Financial Services Act 2012

PART 1 — Bank of England

Deputy Governors

1

• (1) In section 1 of the Bank of England Act 1998 (court of directors), for subsections (2) and (2A) substitute—

(2) The court shall consist of the following directors appointed by Her Majesty— (a) a Governor, (b) a Deputy Governor for financial stability, (c) a Deputy Governor for monetary policy, (d) a Deputy Governor for prudential regulation, and (e) not more than 9 non-executive directors.

• (2) In section 13 of that Act (Monetary Policy Committee), in subsection (2), for paragraph (a) substitute—

(a) the Governor of the Bank, (aa) the Deputy Governor for financial stability, (ab) the Deputy Governor for monetary policy,

.

The Bank's financial stability objective

2

• (1) Section 2A of the Bank of England Act 1998 (Financial Stability Objective) is amended as follows.

• (2) In subsection (1)—

• (a) for “contribute to protecting and enhancing” substitute “ protect and enhance ”, and

• (b) for “systems” substitute “ system ”.

• (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (4) Omit subsection (3) (which is superseded by the amendments made by section 4 of this Act).

Lloyd's

3

• (1) The Bank of England Act 1998 is amended as follows.

• (2) For section 3 substitute—

(3A) (1) There is to be a sub-committee of the court of directors of the Bank (“the Oversight Committee”) consisting of the non-executive directors of the Bank. (2) The functions of the Oversight Committee are— (a) keeping under review the Bank's performance in relation to— (i) the Bank's objectives (that is, the objectives specified in relation to it in this Act and the other objectives for the time being determined by the court of directors of the Bank), (ii) the duty of the Financial Policy Committee under section 9C, and (iii) the Bank's strategy as for the time being determined by the court of directors of the Bank (including its financial stability strategy); (b) monitoring the extent to which the objectives set by the court of directors of the Bank in relation to the Bank's financial management have been met; (c) keeping under review the internal financial controls of the Bank with a view to securing the proper conduct of its financial affairs; (d) the functions conferred on the Oversight Committee by the provisions listed in subsection (4). (3) The court of directors of the Bank may arrange for specified functions of the Bank to be discharged by the Oversight Committee. (4) The provisions referred to in subsection (2)(d) are— (a) section 9B (review of procedures followed by Financial Policy Committee); (b) section 16 (review of procedures followed by Monetary Policy Committee); (c) paragraph 14 of Schedule 1 (remuneration of Governor and Deputy Governors); (d) paragraph 5 of Schedule 2A (terms and conditions of office of members of Financial Policy Committee appointed under section 9B(1)(e)); (e) paragraph 9 of that Schedule (removal of members of Financial Policy Committee appointed under section 9B(1)(d) or (e)); (f) paragraph 4(2) of Schedule 3 (terms and conditions of office of members of Monetary Policy Committee appointed under section 13(2)(c)); (g) paragraph 9 of that Schedule (removal of members of Monetary Policy Committee appointed under section 13(2)(b) or (c)); (h) paragraph 15 of Schedule 1ZB to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (terms of service and remuneration of members of the governing body of the Prudential Regulation Authority). (3B) (1) The chair of the court (designated under paragraph 13 of Schedule 1) is to chair meetings of the Oversight Committee (when present). (2) The Committee is to determine its own procedure, but this is subject to subsection (1) and subsection (5). (3) The Committee may invite other persons to attend, or to attend and speak at, any meeting of the Committee. (4) The Committee may delegate any of its functions to two or more of its members. (5) If a member of the Committee (“M”) has any direct or indirect interest (including any reasonably likely future interest) in any dealing or business which falls to be considered by the Committee— (a) M must disclose that interest to the Committee when it considers that dealing or business, and (b) the Committee must decide whether M is to be permitted to participate in any proceedings of the Committee relating to any question arising from its consideration of the dealing or business, and if so to what extent and subject to what conditions (if any). (3C) (1) In the discharge of any of its functions, the Oversight Committee may arrange— (a) for a review to be conducted under this section in relation to any matter by a person appointed by the Committee, and (b) for the person conducting the review to make one or more reports to the Committee. (2) The persons who may be appointed to conduct a review include an officer or employee of the Bank. (3) A review under this section is a “performance review” if it— (a) is arranged by the Committee in the discharge of any of its functions under section 3A(2)(a) and (b), and (b) relates to past events. (4) If the person to be appointed to conduct a performance review is an officer or employee of the Bank, the appointment requires the consent of the Governor of the Bank. (5) In the case of a performance review, the Committee must have regard to the desirability of ensuring that sufficient time has elapsed— (a) for the review to be effective, and (b) to avoid the review having a material adverse effect on the exercise by the Bank of its functions. (3D) (1) The Bank must give the Treasury a copy of any report made to the Oversight Committee by a person appointed under section 3C to conduct a performance review (as defined by subsection (3) of that section). (2) Subject to subsection (3), the Bank must also publish the report. (3) Subsection (2) does not require the publication of information whose publication at the time when the report is made would in the opinion of the court of directors of the Bank be against the public interest. (4) Where the court of directors decides under subsection (3) that publication of information at the time when the report is made would be against the public interest, it must keep under consideration the question of whether publication of the information would still be against the public interest. (5) Where the court of directors decides that publication of any information is no longer against the public interest, the Bank must publish the information. (6) The Treasury must lay before Parliament a copy of any report or other information published by the Bank under this section. (3E) (1) This section applies where a report made by a person appointed under section 3C to conduct a review makes recommendations to the Bank as to steps to be taken by it. (2) The Oversight Committee must— (a) monitor the Bank's response to the report, and (b) if or to the extent that the Bank accepts the recommendations, monitor the implementation of the recommendations. (3F) (1) The documents to which the Oversight Committee is to have access in the discharge of its functions include documents considered, or to be considered, by the Financial Policy Committee or the Monetary Policy Committee. (2) One or two members of the Oversight Committee may attend any meeting of the Financial Policy Committee or the Monetary Policy Committee, but a person attending by virtue of this subsection may not speak unless invited to do so by the person chairing the meeting. (3) Subsection (2) does not affect— (a) anything done in relation to the Financial Policy Committee by a member of that Committee who is also a member of the Oversight Committee, (b) the powers of the Financial Policy Committee under paragraph 13 of Schedule 2A, or (c) the powers of the Monetary Policy Committee under paragraph 13A of Schedule 3.

• (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (4) In section 16 (functions of court of directors)—

• (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (b) in subsection (2)—

• (i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• (ii) for “the Committee” substitute “ the Monetary Policy Committee ”,

• (c) omit subsection (3), and

• (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Financial stability strategy and Financial Policy Committee

4

• (1) After Part 1 of the Bank of England Act 1998 insert—

(9A) (1) The court of directors must— (a) determine the Bank's strategy in relation to the Financial Stability Objective (its “financial stability strategy”), and (b) from time to time review, and if necessary revise, the strategy. (2) Before determining or revising the Bank's financial stability strategy, the court of directors must consult about a draft of the strategy or of the revisions— (a) the Financial Policy Committee, and (b) the Treasury. (3) The Financial Policy Committee may at any time make recommendations to the court of directors as to the provisions of the Bank's financial stability strategy. (4) The court of directors must determine the financial stability strategy of the Bank within 6 months of the coming into force of this section. (5) The court of directors must carry out and complete a review of the Bank's financial stability strategy before the end of each relevant period. (6) The relevant period is 3 years beginning with the date on which the previous review was completed, except that in the case of the first review the relevant period is the period of 3 years beginning with the date on which the strategy was determined under subsection (4). (7) The Bank must publish its financial stability strategy. (8) If the financial stability strategy is revised, the Bank must publish the revised strategy. (9) Publication under subsection (7) or (8) is to be in such manner as the Bank thinks fit. (9B) (1) There is to be a sub-committee of the court of directors of the Bank (the “Financial Policy Committee”) consisting of— (a) the Governor of the Bank, (b) the Deputy Governors of the Bank, (c) the Chief Executive of the FCA, (d) one member appointed by the Governor of the Bank after consultation with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, (e) 4 members appointed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and (f) a representative of the Treasury. (2) The member appointed under subsection (1)(d) is to be a person who has executive responsibility within the Bank for the analysis of threats to financial stability. (3) Before appointing a person under subsection (1)(e), the Chancellor of the Exchequer must— (a) be satisfied that the person has knowledge or experience which is likely to be relevant to the Committee's functions, and (b) consider whether the person has any financial or other interests that could substantially affect the functions as member that it would be proper for the person to discharge. (4) The Oversight Committee must keep the procedures followed by the Financial Policy Committee under review. (5) Schedule 2A has effect with respect to the Financial Policy Committee. (9C) (1) The Financial Policy Committee is to exercise its functions with a view to— (a) contributing to the achievement by the Bank of the Financial Stability Objective, and (b) subject to that, supporting the economic policy of Her Majesty's Government, including its objectives for growth and employment. (2) The responsibility of the Committee in relation to the achievement by the Bank of the Financial Stability Objective relates primarily to the identification of, monitoring of, and taking of action to remove or reduce, systemic risks with a view to protecting and enhancing the resilience of the UK financial system. (3) Those systemic risks include, in particular— (a) systemic risks attributable to structural features of financial markets, such as connections between financial institutions, (b) systemic risks attributable to the distribution of risk within the financial sector, and (c) unsustainable levels of leverage, debt or credit growth. (4) Subsections (1)(a) and (2) do not require or authorise the Committee to exercise its functions in a way that would in its opinion be likely to have a significant adverse effect on the capacity of the financial sector to contribute to the growth of the UK economy in the medium or long term. (5) In this Part “systemic risk” means a risk to the stability of the UK financial system as a whole or of a significant part of that system. (6) For the purposes of subsection (5) it is immaterial whether the risk arises in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. (7) In subsection (3)(c)— - “credit growth” means the growth in lending by the financial sector to individuals in the United Kingdom and businesses carried on in the United Kingdom; - “debt” means debt owed to the financial sector by individuals in the United Kingdom and businesses carried on in the United Kingdom; - “leverage” means the leverage of the financial sector in the United Kingdom. (9D) (1) The Treasury may by notice in writing to the Financial Policy Committee specify for the purposes of section 9C(1)(b) what the economic policy of Her Majesty's Government is to be taken to be. (2) The Treasury must specify under subsection (1) the matter mentioned there— (a) before the end of the period of 30 days beginning with the day on which section 9C comes into force, and (b) at least once in every calendar year following that in which the first notice under that subsection is given. (3) Where the Treasury give notice under this section they must— (a) publish the notice in such manner as they think fit, and (b) lay a copy of it before Parliament. (9E) (1) The Treasury may at any time by notice in writing to the Financial Policy Committee make recommendations to the Committee about— (a) matters that the Committee should regard as relevant to the Committee's understanding of the Bank's Financial Stability Objective; (b) the responsibility of the Committee in relation to the achievement of that objective; (c) the responsibility of the Committee in relation to support for the economic policy of Her Majesty's Government, including its objectives for growth and employment; (d) matters to which the Committee should have regard in exercising its functions. (2) The Treasury must make recommendations under subsection (1)(a) or (b) (“recommendations about the objective”)— (a) before the end of the period of 30 days beginning with the day on which this section comes into force, and (b) at least once in every calendar year following that in which the first recommendations about the objective are made. (3) The Committee must respond to any recommendations made to it under subsection (1) by notifying the Treasury, in relation to each recommendation, of one or more of the following— (a) action that the Committee has taken in accordance with the recommendation; (b) if or to the extent that the recommendation does not relate to immediate action, the Committee's intention to act in accordance with it; (c) whether or not the recommendation relates to immediate action, the Committee's reasons for not intending to act in accordance with it. (4) Notification under subsection (3) must be given or confirmed in writing. (5) The Treasury must— (a) publish in such manner as they think fit any notice given under subsection (1) or notification received under subsection (3), and (b) lay a copy of it before Parliament. (9F) (1) In the exercise of its functions, other than its functions under section 9A(2) or (3), the Financial Policy Committee must have regard to the Bank's financial stability strategy. (2) In working with the FCA or the PRA or exercising functions in relation to either of them, the Committee must, so far as it is possible to do so while complying with section 9C(1), seek to avoid exercising the Committee's functions in a way that would prejudice— (a) the advancement by the FCA of any of its operational objectives, or (b) the advancement by the PRA of any of its objectives. (3) In the exercise of its functions, the Committee must also have regard to— (a) the principle that a burden or restriction which is imposed on a person, or on the carrying on of an activity, should be proportionate to the benefits, considered in general terms, which are expected to result from the imposition of that burden or restriction; (b) the contribution to the achievement by the Bank of the Financial Stability Objective that the Committee can make by disclosing its views about possible systemic risks or disclosing other information about possible systemic risks; (c) the international obligations of the United Kingdom, particularly where relevant to the exercise of the powers of the Committee in relation to the FCA or the PRA. (9G) (1) The functions of the Financial Policy Committee are— (a) monitoring the stability of the UK financial system with a view to identifying and assessing systemic risks; (b) giving directions under section 9H; (c) making recommendations under sections 9O to 9R; (d) preparing financial stability reports under section 9W. (2) The court of directors may, with the consent of the Treasury, arrange for specified functions of the Bank to be discharged by the Financial Policy Committee. (9H) (1) The Financial Policy Committee may give a direction to the FCA or the PRA (“the regulator”) requiring the regulator to exercise its functions so as to ensure the implementation, by or in relation to a specified class of regulated persons, of a macro-prudential measure described in the direction. (2) “Regulated person” means— (a) in relation to the FCA— (i) an authorised person within the meaning of FSMA 2000, (ii) a recognised investment exchange within the meaning of that Act, or (iii) an EEA market operator as defined by section 312D of that Act; (b) in relation to the PRA, a PRA-authorised person within the meaning of that Act. (3) “Macro-prudential measure” is to be read in accordance with section 9L. (4) The direction may relate to all regulated persons or to regulated persons of a specified description, but may not relate to a specified regulated person. (5) The direction— (a) may refer to the opinion of the regulator or require or authorise the exercise of a discretion by the regulator; (b) may be expressed to remain in force for a specified period or until revoked. (6) The direction may not require its provisions to be implemented by specified means or within a specified period, but may include recommendations as to the means to be used and the timing of implementation. (7) A recommendation made under subsection (6) may be expressed to be one to which section 9Q(3) (duty to comply or explain) applies. (8) The direction may not require the regulator to do anything that it has no power to do, but the existence of the direction is relevant to the exercise of any discretion conferred on the regulator. (9) The direction may specify particular matters to which the regulator is or is not to have regard in complying with the direction, but those matters must be specified in relation to all regulated persons or a class of regulated person rather than a specified regulated person. (10) The direction may refer to a publication issued by the FCA, the PRA, another body in the United Kingdom or an international organisation, as the publication has effect from time to time. (9I) (1) The regulator must comply with a direction given to it under section 9H as soon as reasonably practicable. (2) An order under section 9L may, in relation to cases where the regulator is complying with a direction under section 9H, exclude or modify any procedural requirement that would otherwise apply under FSMA 2000 in relation to the exercise by the regulator of its functions in pursuance of the direction. (3) The regulator to which a direction under section 9H is given must give the Financial Policy Committee one or more reports on how it is complying or has complied with the direction. (4) The Financial Policy Committee may give directions to the regulator specifying the times by which reports required by subsection (3) must be given to the Committee. (5) “Regulator” has the same meaning as in section 9H. (9J) (1) The Financial Policy Committee may at any time by notice to the regulator revoke a direction under section 9H. (2) A direction under section 9H is to be taken to be revoked if the measure to which it relates ceases to be a macro-prudential measure, but this is subject to any provision made under section 9L(4)(e). (3) The revocation of a direction under section 9H does not affect the validity of anything previously done in accordance with it. (4) “Regulator” has the same meaning as in section 9H. (9K) (1) Each of the following must be in writing— (a) a direction under section 9H; (b) a notice revoking such a direction; (c) a report under section 9I(3). (2) The Financial Policy Committee must give the Treasury a copy of any direction under section 9H or any notice revoking such a direction. (3) The Treasury may, if they think fit, lay before Parliament a copy of a direction under section 9H or a notice revoking such a direction. (4) Where a direction under section 9H, or a notice revoking such a direction, is included in a record published under section 9U, the Treasury must, if they have not already done so, lay before Parliament a copy of the direction or notice in the form in which it is published in the record. (9L) (1) For the purposes of section 9H a “macro-prudential measure” is a measure prescribed by the Treasury by order. (2) Before making an order under this section, the Treasury must— (a) consult the Financial Policy Committee, or (b) if the Treasury consider that the delay involved in consulting the Committee would be prejudicial to the stability of the UK financial system, consult the Governor of the Bank. (3) In prescribing a measure, the order must specify whether the measure is prescribed in relation to the FCA, the PRA, or both. (4) An order under this section— (a) may make different provision for different cases; (b) may confer a discretion on the Financial Policy Committee, the FCA or the PRA; (c) may refer to rules made by the FCA or the PRA; (d) may refer to a publication issued by the FCA, the PRA, another body in the United Kingdom or an international organisation, as the publication has effect from time to time; (e) may contain transitional provisions and savings relating to the coming into force of any provision of the order or to the ceasing to be in force of any temporary provision made by the order. (9M) (1) In relation to each macro-prudential measure prescribed under section 9L, the Financial Policy Committee must prepare and maintain a written statement of the general policy that it proposes to follow in relation to the exercise of its power of direction under section 9H so far as it relates to that measure. (2) The Committee may at any time alter or replace a statement maintained under this section. (3) The Bank must publish each statement maintained under this section. (4) Publication is to be in such manner as the Bank thinks fit. (5) Nothing in this section is to be regarded as preventing the Financial Policy Committee from exercising its power of direction under section 9H in relation to a macro-prudential measure, where it considers it necessary to do so by reason of urgency, before it has prepared a statement under this section in relation to that measure. (9N) (1) Except as provided by subsection (2), an order under section 9L is not to be made unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament. (2) An order under section 9L may be made without a draft having been laid and approved as mentioned in subsection (1) if the order contains a statement that the Treasury are of the opinion that, by reason of urgency, it is necessary to make the order without a draft being so laid and approved. (3) An order under section 9L made in accordance with subsection (2)— (a) must be laid before Parliament after being made, and (b) ceases to have effect at the end of the relevant period unless before the end of that period the order is approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament (but without affecting anything done under the order or the power to make a new order). (4) The “relevant period” is a period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the order is made. (5) In reckoning the relevant period no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which either House is adjourned for more than 4 days. (9O) (1) The Financial Policy Committee may make recommendations within the Bank. (2) The recommendations may, in particular, relate to— (a) the provision by the Bank of financial assistance to financial institutions; (b) the exercise by the Bank of its functions in relation to payment systems, settlement systems and clearing houses. (3) The Committee may not make recommendations about— (a) the provision by the Bank of financial assistance in relation to a particular financial institution, or (b) the exercise by the Bank of its powers under Parts 1 to 3 of the Banking Act 2009 in relation to a particular institution. (4) The recommendations must be made or confirmed in writing. (9P) (1) The Financial Policy Committee may make recommendations to the Treasury. (2) The recommendations may, in particular, relate to the exercise by the Treasury of their power to make orders under— (a) section 9L (macro-prudential measures), (b) section 22(1) or (1A) of FSMA 2000 (regulated activities), (c) section 22A(1) of that Act (designation of activities requiring prudential regulation by PRA), (d) section 137D(1)(b) of that Act (purposes for which FCA may make product intervention rules), or (e) section 165A(2)(d) of that Act (additional persons who may be required by PRA to provide information). (3) The recommendations must be made or confirmed in writing. (4) The Committee may make a recommendation under subsection (2)(e) only if it considers that the exercise by the Treasury of their power to make an order under section 165A(2)(d) of FSMA 2000 in the manner proposed is desirable for the purposes of the exercise by the Committee of its functions. (5) Before giving a recommendation under subsection (2)(e), the Committee must consult the Treasury. (9Q) (1) The Financial Policy Committee may make recommendations to the FCA and the PRA about the exercise of their respective functions. (2) The recommendations may relate to all regulated persons or to regulated persons of a specified description, but may not relate to the exercise of the functions of the FCA or the PRA in relation to a specified regulated person. (3) If the recommendations are expressed to be recommendations to which this subsection applies, the body to which they are made must as soon as reasonably practicable— (a) act in accordance with the recommendations, or (b) if to any extent it does not, notify the Committee of the extent to which it has not acted in accordance with the recommendations and of the reasons for its decision. (4) The recommendations, and any notification under subsection (3)(b), must be made or confirmed in writing. (5) “Regulated person” has the same meaning as in section 9H. (9R) (1) The Financial Policy Committee may make recommendations to persons other than those mentioned in sections 9O to 9Q. (2) The recommendations must be made or confirmed in writing. (9S) (1) In connection with the exercise of any of the specified powers, the Financial Policy Committee must prepare an explanation of— (a) the reasons for the Committee's decision to exercise the power, in the way in which it is being exercised, and (b) the Committee's reasons for believing that the exercise of the power, in the way in which it is being exercised, is compatible with the duties of the Committee under the following provisions— (i) section 9C(1) (as read with section 9C(4)), and (ii) section 9F. (2) The specified powers are— (a) the power to give a direction under section 9H; (b) the power to make recommendations under section 9O, so far as relating to the exercise of the Bank's functions in relation to payment systems, settlement systems and clearing houses; (c) the power to make recommendations under section 9P, so far as relating to the exercise by the Treasury of their power to make orders under any of the provisions mentioned in subsection (2) of that section; (d) the power to make recommendations under section 9Q. (3) The explanation required by subsection (1) in relation to the duty in section 9F(3)(a) must include an estimate of the costs and an estimate of the benefits that would arise from compliance with the direction or recommendation in question, unless in the opinion of the Committee it is not reasonably practicable to include such an estimate. (9T) (1) The Financial Policy Committee must— (a) before the end of each review period, review each direction given by it under section 9H, other than a direction revoked before the end of the review period, and (b) prepare a summary of its conclusions. (2) A review period is— (a) in relation to the first review, the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which the direction was given, and (b) in relation to subsequent reviews, the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which the previous review was completed. (3) The Financial Policy Committee must maintain arrangements for the review at regular intervals of any recommendations that it has made under any of sections 9O to 9R and are of continuing relevance. (4) The purpose of a review is— (a) in the case of a direction, to consider whether the direction ought to be revoked, and (b) in the case of a recommendation, to consider whether the recommendation ought to be withdrawn. (9U) (1) The Bank must publish a record of each meeting of the Financial Policy Committee before the end of the period of 6 weeks beginning with the day of the meeting. (2) The record must specify any decisions taken at the meeting (including decisions to take no action) and must set out, in relation to each decision, a summary of the Committee's deliberations. (3) The decisions referred to in subsection (2) include in particular a decision— (a) to give or revoke a direction under section 9H; (b) to make recommendations under any of sections 9O to 9R. (4) Where a decision has been made to give or revoke a direction under section 9H, the record must include the text of the direction or of the notice of revocation. (5) Where a decision has been made to make recommendations under any of sections 9O to 9R, the record must include the recommendations. (6) Where since the previous meeting the Committee has received a notification under section 9Q(3)(b), the record must include the notification. (7) The information required by subsections (1) and (2) does not include information identifying particular members of the Committee. (8) Subsections (1) to (6) do not require the publication of— (a) information about any recommendations made under 9O(2)(a); (b) information whose publication within the time required by subsection (1) would in the opinion of the Committee be against the public interest; (c) information about any decision under paragraph (b); (d) information about a decision to give a direction under section 9H which has been revoked before the record of the meeting at which it was given is published; (e) information about the decision to revoke a direction where information about the direction is withheld under paragraph (d). (9) Publication under this section or section 9V is to be in such manner as the Bank thinks fit. (9V) (1) Where the Financial Policy Committee decides under subsection (8)(b) of section 9U that publication of information within the time required by subsection (1) of that section would be against the public interest— (a) it must consider whether to fix a date as the earliest date on which the information may be published, and (b) if it does not fix a date, it must keep under consideration the question whether publication of the information would still be against the public interest. (2) The Committee must from time to time determine the procedures that it will follow in complying with the duty in subsection (1)(b). (3) Where the Committee— (a) fixes a date under subsection (1)(a) as the earliest date on which any information may be published, or (b) decides under subsection (1)(b) that publication of any information is no longer against the public interest, the Bank must publish the information at the time when it next publishes under section 9U(1) the record of a meeting of the Committee. (9W) (1) The Financial Policy Committee must prepare and publish reports relating to financial stability (“financial stability reports”). (2) Two financial stability reports must be published in each calendar year. (3) A financial stability report must include— (a) the Committee's view of the stability of the UK financial system at the time when the report is prepared, (b) an assessment of the developments that have influenced the current position, (c) an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the UK financial system, (d) an assessment of risks to the stability of the UK financial system, and (e) the Committee's view of the outlook for the stability of the UK financial system. (4) A financial stability report must also include— (a) a summary of the activities of the Committee in the reporting period, and (b) an assessment of the extent to which the exercise by the Committee of its functions (both during the reporting period and previously) has succeeded during the reporting period in achieving the objectives set out in section 9C(1)(a) and (b). (5) If during the reporting period the Committee has made any decision in relation to which section 9S requires the preparation of an explanation, the financial stability report must include the required explanation. (6) If during the reporting period the Committee has completed the review of a direction or recommendation, the financial stability report must include a summary of the review. (7) The reporting period is the period since the date of the previous financial stability report, except that in the case of the first financial stability report it is the period since the time when this section came fully into force. (8) Nothing in subsections (3) to (6) is to be regarded as requiring the Committee to include in a financial stability report any information whose publication would in the Committee's opinion be against the public interest. (9) The Committee must give a copy of each financial stability report to the Treasury. (10) The Treasury must lay before Parliament a copy of each financial stability report. (11) Publication of a financial stability report is to be in such manner as the Bank thinks fit. (9X) (1) As soon as reasonably practicable after the publication by the Financial Policy Committee of a financial stability report, the Governor of the Bank and the Chancellor of the Exchequer must meet to discuss the report and any other matters relating to the stability of the UK financial system that they consider it appropriate to discuss. (2) The Treasury must publish a record of each meeting required by subsection (1) before the end of the period of 6 weeks beginning with the day of the meeting. (3) Publication under subsection (2) is to be in such manner as the Treasury think fit. (4) Subsection (2) does not require the publication of information whose publication within the time required by that subsection would in the opinion of the Treasury be against the public interest. (5) Before publishing the record of a meeting required by subsection (1), or deciding under subsection (4) not to publish such a record, the Treasury must consult the Bank about the record and its publication. (9Y) (1) The Bank may exercise the powers conferred by this section where it considers that information or documents are reasonably required in connection with the exercise by the Bank of its functions in pursuance of the Financial Stability Objective. (2) The Bank may give a direction to the FCA or the PRA (“the regulator”) requiring the regulator— (a) to provide the Bank with specified information or information of a specified description, or (b) to produce to the Bank specified documents or documents of a specified description. (3) The direction may relate to information or documents which are held by persons other than the regulator and which the regulator has power to obtain or whose production the regulator has power to require. (4) Any information or documents to which the direction relates are— (a) where the information or documents are held by a person in relation to whom the powers conferred by subsections (1) and (3) of section 165 of FSMA 2000 are exercisable, to be taken to be information or documents to which that section applies by virtue of subsection (4) of that section, and (b) where they are held by a person to whom section 165A of FSMA 2000 applies and the direction is given to the PRA, to be taken to be information or documents to which that section applies by virtue of subsection (3) of that section. (5) The information or documents must be provided or produced before the end of such period as may be specified. (6) The Bank may require any information provided under this section to be provided in such form as it may require. (7) The Bank may require— (a) any information provided, whether in a document or otherwise, to be verified in such manner as it may require; (b) any document produced to be authenticated in such manner as it may require. (9Z) (1) In the exercise of its functions under section 9Y, the Bank must have regard to the principle that a burden or restriction which is imposed on a person, or on the carrying on of an activity, should be proportionate to the benefits, considered in general terms, which are expected to result from the imposition of that burden or restriction. (2) Before giving a direction under section 9Y to the FCA or the PRA (“the regulator”), the Bank must consult the regulator. (3) A direction under section 9Y must be in writing, and may be revoked by a notice in writing. (4) As soon as practicable after giving a direction under section 9Y, the Bank must publish the direction in such manner as it thinks appropriate for bringing the direction to the attention of persons (other than the regulator to which it is given) who may be affected by it. (5) Subsection (4) does not require the publication of information whose publication at the time required by that subsection would in the opinion of the Bank be against the public interest. (6) Where the Bank decides under subsection (5) that publication of any information would be against the public interest, it must from time to time review that decision and if it subsequently decides that publication is no longer against the public interest it must comply with subsection (4). (9ZA) In this Part— - “the FCA” means the Financial Conduct Authority; - “financial assistance” has the meaning given by section 257(1) of the Banking Act 2009; - “the Financial Policy Committee” means the Financial Policy Committee of the Bank of England; - “the financial sector” means financial institutions generally; - “FSMA 2000” means the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000; - “the PRA” means the Prudential Regulation Authority; - “systemic risk” has the meaning given by section 9C(5); - “the UK economy” means the economy of the United Kingdom; - “the UK financial system” means the financial system of the United Kingdom.

• (2) After Schedule 2 to the Bank of England Act 1998 insert as Schedule 2A the Schedule set out in Part 1 of Schedule 1 to this Act.

• (3) The further amendments relating to the Financial Policy Committee in Part 2 of Schedule 1 have effect.

• (4) Sections 2B and 2C of the Bank of England Act 1998 (which relate to the establishment and procedure of the Financial Stability Committee) are repealed.

Further amendments relating to Bank of England

5

Schedule 2 contains further amendments relating to the Bank of England.

PART 2 — Amendments of Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

Financial Conduct Authority and Prudential Regulation Authority

The new Regulators

6

• (1) For sections 1 to 18 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (in this Act referred to as “FSMA 2000”) substitute—

(1A) (1) The body corporate previously known as the Financial Services Authority is renamed as the Financial Conduct Authority. (2) The Financial Conduct Authority is in this Act referred to as “the FCA”. (3) The FCA is to have the functions conferred on it by or under this Act. (4) The FCA must comply with the requirements as to its constitution set out in Schedule 1ZA. (5) Schedule 1ZA also makes provision about the status of the FCA and the exercise of certain of its functions. (6) References in this Act or any other enactment to functions conferred on the FCA by or under this Act include references to functions conferred on the FCA by or under— (a) the Insolvency Act 1986, (b) the Banking Act 2009, (c) the Financial Services Act 2012, or (d) a qualifying EU provision that is specified, or of a description specified, for the purposes of this subsection by the Treasury by order. (1B) (1) In discharging its general functions the FCA must, so far as is reasonably possible, act in a way which— (a) is compatible with its strategic objective, and (b) advances one or more of its operational objectives. (2) The FCA's strategic objective is: ensuring that the relevant markets (see section 1F) function well. (3) The FCA's operational objectives are— (a) the consumer protection objective (see section 1C); (b) the integrity objective (see section 1D); (c) the competition objective (see section 1E). (4) The FCA must, so far as is compatible with acting in a way which advances the consumer protection objective or the integrity objective, discharge its general functions in a way which promotes effective competition in the interests of consumers. (5) In discharging its general functions the FCA must have regard to— (a) the regulatory principles in section 3B, and (b) the importance of taking action intended to minimise the extent to which it is possible for a business carried on— (i) by an authorised person or a recognised investment exchange, or (ii) in contravention of the general prohibition, to be used for a purpose connected with financial crime. (6) For the purposes of this Chapter, the FCA's general functions are— (a) its function of making rules under this Act (considered as a whole), (b) its function of preparing and issuing codes under this Act (considered as a whole), (c) its functions in relation to the giving of general guidance under this Act (considered as a whole), and (d) its function of determining the general policy and principles by reference to which it performs particular functions under this Act. (7) Except to the extent that an order under section 50 of the Financial Services Act 2012 (orders relating to mutual societies functions) so provides, the FCA's general functions do not include functions that are transferred functions within the meaning of section 52 of that Act. (8) “General guidance” has the meaning given in section 139B(5). (1C) (1) The consumer protection objective is: securing an appropriate degree of protection for consumers. (2) In considering what degree of protection for consumers may be appropriate, the FCA must have regard to— (a) the differing degrees of risk involved in different kinds of investment or other transaction; (b) the differing degrees of experience and expertise that different consumers may have; (c) the needs that consumers may have for the timely provision of information and advice that is accurate and fit for purpose; (d) the general principle that consumers should take responsibility for their decisions; (e) the general principle that those providing regulated financial services should be expected to provide consumers with a level of care that is appropriate having regard to the degree of risk involved in relation to the investment or other transaction and the capabilities of the consumers in question; (f) the differing expectations that consumers may have in relation to different kinds of investment or other transaction; (g) any information which the consumer financial education body has provided to the FCA in the exercise of the consumer financial education function; (h) any information which the scheme operator of the ombudsman scheme has provided to the FCA pursuant to section 232A. (1D) (1) The integrity objective is: protecting and enhancing the integrity of the UK financial system. (2) The “integrity” of the UK financial system includes— (a) its soundness, stability and resilience, (b) its not being used for a purpose connected with financial crime, (c) its not being affected by behaviour that amounts to market abuse, (d) the orderly operation of the financial markets, and (e) the transparency of the price formation process in those markets. (1E) (1) The competition objective is: promoting effective competition in the interests of consumers in the markets for— (a) regulated financial services, or (b) services provided by a recognised investment exchange in carrying on regulated activities in respect of which it is by virtue of section 285(2) exempt from the general prohibition. (2) The matters to which the FCA may have regard in considering the effectiveness of competition in the market for any services mentioned in subsection (1) include— (a) the needs of different consumers who use or may use those services, including their need for information that enables them to make informed choices, (b) the ease with which consumers who may wish to use those services, including consumers in areas affected by social or economic deprivation, can access them, (c) the ease with which consumers who obtain those services can change the person from whom they obtain them, (d) the ease with which new entrants can enter the market, and (e) how far competition is encouraging innovation. (1F) In section 1B(2) “the relevant markets” means— (a) the financial markets, (b) the markets for regulated financial services (see section 1H(2)), and (c) the markets for services that are provided by persons other than authorised persons in carrying on regulated activities but are provided without contravening the general prohibition. (1G) (1) In sections 1B to 1E “consumers” means persons who— (a) use, have used or may use— (i) regulated financial services, or (ii) services that are provided by persons other than authorised persons but are provided in carrying on regulated activities, (b) have relevant rights or interests in relation to any of those services, (c) have invested, or may invest, in financial instruments, or (d) have relevant rights or interests in relation to financial instruments. (2) A person (“P”) has a “relevant right or interest” in relation to any services within subsection (1)(a) if P has a right or interest— (a) which is derived from, or is otherwise attributable to, the use of the services by others, or (b) which may be adversely affected by the use of the services by persons acting on P's behalf or in a fiduciary capacity in relation to P. (3) If a person is providing a service within subsection (1)(a) as trustee, the persons who are, have been or may be beneficiaries of the trust are to be treated as persons who use, have used or may use the service. (4) A person who deals with another person (“B”) in the course of B providing a service within subsection (1)(a) is to be treated as using the service. (5) A person (“P”) has a “relevant right or interest” in relation to any financial instrument if P has— (a) a right or interest which is derived from, or is otherwise attributable to, investment in the instrument by others, or (b) a right or interest which may be adversely affected by the investment in the instrument by persons acting on P's behalf or in a fiduciary capacity in relation to P. (1H) (1) The following provisions have effect for the interpretation of sections 1B to 1G. (2) “Regulated financial services” means services provided— (a) by authorised persons in carrying on regulated activities; (b) by authorised persons in carrying on a consumer credit business in connection with the accepting of deposits; (c) by authorised persons in communicating, or approving the communication by others of, invitations to engage in investment activity; (d) by authorised persons who are investment firms, or credit institutions, in providing relevant ancillary services; (e) by persons acting as appointed representatives; (f) by payment service providers in providing payment services; (g) by electronic money issuers in issuing electronic money; (h) by sponsors to issuers of securities; (i) by primary information providers to persons who issue financial instruments. (3) “Financial crime” includes any offence involving— (a) fraud or dishonesty, (b) misconduct in, or misuse of information relating to, a financial market, (c) handling the proceeds of crime, or (d) the financing of terrorism. (4) “Offence” includes an act or omission which would be an offence if it had taken place in the United Kingdom. (5) “Issuer”, except in the expression “electronic money issuer”, has the meaning given in section 102A(6). (6) “Financial instrument” has the meaning given in section 102A(4). (7) “Securities” has the meaning given in section 102A(2). (8) In this section— - “accepting”, in relation to deposits, includes agreeing to accept; - “consumer credit business” has the same meaning as in the Consumer Credit Act 1974; - “credit institution” means— 1. a credit institution authorised under the banking consolidation directive, or 2. an institution which would satisfy the requirements for authorisation as a credit institution under that directive if it had its registered office (or if it does not have a registered office, its head office) in an EEA State; - “electronic money” has the same meaning as in the Electronic Money Regulations 2011; - “electronic money issuer” means a person who is an electronic money issuer as defined in regulation 2(1) of the Electronic Money Regulations 2011 other than a person falling within paragraph (f), (g) or (j) of the definition; - “engage in investment activity” has the meaning given in section 21; - “financial instrument” has the meaning given in section 102A(4); - “payment services” has the same meaning as in the Payment Services Regulations 2009; - “payment service provider” means a person who is a payment service provider as defined in regulation 2(1) of the Payment Services Regulations 2009 other than a person falling within paragraph (g) or (h) of the definition; - “primary information provider” has the meaning given in section 89P(2); - “relevant ancillary service” means any service of a kind mentioned in Section B of Annex I to the markets in financial instruments directive the provision of which does not involve the carrying on of a regulated activity; - “sponsor” has the meaning given in section 88(2). (1I) In this Act “the UK financial system” means the financial system operating in the United Kingdom and includes— (a) financial markets and exchanges, (b) regulated activities, and (c) other activities connected with financial markets and exchanges. (1J) The Treasury may by order amend any of the following provisions— (a) in section 1E(1), paragraphs (a) and (b), (b) section 1G, and (c) section 1H(2) and (5) to (8). (1K) (1) The general guidance given by the FCA under section 139A must include guidance about how it intends to advance its operational objectives in discharging its general functions in relation to different categories of authorised person or regulated activity. (2) Before giving or altering any guidance complying with subsection (1), the FCA must consult the PRA. (1L) (1) The FCA must maintain arrangements for supervising authorised persons. (2) The FCA must maintain arrangements designed to enable it to determine whether persons other than authorised persons are complying— (a) with requirements imposed on them by or under this Act, in cases where the FCA is the appropriate regulator for the purposes of Part 14 (disciplinary measures), or (b) with requirements imposed on them by any qualifying EU provision that is specified, or of a description specified, for the purposes of this subsection by the Treasury by order. (3) The FCA must also maintain arrangements for enforcing compliance by persons other than authorised persons with relevant requirements, within the meaning of Part 14, in cases where the FCA is the appropriate regulator for the purposes of any provision of that Part. (1M) The FCA must make and maintain effective arrangements for consulting practitioners and consumers on the extent to which its general policies and practices are consistent with its general duties under section 1B. (1N) (1) Arrangements under section 1M must include the establishment and maintenance of a panel of persons (to be known as “the FCA Practitioner Panel”) to represent the interests of practitioners. (2) The FCA must appoint one of the members of the FCA Practitioner Panel to be its chair. (3) The Treasury's approval is required for the appointment or dismissal of the chair. (4) The FCA must appoint to the FCA Practitioner Panel such— (a) persons representing authorised persons, and (b) persons representing recognised investment exchanges, as it considers appropriate. (5) The FCA may appoint to the FCA Practitioner Panel such other persons as it considers appropriate. (1O) (1) Arrangements under section 1M must include the establishment and maintenance of a panel of persons (to be known as “the Smaller Business Practitioner Panel”) to represent the interests of eligible practitioners. (2) “Eligible practitioners” means authorised persons of a description specified in a statement maintained by the FCA. (3) The FCA must appoint one of the members of the Smaller Business Practitioner Panel to be its chair. (4) The Treasury's approval is required for the appointment or dismissal of the chair. (5) The FCA must appoint to the Smaller Business Practitioner Panel such— (a) individuals who are eligible practitioners, and (b) persons representing eligible practitioners, as it considers appropriate. (6) The FCA may appoint to the Smaller Business Practitioner Panel such other persons as it considers appropriate. (7) In making the appointments, the FCA must have regard to the desirability of ensuring the representation of eligible practitioners carrying on a range of regulated activities. (8) The FCA may revise the statement maintained under subsection (2). (9) The FCA must— (a) give the Treasury a copy of the statement or revised statement without delay, and (b) publish the statement as for the time being in force in such manner as it thinks fit. (1P) (1) Arrangements under section 1M must include the establishment and maintenance of a panel of persons (to be known as “the Markets Practitioner Panel”) to represent the interests of practitioners who are likely to be affected by the exercise by the FCA of its functions relating to markets, including its functions under Parts 6, 8A and 18. (2) The FCA must appoint one of the members of the Markets Practitioner Panel to be its chair. (3) The Treasury's approval is required for the appointment or dismissal of the chair. (4) The FCA must appoint to the Markets Practitioner Panel such persons to represent the interests of persons within subsection (5) as it considers appropriate. (5) The persons within this subsection are— (a) authorised persons, (b) persons who issue financial instruments, (c) sponsors, as defined in section 88(2), (d) recognised investment exchanges, and (e) primary information providers, as defined in section 89P(2). (6) The FCA may appoint to the Markets Practitioner Panel such other persons as it considers appropriate. (1Q) (1) Arrangements under section 1M must include the establishment and maintenance of a panel of persons (to be known as “the Consumer Panel”) to represent the interests of consumers. (2) The FCA must appoint one of the members of the Consumer Panel to be its chair. (3) The Treasury's approval is required for the appointment or dismissal of the chair. (4) The FCA may appoint to the Consumer Panel such consumers, or persons representing the interests of consumers, as it considers appropriate. (5) The FCA must secure that membership of the Consumer Panel is such as to give a fair degree of representation to those who are using, or are or may be contemplating using, services otherwise than in connection with businesses carried on by them. (6) Sections 425A and 425B (meaning of “consumers”) apply for the purposes of this section, but the references to consumers in this section do not include consumers who are authorised persons. (1R) (1) The FCA must consider representations that are made to it in accordance with arrangements made under section 1M. (2) The FCA must from time to time publish in such manner as it thinks fit responses to the representations. (1S) (1) The Treasury may appoint an independent person to conduct a review of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness with which the FCA has used its resources in discharging its functions. (2) A review may be limited by the Treasury to such functions of the FCA (however described) as the Treasury may specify in appointing the person to conduct it. (3) A review is not to be concerned with the merits of the FCA's general policy or principles in complying with its general duties under section 1B(1) and (4). (4) On completion of a review, the person conducting it must make a written report to the Treasury— (a) setting out the result of the review, and (b) making such recommendations (if any) as the person considers appropriate. (5) A copy of the report must be— (a) laid before Parliament, and (b) published in such manner as the Treasury consider appropriate. (6) Any expenses reasonably incurred in the conduct of the review are to be met by the Treasury out of money provided by Parliament. (7) “Independent” means appearing to the Treasury to be independent of the FCA. (1T) (1) A person conducting a review under section 1S— (a) has a right of access at any reasonable time to all such documents as the person may reasonably require for the purposes of the review, and (b) may require any person holding or accountable for any such document to provide such information and explanation as are reasonably necessary for that purpose. (2) Subsection (1) applies only to documents in the custody of or under the control of the FCA. (3) An obligation imposed on a person as a result of the exercise of the powers conferred by subsection (1) is enforceable by injunction or, in Scotland, by an order for specific performance under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988. (2A) (1) The body corporate originally incorporated as the Prudential Regulation Authority Limited is renamed as the Prudential Regulation Authority. (2) The Prudential Regulation Authority is in this Act referred to as “the PRA”. (3) The PRA is to have the functions conferred on it by or under this Act. (4) The PRA must comply with the requirements as to its constitution set out in Schedule 1ZB. (5) Schedule 1ZB also confers on the Bank of England functions in relation to the PRA and makes provision about the status of the PRA and the exercise of certain of its functions. (6) References in this Act or any other enactment to functions conferred on the PRA by or under this Act include references to functions conferred on the PRA by or under— (a) the Insolvency Act 1986, (b) the Banking Act 2009, (c) the Financial Services Act 2012, or (d) a qualifying EU provision that is specified, or of a description specified, for the purposes of this subsection by the Treasury by order. (2B) (1) In discharging its general functions the PRA must, so far as is reasonably possible, act in a way which advances its general objective. (2) The PRA's general objective is: promoting the safety and soundness of PRA-authorised persons. (3) That objective is to be advanced primarily by— (a) seeking to ensure that the business of PRA-authorised persons is carried on in a way which avoids any adverse effect on the stability of the UK financial system, and (b) seeking to minimise the adverse effect that the failure of a PRA-authorised person could be expected to have on the stability of the UK financial system. (4) The adverse effects mentioned in subsection (3) may, in particular, result from the disruption of the continuity of financial services. (5) In this Act “PRA-authorised person” means an authorised person who has permission— (a) given under Part 4A, or (b) resulting from any other provision of this Act, to carry on regulated activities that consist of or include one or more PRA-regulated activities (see section 22A). (6) Subsection (1) is subject to sections 2C and 2D. (2C) (1) In discharging its general functions so far as relating to a PRA-regulated activity relating to the effecting or carrying out of contracts of insurance or PRA-authorised persons carrying on that activity, the PRA must, so far as is reasonably possible, act in a way— (a) which is compatible with its general objective and its insurance objective, and (b) which the PRA considers most appropriate for the purpose of advancing those objectives. (2) The PRA's insurance objective is: contributing to the securing of an appropriate degree of protection for those who are or may become policyholders. (3) This section applies only if the effecting or carrying out of contracts of insurance as principal is to any extent a PRA-regulated activity. (2D) (1) Subsection (2) applies to an order under section 22A which— (a) is made at any time after the coming into force of the first order under that section, and (b) contains a statement by the Treasury that, in their opinion, the effect (or one of the effects) of the proposed order is that an activity would become a PRA-regulated activity. (2) An order to which this subsection applies may specify an additional objective (“the specified objective”) in relation to specified activities that become PRA-regulated activities by virtue of the order (“the additional activities”). (3) In discharging its general functions so far as relating to the additional activities or PRA-authorised persons carrying on those activities, the PRA must, so far as is reasonably possible, act in a way— (a) which is compatible with its general objective and the specified objective, and (b) which the PRA considers most appropriate for the purpose of advancing those objectives. (2E) (1) The PRA must— (a) determine its strategy in relation to its objectives, and (b) from time to time review, and if necessary revise, the strategy. (2) Before determining or revising its strategy, the PRA must consult the court of directors of the Bank of England about a draft of the strategy or of the revisions. (3) The PRA must determine its strategy within 12 months of the coming into force of this section. (4) The PRA must carry out and complete a review of its strategy before the end of each relevant period. (5) The relevant period is 12 months beginning with the date on which the previous review was completed, except that in the case of the first review the relevant period is the period of 12 months beginning with the date on which the strategy was determined under subsection (3). (6) The PRA must publish its strategy. (7) If the strategy is revised the PRA must publish the revised strategy. (8) Publication under subsection (6) or (7) is to be in such manner as the PRA thinks fit. (2F) In this Act, a reference, in relation to any function of the PRA, to the objectives of the PRA is a reference to its general objective but— (a) so far as the function is exercisable in relation to the activity of effecting or carrying out contracts of insurance, or PRA-authorised persons carrying on that activity, is a reference to its general objective and its insurance objective; (b) so far as the function is exercisable in relation to an activity to which an objective specified by order by virtue of section 2D(2) relates, or PRA-authorised persons carrying on that activity, is a reference to its general objective and the objective specified by the order. (2G) Nothing in sections 2B to 2D is to be regarded as requiring the PRA to ensure that no PRA-authorised person fails. (2H) (1) In discharging its general functions, the PRA must also have regard to— (a) the regulatory principles in section 3B, and (b) the need to minimise any adverse effect on competition in the relevant markets that may result from the manner in which the PRA discharges those functions. (2) In subsection (1)(b) “the relevant markets” means the markets for services provided by PRA-authorised persons in carrying on regulated activities. (2I) (1) The PRA must give, and from time to time review, guidance about how it intends to advance its objectives in discharging its general functions in relation to different categories of PRA-authorised person or PRA-regulated activity. (2) Before giving or altering any guidance complying with subsection (1), the PRA must consult the FCA. (3) The PRA must publish the guidance as for the time being in force. (2J) (1) For the purposes of this Chapter, the PRA's general functions are— (a) its function of making rules under this Act (considered as a whole), (b) its function of preparing and issuing codes under this Act (considered as a whole), and (c) its function of determining the general policy and principles by reference to which it performs particular functions under this Act. (2) Except to the extent that an order under section 50 of the Financial Services Act 2012 (orders relating to mutual societies functions) so provides, the PRA's general functions do not include functions that are transferred functions within the meaning of section 52 of that Act. (3) For the purposes of this Chapter, the cases in which a PRA-authorised person (“P”) is to be regarded as failing include those where— (a) P enters insolvency, (b) any of the stabilisation options in Part 1 of the Banking Act 2009 is achieved in relation to P, or (c) P falls to be taken for the purposes of the compensation scheme to be unable, or likely to be unable, to satisfy claims against P. (4) In subsection (3)(a) “insolvency” includes— (a) bankruptcy, (b) liquidation, (c) bank insolvency, (d) administration, (e) bank administration, (f) receivership, (g) a composition between P and P's creditors, and (h) a scheme of arrangement of P's affairs. (2K) The PRA must maintain arrangements for supervising PRA-authorised persons. (2L) The PRA must make and maintain effective arrangements for consulting PRA-authorised persons or, where appropriate, persons appearing to the PRA to represent the interests of such persons on the extent to which its general policies and practices are consistent with its general duties under sections 2B to 2H. (2M) (1) Arrangements under section 2L must include the establishment and maintenance of a panel of persons (to be known as “the PRA Practitioner Panel”) to represent the interests of practitioners. (2) The PRA must appoint one of the members of the PRA Practitioner Panel to be its chair. (3) The Treasury's approval is required for the appointment or dismissal of the chair. (4) The PRA must appoint to the PRA Practitioner Panel such persons representing PRA-authorised persons as it considers appropriate. (5) The PRA may appoint to the PRA Practitioner Panel such other persons as it considers appropriate. (2N) (1) The PRA must consider representations that are made to it in accordance with arrangements made under section 2L. (2) The PRA must from time to time publish in such manner as it thinks fit responses to the representations. (2O) (1) The Treasury may appoint an independent person to conduct a review of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness with which the PRA has used its resources in discharging its functions. (2) A review may be limited by the Treasury to such functions of the PRA (however described) as the Treasury may specify in appointing the person to conduct it. (3) A review is not to be concerned with the merits of the PRA's general policy or principles in pursuing the PRA's objectives. (4) On completion of a review, the person conducting it must make a written report to the Treasury— (a) setting out the result of the review, and (b) making such recommendations (if any) as the person considers appropriate. (5) A copy of the report must be— (a) laid before Parliament, and (b) published in such manner as the Treasury consider appropriate. (6) Any expenses reasonably incurred in the conduct of the review are to be met by the Treasury out of money provided by Parliament. (7) “Independent” means appearing to the Treasury to be independent of the PRA. (2P) (1) A person conducting a review under section 2O— (a) has a right of access at any reasonable time to all such documents as the person may reasonably require for the purposes of the review, and (b) may require any person holding or accountable for any such document to provide such information and explanation as are reasonably necessary for that purpose. (2) Subsection (1) applies only to documents in the custody of or under the control of the PRA. (3) An obligation imposed on a person as a result of the exercise of the powers conferred by subsection (1) is enforceable by injunction or, in Scotland, by an order for specific performance under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988. (3A) (1) This section has effect for the interpretation of this Act. (2) The FCA and the PRA are the “regulators”, and references to a regulator are to be read accordingly. (3) Subsection (2) does not affect— (a) the meaning of the following expressions— - “home state regulator”; - “host state regulator”; - “overseas regulator”; or (b) the meaning of “the appropriate regulator” in Part 18 (recognised investment exchanges and clearing houses). (3B) (1) In relation to the regulators, the regulatory principles referred to in section 1B(5)(a) and 2H(1)(a) are as follows— (a) the need to use the resources of each regulator in the most efficient and economic way; (b) the principle that a burden or restriction which is imposed on a person, or on the carrying on of an activity, should be proportionate to the benefits, considered in general terms, which are expected to result from the imposition of that burden or restriction; (c) the desirability of sustainable growth in the economy of the United Kingdom in the medium or long term; (d) the general principle that consumers should take responsibility for their decisions; (e) the responsibilities of the senior management of persons subject to requirements imposed by or under this Act, including those affecting consumers, in relation to compliance with those requirements; (f) the desirability where appropriate of each regulator exercising its functions in a way that recognises differences in the nature of, and objectives of, businesses carried on by different persons subject to requirements imposed by or under this Act; (g) the desirability in appropriate cases of each regulator publishing information relating to persons on whom requirements are imposed by or under this Act, or requiring such persons to publish information, as a means of contributing to the advancement by each regulator of its objectives; (h) the principle that the regulators should exercise their functions as transparently as possible. (2) “Consumer” has the meaning given in section 1G. (3) “Objectives”, in relation to the FCA, means operational objectives. (4) The Treasury may by order amend subsection (2). (3C) In managing its affairs, each regulator must have regard to such generally accepted principles of good corporate governance as it is reasonable to regard as applicable to it. (3D) (1) The regulators must co-ordinate the exercise of their respective functions conferred by or under this Act with a view to ensuring— (a) that each regulator consults the other regulator (where not otherwise required to do so) in connection with any proposed exercise of a function in a way that may have a material adverse effect on the advancement by the other regulator of any of its objectives; (b) that where appropriate each regulator obtains information and advice from the other regulator in connection with the exercise of its functions in relation to matters of common regulatory interest in cases where the other regulator may be expected to have relevant information or relevant expertise; (c) that where either regulator exercises functions in relation to matters of common regulatory interest, both regulators comply with their respective duties under section 1B(5)(a) or 2H(1)(a), so far as relating to the regulatory principles in section 3B(1)(a) and (b). (2) The duty in subsection (1) applies only to the extent that compliance with the duty— (a) is compatible with the advancement by each regulator of any of its objectives, and (b) does not impose a burden on the regulators that is disproportionate to the benefits of compliance. (3) A function conferred on either regulator by or under this Act relates to matters of common regulatory interest if— (a) the other regulator exercises similar or related functions in relation to the same persons, (b) the other regulator exercises functions which relate to different persons but relate to similar subject-matter, or (c) its exercise could affect the advancement by the other regulator of any of its objectives. (4) “Objectives”, in relation to the FCA, means operational objectives. (3E) (1) The regulators must prepare and maintain a memorandum which describes in general terms— (a) the role of each regulator in relation to the exercise of functions conferred by or under this Act which relate to matters of common regulatory interest, and (b) how the regulators intend to comply with section 3D in relation to the exercise of such functions. (2) The memorandum may in particular contain provisions about how the regulators intend to comply with section 3D in relation to— (a) applications for Part 4A permission; (b) the variation of permission; (c) the imposition of requirements; (d) the obtaining and disclosure of information; (e) cases where a PRA-authorised person is a member of a group whose other members include one or more other authorised persons (whether or not PRA-authorised persons); (f) functions under Schedule 3 (EEA passport rights) and Schedule 4 (Treaty rights); (g) the making of rules; (h) directions under section 138A (modification or waiver of rules); (i) powers to appoint competent persons under Part 11 (information gathering and investigations) to conduct investigations on their behalf; (j) functions under Part 12 (control over authorised persons); (k) functions under Part 13 (incoming firms: intervention by regulator); (l) functions under Part 19 (Lloyd's); (m) functions under section 347 (record of authorised persons etc.); (n) functions under Part 24 (insolvency); (o) fees payable to either regulator. (3) The memorandum must contain provision about the co-ordination by the regulators of— (a) the exercise of their functions relating to membership of, and their relations with, the European Supervisory Authorities (namely, the European Banking Authority, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority), (b) their relations with regulatory bodies outside the United Kingdom, and (c) the exercise of their functions in relation to the compensation scheme. (4) The regulators must review the memorandum at least once in each calendar year. (5) The regulators must give the Treasury a copy of the memorandum and any revised memorandum. (6) The Treasury must lay before Parliament a copy of any document received by them under this section. (7) The regulators must ensure that the memorandum as currently in force is published in the way appearing to them to be best calculated to bring it to the attention of the public. (8) The memorandum need not relate to any aspect of compliance with section 3D if the regulators consider— (a) that publication of information about that aspect would be against the public interest, or (b) that that aspect is a technical or operational matter not affecting the public. (9) The reference in subsection (1)(a) to matters of common regulatory interest is to be read in accordance with section 3D(3). (3F) (1) The regulators must prepare and maintain a memorandum which describes in general terms— (a) the role of each regulator in relation to the exercise of functions conferred by or under this Act so far as they relate to with-profits insurers, and (b) how the regulators intend to comply with section 3D in relation to the exercise of those functions so far as they relate to the effecting or carrying out of with-profits policies by with-profits insurers. (2) The memorandum required by this section may be combined with the memorandum required by section 3E. (3) If the memorandum required by this section is contained in a separate document, the PRA and the FCA must publish the memorandum as currently in force in such manner as they think fit. (4) Subsections (1) to (3) apply only if the effecting or carrying out of with-profits policies is a PRA-regulated activity. (5) For the purposes of this section— (a) a “with-profits policy” is a contract of insurance under which the policyholder is eligible to receive a financial benefit at the discretion of the insurer; (b) a “with-profits insurer” is a PRA-authorised person who has a Part 4A permission, or permission resulting from any other provision of this Act, relating to the effecting or carrying out of with-profits policies (whether or not the permission also relates to contracts of insurance of other kinds). (6) The Treasury may by order amend the definition of “with-profits policy” applying for the purposes of this section. (3G) (1) The Treasury may by order specify matters that, in relation to the exercise by either regulator of its functions relating to PRA-authorised persons, are to be, or are to be primarily, the responsibility of one regulator rather than the other. (2) The order may— (a) provide that one regulator is or is not to have regard to specified matters when exercising specified functions; (b) require one regulator to consult the other. (3H) (1) No order may be made under section 3G unless— (a) a draft of the order has been laid before Parliament and approved by a resolution of each House, or (b) subsection (3) applies. (2) Subsection (3) applies if an order under section 3G contains a statement that the Treasury are of the opinion that, by reason of urgency, it is necessary to make the order without a draft being so laid and approved. (3) Where this subsection applies the order— (a) must be laid before Parliament after being made, and (b) ceases to have effect at the end of the relevant period unless before the end of that period the order is approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament (but without that affecting anything done under the order or the power to make a new order). (4) The “relevant period” is a period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the order is made. (5) In calculating the relevant period no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than 4 days. (3I) (1) Where the first, second and third conditions are met, the PRA may give a direction under this section to the FCA. (2) The first condition is that the FCA is proposing— (a) to exercise any of its regulatory powers in relation to PRA-authorised persons generally, a class of PRA-authorised persons or a particular PRA-authorised person, or (b) to exercise any of its insolvency powers in relation to— (i) a PRA-authorised person, (ii) an appointed representative whose principal, or one of whose principals, is a PRA-authorised person, or (iii) a person who is carrying on a PRA-regulated activity in contravention of the general prohibition. (3) In subsection (2)— (a) “regulatory powers”, in relation to the FCA, means its powers in relation to the regulation of authorised persons, other than its powers in relation to consent for the purposes of section 55F or 55I or its powers under Part 24; (b) “insolvency powers”, in relation to the FCA, means its powers under Part 24. (4) The second condition is that the PRA is of the opinion that the exercise of the power in the manner proposed may— (a) threaten the stability of the UK financial system, or (b) result in the failure of a PRA-authorised person in a way that would adversely affect the UK financial system. (5) The third condition is that the PRA is of the opinion that the giving of the direction is necessary in order to avoid the possible consequence falling within subsection (4). (6) A direction under this section is a direction requiring the FCA not to exercise the power or not to exercise it in a specified manner. (7) The direction may be expressed to have effect during a specified period or until revoked. (8) The FCA is not required to comply with a direction under this section if or to the extent that in the opinion of the FCA compliance would be incompatible with any EU obligation or any other international obligation of the United Kingdom. (9) The reference in subsection (4)(b) to the “failure” of a PRA-authorised person is to be read in accordance with section 2J(3) and (4). (3J) (1) Where the first, second and third conditions are met, the PRA may give a direction under this section to the FCA. (2) The first condition is that the FCA is proposing to exercise any of its regulatory powers in relation to with-profits insurers, a class of with-profits insurers or a particular with-profits insurer. (3) In subsection (2) “regulatory powers”, in relation to the FCA, means its powers in relation to the regulation of authorised persons, including its powers under Part 24 (insolvency) but not its powers in relation to consent for the purposes of section 55F or 55I. (4) The second condition is that the proposed exercise of the power relates to the provision of financial benefits under with-profits policies at the discretion of the insurer, or affects or may affect the amount, timing or distribution of financial benefits that are so provided or the entitlement to future benefits that are so provided. (5) The third condition is that the PRA is of the opinion that the giving of the direction is desirable in order to advance the PRA's general objective or its insurance objective. (6) A direction under this section is a direction requiring the FCA not to exercise the power or not to exercise it in a specified manner. (7) The direction may be expressed to have effect during a specified period or until revoked. (8) The FCA is not required to comply with a direction under this section if or to the extent that in the opinion of the FCA compliance would be incompatible with any EU obligation or any other international obligation of the United Kingdom. (9) Subsections (1) to (8) apply only if the effecting or carrying out of with-profits policies is a PRA-regulated activity. (10) In this section “with-profits insurer” and “with-profits policy” have the same meaning as they have for the purposes of section 3F. (3K) (1) The PRA may at any time by notice to the FCA revoke a direction under section 3I or 3J. (2) The revocation of a direction under section 3I or 3J does not affect the validity of anything previously done in accordance with it. (3L) (1) Before giving a direction under section 3I or 3J, the PRA must consult the FCA. (2) A direction under section 3I or 3J must be given or confirmed in writing, and must be accompanied by a statement of the reasons for giving it. (3) A notice revoking a direction under section 3I or 3J must be given or confirmed in writing. (4) The PRA must— (a) publish the direction and statement, or the notice, in such manner as it thinks fit, and (b) where the direction or notice relates to a particular authorised person or a particular with-profits insurer, give a copy of the direction and statement, or the notice, to that person. (5) The PRA must give the Treasury a copy of— (a) a direction under section 3I; (b) a statement relating to such a direction; (c) a notice revoking such a direction. (6) The Treasury must lay before Parliament any document received by them under subsection (5). (7) Subsection (4) does not apply where the PRA, after consulting the Treasury, decides that compliance with that subsection would be against the public interest, and at any time when this subsection excludes the application of subsection (4) in relation to a direction under section 3I, subsection (6) also does not apply. (8) Where the PRA decides that compliance with subsection (4) would be against the public interest, it must from time to time review that decision and if it subsequently decides that compliance is no longer against the public interest it must— (a) comply with that subsection, and (b) in the case of a direction under section 3I, notify the Treasury for the purposes of subsection (6). (3M) (1) This section applies where one of the regulators (“the supervising regulator”), but not the other, is the competent authority for the purpose of consolidated supervision that is required in relation to some or all of the members of a group (“the relevant group”) in pursuance of any of the relevant directives. (2) “Consolidated supervision” includes supplementary supervision. (3) The “relevant directives” are— (a) the banking consolidation directive; (b) Directive 2002/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the supplementary supervision of credit institutions, insurance undertakings and investment firms in a financial conglomerate; (c) Directive 2006/49/EC on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions; (d) Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II). (4) The supervising regulator may, if it considers it necessary to do so for the effective consolidated supervision of the relevant group, give the other regulator a direction under this section. (5) A direction under this section is a direction requiring the other regulator to exercise, or not to exercise, a relevant function in a specified manner in relation to authorised persons who are members of the relevant group. (6) The direction may relate to members of the relevant group other than the members in respect of which consolidated supervision is required. (7) A “relevant function”, in relation to either regulator, is a function conferred by or under this Act which relates to the regulation of authorised persons, but does not include— (a) the regulator's function of making rules under this Act; (b) its function of preparing and issuing codes under this Act; (c) its function of determining the general policy and principles by reference to which it performs particular functions; (d) the FCA's functions in relation to the giving of general guidance; (e) the PRA's functions in relation to the giving of guidance under section 2I; (f) the FCA's functions in relation to consent for the purposes of section 55F or 55I. (8) The direction may not require the regulator to which it is given (“the directed regulator”) to do anything that it has no power to do, but the direction is relevant to the exercise of any discretion conferred on the directed regulator. (9) The directed regulator must comply with the direction as soon as practicable, but this is subject to subsections (10) and (11). (10) The directed regulator is not required to comply with a direction under this section if or to the extent that in its opinion compliance would be incompatible with any EU obligation or any other international obligation of the United Kingdom. (11) Directions given by the FCA under this section are subject to any directions given to the FCA under section 3I or 3J. (3N) (1) The supervising regulator may at any time by notice to the other regulator revoke a direction under section 3M. (2) The revocation of the direction does not affect the validity of anything previously done in accordance with it. (3) Expressions defined for the purposes of section 3M have the same meaning in this section. (3O) (1) Before giving a direction under section 3M, the supervising regulator must consult the other regulator. (2) A direction under section 3M must be given or confirmed in writing, and must be accompanied by a statement of the reasons for giving it. (3) A notice revoking a direction under section 3M must be given or confirmed in writing. (4) The regulator to which a direction under section 3M is given must give a copy of the direction and statement to each of the authorised persons to whom the direction relates. (5) The supervising regulator must publish the direction and statement, or the notice, in such manner as it thinks fit. (6) But subsection (4) or (5) does not apply in a case where the regulator on which the duty is imposed considers that compliance with that subsection would be against the public interest. (7) In a case where a regulator decides that compliance with subsection (4) or (5) would be against the public interest, the regulator must from time to time review that decision and if it subsequently decides that compliance is no longer against the public interest it must comply with the subsection. (8) Expressions defined for the purposes of section 3M have the same meaning in this section. (3P) (1) If the directed regulator is required by this Act to consult any person other than the supervising regulator before exercising the relevant function to which the direction relates, the directed regulator must give the supervising regulator copies of any written representations received from the persons consulted. (2) Expressions defined for the purposes of section 3M have the same meaning in this section. (3Q) (1) Each regulator must take such steps as it considers appropriate to co-operate with the Bank of England in connection with— (a) the pursuit by the Bank of its Financial Stability Objective, and (b) the Bank's compliance with its duties under sections 58 and 59 of the Financial Services Act 2012 (duty to notify Treasury of possible need for public funds and of subsequent changes). (2) Co-operation under subsection (1) may include the sharing of information that the regulator is not prevented from disclosing. (3R) (1) The regulators may enter into arrangements with each other for the provision of services by one of them to the other. (2) Either regulator may enter into arrangements with the Bank of England for the provision of services— (a) by the Bank to the regulator, or (b) by the regulator to the Bank. (3) Either regulator may enter into arrangements with any of the bodies specified in subsection (4) for the provision of services by the regulator to that body. (4) Those bodies are— (a) the consumer financial education body (see section 3S(2)), (b) the scheme manager (see section 212(1)), and (c) the scheme operator (see section 225(2)). (5) The FCA may enter into arrangements with— (a) a local weights and measures authority in England, Wales or Scotland, or (b) the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment in Northern Ireland, for the provision by the authority or department to the FCA of services which relate to activities to which this subsection applies. (6) Subsection (5) applies to activities that are regulated activities by virtue of— (a) an order made under section 22(1) in relation to an investment of a kind falling within paragraph 23 or 23B of Schedule 2, or (b) an order made under section 22(1A)(a). (7) Arrangements under this section are to be on such terms as may be agreed by the parties. (3S) (1) The consumer financial education body continues to have the consumer financial education function. (2) The “consumer financial education body” means the body corporate originally established by the Financial Services Authority under section 6A of this Act (as it had effect before the passing of the Financial Services Act 2012). (3) The consumer financial education function is to enhance— (a) the understanding and knowledge of members of the public of financial matters (including the UK financial system), and (b) the ability of members of the public to manage their own financial affairs. (4) The consumer financial education function includes, in particular— (a) promoting awareness of the benefits of financial planning; (b) promoting awareness of the financial advantages and disadvantages in relation to particular decisions relating to different kinds of goods or services; (c) promoting awareness of the benefits and risks associated with different kinds of financial dealing (which includes informing the FCA and other bodies of those benefits and risks); (d) the publication of educational materials or the carrying out of other educational activities; (e) the provision of information and advice to members of the public; (f) assisting members of the public with the management of debt; (g) working with other organisations which provide debt services, with a view to improving— (i) the availability to the public of those services; (ii) the quality of the services provided; (iii) consistency in the services available, in the way in which they are provided and in the advice given. (5) In subsection (4) “debt services” means debt advice or assistance with the management of debt. (6) Schedule 1A makes further provision about the consumer financial education body.

• (2) For Schedule 1 to FSMA 2000 substitute the Schedules 1ZA and 1ZB set out in Schedule 3 to this Act.

Regulated activities

Extension of scope of regulation

7

• (1) In section 22 of FSMA 2000 (the classes of activity and categories of investment)—

• (a) after subsection (1) insert—

(1A) An activity is also a regulated activity for the purposes of this Act if it is an activity of a specified kind which is carried on by way of business and relates to— (a) information about a person's financial standing, or (b) the setting of a specified benchmark.

,

• (b) in subsection (3), after “(1)” insert “ or (1A) ”,

• (c) after subsection (5) insert—