or otherwise, as are required to give effect to subsection (8) above (notwithstanding any limitation on the time within which any adjustment may be made).

(10) If a claim for relief under section 165 or 260 in respect of the relevant disposal is revoked, this section shall apply as if the claim had never been made.

(11) In this section “the clawback period” means the period—

(a) beginning immediately after the making of the relevant disposal, and

(b) ending six years after the end of the year of assessment in which that disposal was made.

(12) In this section “the material time” means the time at which subsection (1)(c) above first becomes satisfied.

(13) This section is subject to section 169D.

Exceptions to sections 169B and 169C

169D

(1) Sections 169B and 169C shall not apply in relation to a disposal to the trustees of a settlement in a year of assessment if the trustees have elected, or could have elected, that section 508 of ITA 2007 (trustees’ election in respect of income arising from heritage maintenance property) shall have effect in the case of—

(a) the settlement, or

(b) any part of the settlement,

in relation to that year of assessment.

(2) Sections 169B and 169C shall not apply in relation to a disposal to the trustees of a settlement if the following conditions are satisfied.

(3) The first condition is that, immediately after the making of the disposal, the settled property is held on trusts which secure that, during the lifetime of a disabled person—

(a) if any of the property is applied for the benefit of a beneficiary, it is applied for the disabled person's benefit, and

(b) either—

(i) the disabled person is entitled to all of the income (if there is any) arising from any of the property, or

(ii) if any such income is applied for the benefit of a beneficiary, it is applied for the disabled person's benefit.

(4) The second condition is that if, immediately after the making of the disposal, one or more settlors is an interested settlor, each such settlor must at that time be a disabled beneficiary.

(4A) Where the income arising from the settled property is held on trusts of the kind described in section 33 of the Trustee Act 1925 (protective trusts), subsection (3) has effect as if the reference to the lifetime of a disabled person were a reference to the period during which the income is held on trust for the disabled person.

(4B) The trusts on which the settled property is held are not to be treated as falling outside subsection (3) by reason only of—

(a) the trustees' having powers that enable them to apply in any tax year otherwise than for the benefit of the disabled person amounts (whether consisting of income or capital, or both) not exceeding the annual limit,

(b) the trustees' having the powers conferred by section 32 of the Trustee Act 1925 (powers of advancement),

(c) the trustees' having those powers but free from, or subject to a less restrictive limitation than, the limitation imposed by proviso (a) of subsection (1) of that section,

(d) the trustees' having the powers conferred by section 33 of the Trustee Act (Northern Ireland) 1958 (corresponding provision for Northern Ireland),

(e) the trustees' having those powers but free from, or subject to a less restrictive limitation than, the limitation imposed by subsection (1)(a) of that section, or

(f) the trustees' having powers to the like effect as the powers mentioned in any of paragraphs (b) to (e).

(4C) For the purposes of this section, the “annual limit” for a tax year is whichever is the lower of the following amounts—

(a) £3,000, and

(b) 3% of the amount that is the maximum value of the settled property during the tax year in question.

(4D) The Treasury may by order—

(a) specify circumstances in which subsection (4B)(a) is, or is not, to apply in relation to a trust, and

(b) amend the definition of “the annual limit” in subsection (4C).

(4E) An order under subsection (4D) may—

(a) make different provision for different cases, and

(b) contain transitional and saving provision.

(4F) A statutory instrument containing an order under subsection (4D) may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, the House of Commons.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4) above a settlor is an “interested settlor” in relation to a settlement if—

(a) he has an interest in the settlement, or

(b) an arrangement subsists under which such an interest will or may be acquired by him;

and for this purpose, the references to an individual’s spouse or civil partner in section 169F(2) and (3) and to an individual's dependent child in section 169F(2A) shall be disregarded.

(6) In subsection (4) above “disabled beneficiary”, in relation to a settlement, means a disabled person who—

(a) is a beneficiary under the settlement, or

(b) would be such a beneficiary if he had the interest in the settlement by virtue of which subsection (5)(b) above applies in relation to him.

(7) In this section “disabled person” has the meaning given by Schedule 1A to the Finance Act 2005.

(10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(11) The references in subsection (3) above to the lifetime of a person shall, where the income from the settled property is held for his benefit on trusts of the kind described in section 33 of the Trustee Act 1925 (protective trusts), be construed as references to the period during which the income is held on trust for him.

Meaning of “settlor” in sections 169B to 169D and 169G

169E

(1) For the purposes of this section and, sections 169B to 169D ... , a person is a settlor in relation to a settlement if—

(a) he is an individual, and

(b) the settled property consists of, or includes, property originating from him.

(2) In subsection (1) above, the reference to property originating from a settlor is a reference to—

(a) property which that settlor has provided directly or indirectly for the purposes of the settlement, and

(b) property which wholly or partly represents that property or any part of it.

(3) In subsection (2) above, the references to property which a settlor has provided directly or indirectly—

(a) include references to property which has been provided directly or indirectly by another person in pursuance of reciprocal arrangements with that settlor, but

(b) do not include references to property which that settlor has provided directly or indirectly in pursuance of reciprocal arrangements with another person.

(4) In subsection (2) above, the reference to property which represents other property includes a reference to property which represents accumulated income from that other property.

Meaning of “interest in a settlement” in sections 169B to 169D

169F

(1) For the purposes of this section and sections 169B to 169D, an individual is to be regarded as having an interest in a settlement if subsection (2), (3) or (3A) below applies.

(2) This subsection applies if—

(a) any property which is or may at any time be comprised in the settlement, or

(b) any derived property,

is, or will or may become, payable to or applicable for the benefit of the individual or his spouse or civil partner in any circumstances whatsoever.

(3) This subsection applies if the individual or his spouse or civil partner enjoys a benefit deriving directly or indirectly from—

(a) any property which is comprised in the settlement, or

(b) any derived property.

(3A) This subsection applies if—

(a) any property which is or may at any time be comprised in the settlement, or any derived property, is, or will or may become, payable to or applicable for the benefit of a child of the individual, at a time when that child is a dependent child of his, in any circumstances whatsoever, or

(b) a dependent child of the individual enjoys a benefit deriving directly or indirectly from any property which is comprised in the settlement or any derived property.

(4) The references in subsections (2) and (3) above to the spouse or civil partner of the individual do not include—

(a) a spouse or civil partner from whom the individual is separated—

(i) under an order of a court,

(ii) under a separation agreement, or

(iii) in such circumstances that the separation is likely to be permanent, or

(b) the widow or widower or surviving civil partner of the individual.

(4A) In this section—

(a) “dependent child” means a child who—

(i) is under the age of 18 years,

(ii) is unmarried, and

(iii) does not have a civil partner, and

(b) “child” includes a stepchild.

(4B) For the purposes of subsection (3A) above no account shall be taken of a term of a settlement relating to dependent children of an individual in respect of any time at which he has no dependent child.

(5) An individual is not to be regarded as having an interest in a settlement by virtue of subsection (2) above if and so long as none of the property which may at any time be comprised in the settlement, and no derived property, can become payable or applicable as mentioned in that provision except in the event of—

(a) in the case of a marriage settlement or civil partnership settlement, the death of both parties to the marriage or civil partnership and of all or any of the children of the family of the parties to the marriage or civil partnership, or

(b) the death of a child of the individual where the child had become beneficially entitled to the property or any derived property at an age not exceeding 25.

(5A) In subsection (5) “child of the family”, in relation to parties to a marriage or civil partnership, means a child of one or both of them.

(6) In this section “derived property”, in relation to any property, means—

(a) income from that property,

(b) property directly or indirectly representing—

(i) proceeds of that property, or

(ii) proceeds of income from that property, or

Meaning of “arrangement” in sections 169B to 169E and information power

169G

(1) In sections 169B to 169E “arrangement” or “arrangements” includes any scheme, agreement or understanding, whether or not legally enforceable.

(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 3 — business asset disposal relief

Introduction

169H

(1) This Chapter provides for a lower rate of capital gains tax in respect of qualifying business disposals (to be known as “business asset disposal relief”).

(2) The following are qualifying business disposals—

(a) a material disposal of business assets: see section 169I,

(b) a disposal of trust business assets: see section 169J, and

(3) But in the case of certain qualifying business disposals, business asset disposal relief is given only in respect of disposals of relevant business assets comprised in the qualifying business disposal: see sections 169L and 169LA.

(4) Section 169M makes provision requiring the making of a claim for business asset disposal relief.

(5) Sections 169N to 169P make provision as to the amount of business asset disposal relief.

(6) Sections 169Q and 169R make provision about reorganisations.

(7) Sections 169S and 169SA contain interpretative provisions for the purposes of this Chapter.

Material disposal of business assets

169I

(1) There is a material disposal of business assets where—

(a) an individual makes a disposal of business assets (see subsection (2)), and

(b) the disposal of business assets is a material disposal (see subsections (3) to (7)).

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter a disposal of business assets is—

(a) a disposal of the whole or part of a business,

(b) a disposal of (or of interests in) one or more assets in use, at the time at which a business ceases to be carried on, for the purposes of the business, or

(3) A disposal within paragraph (a) of subsection (2) is a material disposal if the business is owned by the individual throughout the period of 2 years ending with the date of the disposal.

(4) A disposal within paragraph (b) of that subsection is a material disposal if—

(a) the business is owned by the individual throughout the period of 2 years ending with the date on which the business ceases to be carried on, and

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