The Air Navigation (Overseas Territories) Order 1989

• “Aerodrome” means any area of land or water designed, equipped, set apart or commonly used for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft and includes any area or space, whether on the ground, on the roof of a building or elsewhere, which is designed, equipped or set apart for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft capable of descending or climbing vertically, but shall not include any area the use of which for affording facilities for the landing an and departure of aircraft has been abandoned and has not been resumed;

• “Aerodrome flight information unit” means a person appointed by the Governor or by any other person maintaining an aerodrome to give information by means of radio signals to aircraft flying or intending to fly within the aerodrome traffic zone of that aerodrome and “aerodrome flight information service” shall be construed accordingly;

• “Aerodrome operating minima” in relation to the operation of an aircraft at an aerodrome means the cloud ceiling and runway visual range for take-off, and the decision height or minimum descent height, runway visual range and visual reference for landing, which are the minima for the operation of that aircraft at that aerodrome;

• “Aerodrome traffic zone” means the airspace:— which is in the vicinity of an aerodrome which is notified for the purposes of rule 35 of Schedule 13 to this Order; and which, in relation to such an aerodrome, at which the length of the longest runway is notified as 1850 metres or less, extends from the surface to a height of 2000 feet above the level of the aerodrome within the area bounded by a circle centred on the notified mid-point of the longest runway and having a radius of 2 nautical miles: Provided that where such an aerodrome traffic zone would extend less than 1 and a half nautical miles beyond the end of any runway at the aerodrome and this proviso is notified as being applicable, sub-paragraph (ii) hereof shall apply as though the length of the longest runway is notified as greater than 1850 metres; at which the length of the longest runway is notified as greater than 1850 metres, extends from the surface to a height of 2000 feet above the level of the aerodrome within the area bounded by a circle centred on the notified mid-point of the longest runway and having a radius of 2½ nautical miles; except any part of that airspace which is within the aerodrome traffic zone of another aerodrome which is notified for the purposes of this Order as being the controlling aerodrome;

• “Aeronautical beacon” means an aeronautical ground light which is visible either continuously or intermittently to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth;

• “Aeronautical ground light” means any light specifically provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft;

• “Aeronautical radio station” means a radio station on the surface, which transmits or receives signals for the purpose of assisting aircraft;

• “Air traffic control unit” means a person appointed by the Governor or by any other person maintaining an aerodrome or place to give instructions or advice or both instructions and advice by means of radio signals to aircraft in the interests of safety but does not include a person so appointed solely to give information to aircraft, and “Air traffic control service” shall be construed accordingly;

• “Air transport undertaking” means an undertaking whose business includes the carriage by air of passengers or cargo for hire or reward;

• “Approach to landing” means that portion of the flight of the aircraft, when approaching to land, in which it is descending below a height of 1,000 feet above the relevant specified decision height or minimum descent height;

• “Appropriate aeronautical radio station” means in relation to an aircraft an aeronautical radio station serving the area in which the aircraft is for the time being;

• “Appropriate air traffic control unit” means in relation to an aircraft the air traffic control unit serving the area in which the aircraft is for the time being;

• “Authorised person” means any person authorised by the Governor either generally or in relation to a particular case or class of cases, and references to a person authorised by the Governor include references to the holder for the time being of any office designated by the Governor;

• “Beneficial interest” has the same meaning as in section 57 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894[^f00016];

• “Cargo” includes mail and animals;

• “Certificate of airworthiness” includes any validation thereof and any flight manual, performance schedule or other document, whatever its title, incorporated by reference in that certificate relating to the certificate of airworthiness;

• “Certificate of maintenance review” and “certificate of release to service” have the meanings respectively assigned to them by Articles 9(1) and 11(1) of this Order;

• “The Civil Aviation Authority” refers to the body corporate constituted in accordance with the provisions of section 2 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982[^f00017];

• “Cloud ceiling” in relation to an aerodrome means the vertical distance from the elevation of the aerodrome to the lowest part of any cloud visible from the aerodrome which is sufficient to obscure more than one-half of the sky so visible;

• “Commander” in relation to an aircraft means the member of the flight crew designated as commander of that aircraft by the operator thereof, or, failing such a person, the person who is for the time being the pilot in command of the aircraft;

• “The Commonwealth” means the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, the countries mentioned in Schedule 3 to the British Nationality Act 1981[^f00018] and all other territories forming part of Her Majesty’s dominions or in which Her Majesty has jurisdiction;

• “Competent authority” means in relation to the Territory, the Governor, and in relation to any other country the authority responsible under the law of that country for promoting the safety of civil aviation;

• “Conditional sale agreement” means an agreement for the sale of goods under which the purchase price or part of it is payable by instalments, and the property in the goods is to remain the seller (notwithstanding that the buyer is to be in possession of the goods until such conditions as to the payment of instalments or otherwise as may be specified in the agreement are fulfilled;

• “Congested area” in relation to a city, town or settlement, means any area which is substantially used for residential, industrial, commercial or recreational purposes;

• “Contracting State” means any State (including the United Kingdom and any of the Territories) which is a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation signed on behalf of the Government of the United Kingdom at Chicago on the 7th December 1944;

• “Controlled airspace” means control areas and control zones;

• “Control area” means airspace which has been notified as such and which extends upwards from a notified altitude or flight level;

• “Control zone” means airspace which has been notified as such and which extends upwards from the surface;

• “Co-pilot” in relation to an aircraft means a pilot who in performing his duties as such is subject to the direction of another pilot carried in the aircraft;

• “Country” includes a territory except in sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (3) of this Article;

• “Crew” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (5) of this Article;

• “Danger Area” shall mean airspace which has been notified as such within which activities dangerous to the flight of aircraft may take place or exist at such times as may be notified;

• “Decision height” in relation to the operation of an aircraft at an aerodrome means the height in a precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue that approach has not been established;

• “Flight” and “to fly” have the meanings respectively assigned to them by paragraph (4) of this Article;

• “Flight crew” in relation to an aircraft means those members of the crew of the aircraft who respectively undertake to act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer and flight radio operator of the aircraft;

• “Flight level” means one of a series of levels of equal atmospheric pressure, separated by notified intervals and each expressed as the number of hundreds of feet which would be indicated at that level on a pressure altimeter calibrated in accordance with the International Standard Atmosphere and set to 1013.2 millibars;

• “Flight recording system” means a system comprising either a flight data recorder or a cockpit voice recorder or both;

• “Flight simulator” means apparatus by means of which flight conditions in an aircraft are simulated on the ground;

• “Flight visibility” means the visibility forward from the flight deck of an aircraft in flight;

• “Government aerodrome”, means any aerodrome in the Territory which is under the control of the Governor or is in the occupation of any Department of the Government of the Territory or of the Government of the United Kingdom, or of Her Majesty’s naval, military or air forces, or of any visiting force;

• “Governor” means the officer for the time being administering the Government of the Territory, and includes in relation to any purpose of this Order, other than the purposes of Article 98 thereof, any person who, or the holder for the time being of any office which, is designated for the time being for that purpose by the Governor with the approval of the Secretary of State; and the person so designated may be a Minister who, in accordance with the constitution of the Territory, is responsible for civil aviation, and the office so designated may be that of such a Minister;

• “hire-purchase agreement” has the same meaning as in section 189 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974[^f00019];

• “Instrument Flight Rules” means Instrument Flight Rules contained in the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control;

• “Instrument Meteorological Conditions” means weather precluding flight in compliance with the Visual Flight Rules;

• “International Headquarters” means an international headquarters designated by Order in Council under section 1 of the International Headquarters and Defence Organisations Act 1964[^f00020] as extended to the Territory;

• “To land” in relation to aircraft includes alighting on the water;

• “Legal personal representative” has the same meaning as in section 742 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894[^f00021];

• “Licence” includes any certificate of competency or certificate of validity issued with the licence or required to be held in connection with the licence by the law of the country in which the licence is granted;

• “Licence for public use” has the meaning assigned to it by Article 73(3) of this Order;

• “Licensed aerodrome” means an aerodrome licensed under this Order;

• “Lifejacket” includes any device designed to support a person individually in or on the water;

• “Log book” in the case of an aircraft log book, engine log book, variable pitch propeller log book or personal flying log book, includes a record kept either in a book, or by any other means approved by the Governor in the particular case;

• “Maximum total weight authorised” in relation to an aircraft means the maximum total weight of the aircraft and its contents at which the aircraft may take off anywhere in the world, in the most favourable circumstances in accordance with the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft;

• “Military aircraft” includes the naval, military or air force aircraft of any country and— any aircraft being constructed for the naval, military or air forces of any country under a contract entered into by the Secretary of State; and any aircraft in respect of which there is in force a certificate issued by the Secretary of State that the aircraft is to be treated for the purposes of this Order as a military aircraft;

• “Minimum descent height” in relation to the operation of an aircraft at an aerodrome means the height in a non-precision approach below which descent may not be made without the required visual reference;

• “Nautical mile” means the International Nautical Mile, that is to say, a distance of 1852 metres;

• “Night” means the time between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise, sunset and sunrise being determined at surface level;

• “Non-precision approach” means an instrument approach using non-visual aids for guidance in azimuth or elevation but which is not a precision approach;

• “Notified” means shown in any of the following publications for the time being in force and issued in the Territory whether before or after the coming into operation of this Order, that is to say, “Notams (Notices to Airmen)”, “Aeronautical Information Publications (AIP)”, or such other official publications so issued for the purpose of enabling any of the provisions of this Order to be complied with;

• “Operator” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (6) of this Article;

• “Parascending parachute” means a parachute which is towed by cable in such a manner as to cause it to ascend;

• “Pilot in command” in relation to an aircraft means a person who for the time being is in charge of the piloting of the aircraft without being under the direction of any other pilot in the aircraft;

• “Precision approach” means an instrument approach using Instrument Landing System, Microwave Landing System or Precision Approach Radar for guidance in both azimuth and elevation;

• “Prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Governor under this Order, and the expression “prescribe” shall be construed accordingly;

• “Pressurised aircraft” means an aircraft provided with means of maintaining in any compartment a pressure greater than that of the surrounding atmosphere;

• “Public transport” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph (7) of this Article;

• “Public transport aircraft” means an aircraft flying, or intended by the operator of the aircraft to fly, for the purpose of public transport;

• “Record” includes, in addition to a record in writing— any disc, tape, sound-track or other device in which sounds or signals are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other instrument) of being reproduced therefrom; any film, tape or other device in which visual images are embodied so as to be capable (as aforesaid) of being reproduced therefrom; and any photograph; and any reference to a copy of a record includes, in the case of a record falling within paragraph (a) only of this definition, a transcript of the sounds or signals embodied therein, in the case of a record falling within paragraph (b) only of this definition, a still reproduction of the images embodied therein, and in the case of a record falling within both those paragraphs, such a transcript together with such a still reproduction;

• “Replacement” in relation to any part of an aircraft or its equipment includes the removal and replacement of that part whether or not by the same part, and whether or not any work is done on it, but does not include the removal and replacement of a part which is designed to be removable solely for the purpose of enabling another part to be inspected, repaired, removed or replaced or cargo to be loaded;

• “Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control” means the Rules contained in Schedule 13 to this Order and any supplementary rules made by the Governor under Article 64(6) of this Order;

• “Runway visual range” in relation to a runway means the distance in the direction of take-off or landing over which the runway lights or surface markings may be seen from the touchdown zone as calculated by either human observation or instruments in the vicinity of the touchdown zone or where this is not reasonably practicable in the vicinity of the midpoint of the runway; and the distance, if any, communicated to the commander of an aircraft by or on behalf of the person in charge of the aerodrome as being the runway visual range shall be taken to be the runway visual range for the time being;

• “Scheduled journey” means one of a series of journeys which are undertaken between the same two places and which together amount to a systematic service;

• “Seaplane” includes a flying boat and any other aircraft designed to manoeuvre on water;

• “Special VFR flight” means a flight which is a special VFR flight for the purposes of the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control;

• “Supreme Court” means the highest court exercising original jurisdiction in respect of the Territory;

• “The Territory” has the meaning assigned to it by Article 97 of this Order and includes the dependencies of the Territory and the adjacent territorial waters;

• “Visual Flight Rules” means Visual Flight Rules contained in the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control;

• “Visual Meteorological Conditions” means weather permitting flight in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules.

• (2) In this Order references to sums expressed in terms of sterling shall be construed as references to the equivalent sums in the currency of the Territory calculated at such rate of exchange as may be prescribed or as the Governor may by order direct.

• (3)

• (a) In its application to any territory which is mentioned in Schedule 17 to this Order but is not mentioned in the First Schedule to the Visiting Forces Act (Application to Colonies) Order 1954[^f00022], as amended from time to time, this Order shall have effect as if—

• (i) the whole of paragraph (2) was omitted from Article 94;

• (ii) the words “or as a member of a visiting force” were omitted from paragraph (4) of Article 94; and

• (iii) in paragraph (1) of this Article the words “or of any visiting force” were omitted from the definition of “Government aerodrome”.

• (b) In relation to any territory which is mentioned in Schedule 17 to this Order and is also mentioned in the First Schedule to the Visiting Forces Act (Application to Colonies) Order 1954, as amended from time to time, the expression “visiting force” in this Order means any such body, contingent or detachment of the forces of any country as is a visiting force for the purposes of any of the provisions of the Visiting Forces Act 1952[^f00023], which extend to that territory, in respect of that country, by virtue of any Order in Council made under subsection (of section 1 or under section 15 of that Act.

• (4) An aircraft shall be deemed to be in flight—

• (a) in the case of a piloted flying machine, from the moment when, after the embarkation of its crew for the purpose of taking off, it first moves under its own power, until the moment when it next comes to rest after landing;

• (b) in the case of a pilotless flying machine, or a glider, from the moment when it first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment when it next comes to rest after landing;

• (c) in the case of an airship or free balloon, from the moment when it first becomes detached from the surface until the moment when it next becomes attached thereto or comes to rest thereon;

and the expressions “a flight” and “to fly” shall be construed accordingly.

• (5) Every person employed or engaged in an aircraft in flight on the business of the aircraft shall be deemed to be a member of the crew thereof.

• (6) References in this Order to the operator of an aircraft are, for the purpose of the application of any provision of this Order in relation to any particular aircraft, references to the person who at the relevant time has the management of that aircraft, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly:

• Provided that, for the purposes of the application of any provision in Part III of this Order, when by virtue of any charter or other agreement for the hire or loan of an aircraft a person other than an air transport undertaking or an aerial work undertaking has the management of that aircraft for a period not exceeding 14 days, the foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall have effect as if that agreement had not been entered into.

• (7)

• (a) Subject to the provisions of this paragraph, an aircraft in flight shall for the purposes of this Order be deemed to fly for the purpose of public transport—

• (i) if hire or reward is given or promised for the carriage of passengers or cargo in the aircraft on that flight; or

• (ii) if any passengers or cargo are carried gratuitously in the aircraft on that flight by an air transport undertaking, not being persons in the employment of the undertaking (including, in the case of a body corporate, its directors), persons with the authority of the Governor either making any inspection or witnessing any training, practice or test for the purposes of this Order, or cargo intended to be used by any such passengers as aforesaid, or by the undertaking; or

• (iii) for the purposes of Part III of this Order, if hire or reward is given or promised for the right to fly the aircraft on that flight (not being a single-seater aircraft of which the maximum total weight authorised does not exceed 910 kg. and in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness of the Special Category is in force) otherwise than under a hire-purchase or conditional sale agreement;

and the expression “public transport of passengers” shall be construed accordingly:

• Provided that, notwithstanding that an aircraft may be flying for the purpose of public transport by reason of sub-paragraph (a)(iii) of this paragraph, it shall not be deemed to be flying for the purpose of the public transport of passengers unless hire or reward is given for the carriage of those passengers. Where under a transaction effected by or on behalf of a member of an association of persons on the one hand and the association of persons or any member thereof on the other hand, a person is carried in, or is given the right to fly, an aircraft in such circumstances that hire or reward would be given or promised if the transaction were effected otherwise than aforesaid, hire or reward shall, for the purposes of this Order, be deemed to have been given or promised, notwithstanding any rule of law as to such transactions.

• (8) The expressions appearing in the “General Classification of Aircraft” set forth in Part A of Schedule 1 to this Order shall have the meanings thereby assigned to them.

• (9) The Interpretation Act 1978[^f00024] applies for the purpose of the interpretation of this Order and otherwise in relation thereto as it applies for the purpose of the interpretation of, and in relation to, an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom, and as if this Order were such an Act of Parliament.

• (10) A power to make regulations under this Order shall include the power to make different provisions with respect to different classes of aircraft, aerodromes, persons or property and with respect to different circumstances and with respect to different parts of the Territory and to make such incidental and supplementary provisions as are necessary or expedient for carrying out the purposes of the Order.

• (11)

• (a) Any power conferred by this Order to issue, make, serve or grant any instrument shall be construed as including a power exerciseable, in the like manner and subject to the like conditions, if any, to vary, revoke, cancel or otherwise terminate the instrument.

• (b) In this paragraph “instrument” includes any regulations, direction, instruction, rule or other requirement, any notice and any certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption, authorisation, log book record or other document.

Saving

100

• (1) Subject to the provisions of Articles 73 and 77 of this Order, nothing in this Order or the regulations made thereunder shall confer any right to land in any place as against the owner of the land or other persons interested therein.

• (2) Nothing in this Order shall oblige the Governor to accept an application from the holder of any current certificate, licence, approval, permission, exemption or other document, being an application for the renewal of that document, or for the granting of another document in continuation of or in substitution for the current document, if the application is made more than 60 days before the current document is due to expire.

Small aircraft

101

The provisions of this Order, other than articles 48, 70, 99(1), and 99(8), shall not apply to or in relation to—

• (a) any balloon which at any stage of its flight is not more than 2 metres in any linear dimension including any basket or other equipment attached to the balloon;

• (b) any kite weighing not more than 2 kg.;

• (c) any other aircraft weighing not more than 5 kg. without its fuel;

• (d) any parachute including a parascending parachute.

SCHEDULE 1

PART A — TABLE OF GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT

Col. 1	Col. 2	Col. 3	Col. 4
Aircraft	{ Lighter than air aircraft	{ Non-power driven	{ Free Balloon { Captive Balloon
Aircraft	{ Lighter than air aircraft	{ Power driven	{ Airship
Aircraft	{ Heavier than air aircraft	{ Non-power driven	{ Glider { Kite
Aircraft	{ Heavier than air aircraft	{ Power driven (flying machines)	{ Aeroplane (Landplane) { Aeroplane (Seaplane) { Aeroplane (Amphibian) { Aeroplane (Self-launching Motor Glider)
Aircraft	{ Heavier than air aircraft		{ Rotorcraft	{ Helicopter { Gyroplane

PART B — NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS OF AIRCRAFT REGISTERED IN THE TERRITORY

1

The nationality mark of the aircraft shall be a group of two capital letters in Roman character and the registration mark shall be a group of three capital letters in Roman character assigned by the Governor on the registration of the aircraft. The letters shall be without ornamentation and a hyphen shall be placed between the nationality mark and the registration mark.

2

The nationality and registration marks shall be displayed to the best advantage, taking into consideration the constructional features of the aircraft and shall always be kept clean and visible.

3

The nationality and registration marks shall also be inscribed, together with the name and address of the registered owner of the aircraft, on a fireproof metal plate affixed—

• (a) in the case of an aeroplane having an empty weight not exceeding 150 kg. either in accordance with paragraph (b) or in a prominent position to the wing,

• (b) in the case of any other aircraft in a prominent position on the fuselage or car or basket, as the case may be, and near to the main entrance to the aircraft.

4

The nationality and registration marks shall be painted on the aircraft or shall be affixed thereto by any other means ensuring a similar degree of permanence in the following manner:

I

Position of marks

• (a) Flying Machines and Gliders

• (i) Horizontal Surfaces of the Wings or Fuselage (or equivalent structure):

• (aa) On aircraft having a fixed wing surface, the marks shall appear on the lower surface of the wing structure, and shall be on the left half of the lower surface of the wing structure unless they extend across the whole surface of both wings. So far as possible the marks shall be located equidistant from the leading and trailing edges of the wings. The tops of the letters shall be towards the leading edge of the wing.

• (bb) On aircraft having no fixed wing surface and when owing to the structure of the aircraft the greatest height reasonably practicable for the marks on the vertical surface of the fuselage (or equivalent structure) is less than 15 centimetres the marks shall also appear on the lower surface of the fuselage on the line of symmetry and shall be placed with the tops of the letters towards the nose.

• (ii) Vertical Surfaces of the Tail or Fuselage (or equivalent structure): The marks shall also be on each side of the aircraft either on the fuselage or on the upper halves of the vertical tail surfaces. On aircraft having a fixed wing surface, the marks, if placed on the fuselage (or equivalent structure), shall be between the horizontal tail surfaces and the wing. When on a single vertical tail surface, the marks shall be on both sides. When there is more than one vertical tail surface, the marks shall be on the outer sides of the outboard vertical tail surfaces.

• (b) Airships and Free Balloons

• (i) Airships: The marks shall be on each side of the airship. They shall be placed horizontally either on the hull near the maximum cross-section of the airship or on the lower vertical stabiliser.

• (ii) Free Balloons: The marks shall be in two places diametrically opposite.

• (iii) In the case of all airships and free balloons the side marks shall be so placed as to be visible both from the sides and from the ground.

II

Size of Marks

• (a) Flying Machines and Gliders

• (i) Wings: The letters constituting each group of marks shall be of equal height. The height of the letters shall be at least 50 centimetres.

• (ii) Fuselage (or equivalent structure) or Vertical Tail Surfaces: The marks on the fuselage (or equivalent structure) shall not interfere with the visible outlines of the fuselage (or equivalent structure). The marks on the vertical tail surfaces shall be such as to leave a margin of at least 5 centimetres along each side of the vertical tail surface. The letters shall be of equal height. The height of the letters constituting each group of marks shall be at least 30 centimetres. Where marks are required to be carried on the lower surface of aircraft having no fixed wing surface, the height of the marks shall be at least 50 centimetres.

• Provided that where owing to the structure of the aircraft the appropriate height specified in this sub-paragraph (ii) is not reasonably practicable, the height of the marks shall be the greatest height reasonably practicable in the circumstances consistent with compliance with Section III of this Part of this Schedule.

• (b) Airships and Free Balloons

• The letters constituting each group of marks shall be of equal height. The height of the letters shall be at least 50 centimetres.

III

Width and Spacing of Marks

• (a) The width of each letter (except the letter I) and the length of the hyphen between the nationality mark and registration mark shall be two-thirds of the height of a letter.

• (b) The letters and hyphen shall be formed by solid lines and shall be of a colour clearly contrasting with the background on which they appear. The thickness of the lines shall be one-sixth of the height of a letter.

• (c) Each letter shall be separated from the letter which it immediately precedes or follows by a space equal to half the width of a letter. A hyphen shall be regarded as a letter for this purpose.

PART C — AIRCRAFT DEALER'S CERTIFICATE—CONDITIONS

SCHEDULE 2 — A AND B CONDITIONS

The A Conditions and B Conditions referred to in Articles 3(1), 7(1) and 39(7) of this Order are as follows:

A Conditions

• (1) The aircraft shall be either an aircraft in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness or validation has previously been in force under this Order, or an aircraft identical in design with an aircraft in respect of which such a certificate is or has been in force.

• (2) The aircraft shall fly only for the purpose of enabling it to:

• (a) qualify for the issue or renewal of a certificate of airworthiness or of the validation thereof or the approval of a modification of the aircraft, after an application has been made for such issue, renewal, validation or approval as the case may be; or

• (b) proceed to or from a place at which any inspection, approval, test or weighing of, or the installation of equipment in, the aircraft is to take place for a purpose referred to in subparagraph (a), after such an application has been made, or at which the installation of furnishings in, or the painting of, the aircraft is to be undertaken; or

• (c) proceed to or from a place at which the aircraft is to be or has been stored.

• (3) The aircraft and its engines shall be certified as fit for flight by the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer’s licence granted under this Order, being a licence which entitles him to issue that certificate or by a person approved by the Governor for the purpose of issuing certificates under this condition, and in accordance with that approval.

• (4) The aircraft shall carry the minimum flight crew specified in any certificate of airworthiness or validation which has previously been in force under this Order respect of the aircraft, or is or has previously been in force in respect of any other aircraft of identical design.

• (5) The aircraft shall not carry any persons or cargo except persons performing duties in the aircraft in connection with the flight or persons who are carried in the aircraft to perform duties in connection with a purpose referred to in paragraph (2) of these Conditions.

• (6) The aircraft shall not fly over any congested area of a city, town or settlement except to the extent that it is necessary to do so in order to take off from or land at a Government aerodrome or a licensed aerodrome, in accordance with normal aviation practice.

• (7) Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 18(2) of this Order, the aircraft shall carry such flight crew as may be necessary to ensure the safety of the aircraft.

B Conditions

• (1) The flight shall be made under the supervision of a person approved by the Governor for the purposes of these Conditions, and subject to any additional conditions which may be specified in such approval.

• (2) If it is not registered in the Territory or under the law of any country referred to in Article 3 of this Order, the aircraft shall be marked in a manner approved by the Governor for the purposes of these Conditions, and the provisions of Articles 14,15,19,32,35,57 and 59 of this Order shall be complied with in relation to the aircraft as if it was registered in the Territory so far as such provisions are applicable to the aircraft in the circumstances.

• (3) The aircraft shall fly only for the purpose of—

• (a) experimenting with or testing the aircraft (including in particular its engines) and its equipment; or

• (b) enabling it to qualify for the issue of a certificate of airworthiness or the validation thereof, or the approval of a modification of the aircraft; or

• (c) proceeding to or from a place at which any experiment, inspection, approval, test or weighing of, or the installation of equipment in, the aircraft is to take place for a purpose referred to in subparagraph (a) or (b), or at which the installation of furnishings in, or the painting of, the aircraft is to be undertaken; or

• (d) demonstrating the aircraft with a view to the sale of that aircraft or of other similar aircraft.

• (4) Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 18(2) of this Order, the aircraft shall carry such flight crew as may be necessary to ensure the safety of the aircraft.

• (5) The aircraft shall not carry any cargo, or any persons other than the flight crew except the following:

• (a) persons employed by the operator who carry out during the flight duties in connection with the purposes specified in paragraph (3) of these Conditions;

• (b) persons employed by manufacturers of component parts of the aircraft (including its engines) who carry out during the flight duties in connection with the purposes so specified;

• (c) persons approved by the Governor under Article 8(8) of this Order as qualified to furnish reports for the purposes of that Article;

• (d) persons, other than those carried under the preceding provisions of this paragraph, who are carried in the aircraft in order to carry out a technical evaluation of the aircraft or its operation.

• (6) The aircraft shall not fly, except in accordance with procedures which have been approved by the Governor in relation to that flight, over any congested area of a city, town or settlement.

SCHEDULE 3

• Transport Category (Passenger).

• Transport Category (Cargo).

• Aerial Work Category.

• Private Category.

• Special Category.

• The purposes for which the aircraft may fly are as follows:

• Transport Category (Passenger): Any purpose.

• Transport Category (Cargo): Any purpose, other than the public transport of passengers.

• Aerial Work Category: Any purpose other than public transport.

• Private Category: Any purpose other than public transport or aerial work.

• Special Category: Any purpose, other than public transport, specified in the certificate of airworthiness but not including the carriage of passengers unless expressly permitted.

SCHEDULE 4 — AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT

1

Every aircraft of a description specified in the first column of the Table set forth in paragraph 4 of this Schedule and which is registered in the Territory shall be provided, when flying in the circumstances specified in the second column of the said Table, with adequate equipment, and for the purpose of this paragraph the expression “adequate equipment” shall mean the scales of equipment respectively indicated in that Table:

2

The equipment carried in an aircraft as being necessary for the airworthiness of the aircraft shall be taken into account in determining whether this Schedule is complied with in respect of that aircraft.

3

The following items of equipment shall not be required to be of a type approved by the Governor:

• (i) The equipment referred to in Scale A (ii).

• (ii) First aid equipment and handbook, referred to in Scale B.

• (iii) Time-pieces, referred to in Scale F.

• (iv) Torches, referred to in Scales G, H, J and Z.

• (v) Whistles, referred to in Scale H.

• (vi) Sea anchors, referred to in Scales I and J.

• (vii) Rocket signals, referred to in Scale I.

• (viii) Equipment for mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring aircraft on the water, referred to in Scale I.

• (ix) Paddles, referred to in Scale J.

• (x) Food and water, referred to in Scales J, U and V.

• (xi) First aid equipment, referred to in Scales J, U and V.

• (xii) Stove, cooking utensils, snow shovels, ice saws, sleeping bags and Arctic suits, referred to in Scale V.

• (xiii) Megaphones, referred to in Scale Y.

Description of aircraft	Circumstances of Flight	Scale of Equipment Required
* For the purposes of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the aircraft is flying in still aid at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water.	* For the purposes of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the aircraft is flying in still aid at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water.	* For the purposes of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the aircraft is flying in still aid at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water.
* For the purposes of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the helicopter or gyroplane is flying in still air at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water.	* For the purposes of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the helicopter or gyroplane is flying in still air at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water.	* For the purposes of this Table, flying time shall be calculated on the assumption that the helicopter or gyroplane is flying in still air at the speed specified in the relevant Certificate of Airworthiness as the speed for compliance with regulations governing flights over water.
1 Gliders	a flying for purposes other than public transport or aerial work when flying by night.	A(ii)
	b Flying for the purpose of public transport or aerial work, and i when flying by night	A, B, D and F(i) C and G
	ii when carrying out aerobatic manoeuvres	M
2 Aeroplanes	a flying for purposes other than public transport;and	A
	i when flying by night	C and D
	ii When flying under Instrument Flight Rules aa outside controlled airspace	D
	bb within controlled airspace	E with E(iv) duplicated and F
	iii when carrying out aerobatic manoeuvres	M
	iv when flying for the purpose of aerial work	B(i)
	b flying for the purpose of public transport; and	A, B, D and F(i)
	i when flying under Instrument Flight rules except flightsw outside controplled airspace by aeroplanes having amaximum total weight authorised not exceeding 1,150 kg.	E with E(iv) duplicated and F, C and G
	ii when flying by night; and in the case of aeroplanes of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 1,150 kg.	E with E(iv) duplicated and F
	iii when flying over water beyond gliding distance from land	H
	iv on all flights on which in the event of any emergency occurring during the take-off or during the landing at the intended destination or any likely alternate destination it is reasonably possible that the aeroplane would be forced to land onto water	H
	v when flying over water— aa in the case of an aeroplane— aaa classified in its certificate of airworthiness as being of performance group A, C or X; or bbb having no performance group classification in its certificate of airworthiness and of such a weight and performance that with any one of its power units inoperative and the remaining power unit or units operating within the maximum continuous power conditions specified in the certificate of airworthiness, performance schedule or flight manual relating to the aeroplane issued or rendered valid by the Governor it is capable of a gradient of climb of at least 1 in 200 and an altitude of 5,000 feet in the International Standard Atmosphere specified in or ascertainable by reference to the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect of that aircraft when either more than 400 nautical miles or more than 90 minutes flying time[^f01000] from the nearest aerodrome at which an emergency landing can be made	H and J
	bb in the case of all other aeroplanes when more than 30 minutes flying time[^f01000] from such an aerodrome	H and J
	vi on all flights which involve manoeuvres on water	H, I and J
	vii when flying at a height of 10,000 feet or more above mean sea level; aa having a certificate of airworthiness first issued (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) before 1st January 1991	K1 or K2
	bb having a certificate of airworthiness first issued (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) on or after 1st January 1991	K2
	viii on flights when the weather reports or forecasts available at the aerodrome at the time of departure indicate that conditions favouring ice for mation are likely to be met	L
	ix when carrying out aerobatic manoeuvres	M
	x on all flights on which the aircraft carries a flight crew of more than one person	N
	xi on all flights for the purpose of the public transport of passenters	Q and Y
	xii on all flights by a pressurised aircraft	R
	aa before 1st January 1992	R1
	bb on or after 1st January 1992	R2
	xiii when flying over substantially uninhabited land areas where, in the event of an emergency landing, tropical conditions are likely to be met	U
	xiv when flying over substantially uninhabited land or other areas where, in the event of an emergency landing, polar conditions are likely to be met	V
	xv when flying at an altitude of more than 49,000 feet	W
3 Turbine-jet aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg. or ressurised aircraft having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 11,400 kg.	When flying for the purpose of public transport	O
4 Turbine-engined aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg. and piston-engined aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 27,000 kg. a which are operated by an air transport undertaking under a certificate of airworthiness of the Transport category (Passenger) or the Transport Category (Cargo)	when flying on any flight	P
b in respect of which application has been made and not withdrawn or refused for such a certificate, and which fly under the “A” Conditions or under a certificate of airworthiness of the Special Category	when flying on any flight	P
Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to: aeroplanes havinga maximum total weight authorised exceeding 230,000 kg. which conform to a type which was first issued with a type certificate in the Territory after 1st January 1970, or aeroplanes having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg. but not exceeding 230,000 kg. which conform to a type whch was first issued with a type certificate (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) after 1st April 1971.
5 Aeroplanes— a which conform to a type first issued with a type certificate (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) on or after 1st April 1971 and which have a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg. and in respect of which there is in force a certificate of airworthiness in the Transport Category (Passenger) or Transport Category (Cargo); or	when flying on any flight	S
b which conform to a type first issued with a type certificate in the Territory on or after 1st january 1970 and having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 230,000 kg. and in respect of which there is in force such a certificate of airworthiness; or	when flying on any flight	S
c having a maximum total weight authorized exceeding 5,700 kg. which conform to a type first issued with a type certificate on or after 1st April 1971 (or 1st January 1970 in the case of an aeroplane over 230,000 kg. maximum total weight authorized) in respect of which application has been made, and not withdrawn or refused, for such a certificate of airworthiness and which fly under the “A Conditions” or in respect of which there is in force a certificate of airworthiness in the Special category.	when flying on any flight	S
6 Aeroplanes— a which conform to a type first issued with a type certificate (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) on or after 1st April 1971 and which have maximum total weight authorized exceeding 27,000 kg. and in respect of which there is in force a certificate of airworthiness in the Transport Category (Passenger) or the Transport Category (Cargo); or	when flying on any flight	T
b which conform to a type first issued with a type certificate in the Territory on or after 1st January 1970 and which have a maximum total weight authorized exceeding 230,000 kg. and in respect of which there is in force such a certificate of airworthiness; or	when flying on any flight	T
c having a maximum total weight authorized exceeding 27,000 kg. which conform to a type first issued with a type certificate on or after 1st April 1971 (or 1st january 1970 in the case of an aeroplane having a maximum total weight authorized exceeding 230,000 kg.) in respect of which an application has been made, and not withdrawn or refused for such a certificate of airworthiness and which fly under the “A Conditions” or in respect of which there is in force a certifecate of airworthiness in the Special Category.	when flying on any flight	T
7 Aeroplanes which have a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 15,000 kg. or which in accordance with the certificate of airworthness in force in respect thereof may carry more than 30 passengers.	On all flights for the purpose of public transport	X
8 Aeroplanes— a which are4 a turbo-jet and which have a maximum total weight authorised exceeding22,700 kg.; or	when flying by night for the purpose of the public transport of passengers	Z(i) and (ii)
b having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg. and which conform to a type for which a certificate of airworthiness was first applied for (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) after 30th April 1972 but not including any aeroplane which in the opinion of the Governor is identical in all matters affecting the provision of emergency evacuation facilities to an aeroplane for which a certificate of airworthiness was first applied for before that date; or	when flying by night for the purpose of the public transport of passengers	Z(i) and (ii)
c which in accordance with the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect thereof may carry more than 19 persons over 3 years of age.	when flying by night for the purpose of the public transport of passengers	Z(i)
9 Helicopters and Gyroplanes	a flying for purposes other than public transport; and	A
	i when flying by day under Visual Flight Rules with visual ground reference	D
	ii when flying by day under Instrument Flight Rules or without visual ground reference aa outside controlled airspace	E with E(ii) duplicated
	bb within controlled airspace	E with E(ii) and E(iv) duplicated and F with F(iv) for all weights
	iii when flying at night.
	aa with visual ground reference.	C, E, G(iii) and G(v)
	bb without visual ground reference— aaaoutside controlled airspace	C, E with E(ii) duplicated G(iii) and G(v).
	bbbwithin controlled airspace.	C, E, with bpoth E(ii) and E(iv) duplicated, F with F(iv) for all weights, G(iii) and G(v).
	b flying for the purpose of public transport; and	A, B, F(i) and F(iv) for all weights.
	i when flying by day under Visual Flight Rules with visual ground reference	D
	ii when flying by day under Instrument Flight Rules or without visual ground reference	E with both E(ii) and E(iv) duplicated, F(ii)_, F(iii) and F(v).
	iii when flying by night with visual ground reference aa in the case of a helicopter or gyroplane having a maximum total weight authorised not exceeding 2,000 kg.	C, E and G.
	bb in the case of a helicopter or gyroplane having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 2,000 kg.	C, E with E(ii) duplicated and either E(iv) duplicated or a radio altimeter, F(ii), F(iii), F(v) and G.
	iv when flying by night without visual ground reference	C, E with both E(ii) and E(iv) duplicated, F(ii), F(iii) and F(v), and G.
	v when flying over water aa in the case of a helicopter or a gyroplane classified in its Certificate of Airworthiness as being of performance group A2 or B when beyond autorotational gliding distance from land suitable for an emergency landing	E and H.
	bb on all flights on which in the event of any emergency occurring during the take-off or during the landing at the intended destination or any likely alternate destination it is reasonably possible that the helicopter or gyroplane would be forced to land onto water	H.
	cc in the case of a helicopter or a gyroplane classified in its Certificate of airworthiness as being of performance group A2 when beyond 10 minutes flying time[^f01001] from land	E, H, J and T.
	dd for more than a total of three minutes in any flight	EE
	ee in the case of a helicopter or a gyroplane classified in its certificate of airworthiness as being of performance group A2 which is intended to fly beyond ten minutes flying time from land or which actually flies beyond ten minutes flying time from land, on a flight in support of or in connection with the offshore exploitation or exploration of mineral resources (including gas) when the weather report or forecasts available to the commander of the aircraft indicate that the sea temperature will be less than plus ten degrees centigrade during the flight or when any part of the flight is at night	HH
	vi on all flights which involve manoeuvres on water	H, I and J.
	vii when flying at a height of 10,000 feet or more above mean sea level: aa having a certificate of airworthiness first issued (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) before 1st January 1991	K1 or K2
	bb having a certificate of airworthiness first issued (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) on or after 1st January 1991	K2
	viii on flights when the weather reports or forecasts available at the aerodrome at the time of departure indicate that conditions favouring ice formation are likely to be met.	L
	ix on all flights on which the aircraft carries a flight crew of more than one person	N
	x on all flights for the purpose of the public transport of passengers	Y
	xi when flying over substantially uninhabited land areas where, in the event of emergency landing, tropical conditions are likely to be met	U
	xii when flying over substantially uninhabited land or other areas where, in the event of an emergency landing, polar conditions are likely to be met.	V
10 Helicopters and Gyroplanes— a having a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 5,700 kg. and which conform to a type for which a certificate of airworthiness was first applied for (whether in the Territory or elsewhere) after 30th April 1972 but not including any helicopter or gyroplane which in the opinion of the Governor is identacal in all matters affecting the provision of emergency evacuation facilities to a helicopter or gyroplane for which a certificate or airworthiness was first applied for before that date; or	when flying by night for the purpose of the public transport of passenters	Z(i) and (ii)
b which, in accordance with the certificate of airworthiness in force in respect thereof, may carry more than 19 persons over 3 years of age; or	when flying by night for the purpose of the public transport of passengers	Z(i)
c which have a certificate or airworthiness issued in the Transport Category (passenger or cargo) and which has either a maximum total weight authorised exceeding 2,700 kg. or which may carry more than 9 passengers.	when flying on any flight beginning on or after 1st January 1991	S

5

The scales of equipment indicated in the foregoing Table shall be as follows:

• Scale A Spare fuses for all electrical circuits the fuses of which can be replaced in flight, consisting of 10 per cent, of the number of each rating or three of each rating, whichever is the greater; Maps, charts, codes and other documents and navigational equipment necessary, in addition to any other equipment required under this Order, for the intended flight of the aircraft, including any diversion which may reasonably be expected. Subject to Scale B(iii)(a), in all aeroplanes, helicopters and gyroplanes for every pilot’s seat and for any seat situated alongside a pilot’s seat, a safety belt with one diagonal shoulder strap or a safety harness: Provided that the Governor may permit a safety belt without a diagonal shoulder strap to be fitted if he is satisfied that it is not reasonably practicable to fit a safety belt with one diagonal shoulder strap, or a safety harness. Subject to Scale B(iii)(b) for every seat in use (not being a seat referred to in sub-paragraph (a) above) a safety belt with or without one diagonal shoulder strap or a safety harness. In addition and for attachment to the equipment required in sub-paragraph (b) above, a child restraint device for every child under the age of two years on board.

• Scale B First-aid equipment of good quality, sufficient in quantity, having regard to the number of persons on board the aircraft, and including the following: Roller bandages, triangular bandages, adhesive plaster, absorbent gauze, cotton wool (or wound dressings in place of the absorbent gauze and cotton wool), burn dressings, safety pins; Haemostatic bandages or tourniquets, scissors; Antiseptic, analgesic and stimulant drugs; Splints, in the case of aeroplanes the maximum total weight authorised of which exceeds 5,700 kg; A handbook on First Aid. In the case of a flying machine used for the public transport of passengers in which, while the flying machine is at rest on the ground, the sill of an external door intended for the disembarkation of passengers, whether normally or in an emergency. is more than 1.82 metres from the ground when the undercarriage of the machine is in the normal position for taxying, or would be more than 1.82 metres from the ground if the undercarriage or any part thereof should collapse, break or fail to function. apparatus readily available for use at each such door consisting of a device or devices which will enable passengers to reach the ground safely in an emergency while the flying machine is on the ground, and can be readily fixed in position for use. If the maximum total weight authorised of the aircraft exceeds 2,730 kg, a safety harness for every pilot’s seat in use, in place of the safety belt with one diagonal shoulder strap referred to under Scale A: Provided that the Governor may permit a safety belt with one diagonal shoulder strap to be fitted if he is satisfied that it is not reasonably practicable to fit a safety harness. On all flights for the public transport of passengers by aircraft, for each seat for use by cabin attendants who are required to be carried under this Order, a safety harness. If the commander cannot, from his own seat, see all the passengers' seats in the aircraft, a means of indicating to the passengers that seat belts should be fastened.

• Scale C Equipment for displaying the lights required by the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control; Electrical equipment, supplied from the main source of supply in the aircraft, to provide sufficient illumination to enable the flight crew properly to carry out their duties during flight; Unless the aircraft is equipped with radio, devices for making the visual signal specified in the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control as indicating a request for permission to land.

• Scale D In the case of a helicopter or a gyroplane, a slip indicator; In the case of any other flying machine either— a turn indicator and a slip indicator; or a gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator and a gyroscopic direction indicator, a sensitive pressure altimeter adjustable for any sea level barometric pressure which the weather report or forecasts available to the commander of the aircraft indicate is likely to be encountered during the intended flight.

• Scale E In the case of a helicopter or a gyroplane, a slip indicator; In the case of any other flying machine, a turn indicator and a slip indicator; A gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator; A gyroscopic direction indicator; A sensitive pressure altimeter adjustable for any sea level barometric pressure which the weather report or forecasts available to the commander of the aircraft indicate is likely to be encountered during the intended flight; Provided that any aircraft may, at the option of the operator, be equipped with an additional gyroscopic bank and pitch indicator in lieu of the turn indicator referred to in (i) of this Scale.

• Scale EE On all flights beginning on or after 1st January 1991, a radio altimeter with an audio voice warning operating below a preset height and a visual warning capable of operating at a height selectable by the pilot.

• Scale F A timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds; A means of indicating whether the power supply to the gyroscopic instruments is adequate; A rate of climb and descent indicator; If the maximum total weight authorised of the aircraft exceeds 5,700 kg. a means of indicating the outside air temperature; If the maximum total weight authorised of the aircraft exceeds 5,700 kg. two air speed indicators.

• Scale G In the case of an aircraft other than a helicopter or gyroplane landing lights consisting of two single filament lamps, or one dual filament lamp with separately energised filaments; An electric lighting system to provide illumination in every passenger compartment; one electric torch for each member of the crew of the aircraft; or one electric torch for each member of the flight crew of the aircraft; and at least one electric torch affixed adjacent to each floor level exit intended for the disembarkation of passengers whether normally or in an emergency, provided that such torches shall:— be readily accessible for use by the crew of the aircraft at all times; and number in total not less than the minimum number of cabin attendants required to be carried with a full passenger complement; In the case of an aircraft other than a helicopter or gyroplane of which the maximum total weight authorised exceeds 5,700 kg., means of observing the existence and build up of ice on the aircraft. In the case of a helicopter or gyroplane in respect of which there is in force a certificate of airworthiness designating the helicopter or gyroplane as being of performance group A, either— two landing lights both of which are adjustable so as to illuminate the ground in front and below the helicopter or gyroplane and one of which is adjustable so as to illuminate the ground on either side of the helicopter or gyroplane; or one landing light or, if the maximum total weight authorised of the helicopter or gyroplane exceeds 5,700 kg., one dual filament landing light with separately energised filaments, or two single filament lights, each of which is adjustable so as to illuminate the ground in front and below the helicopter or gyroplane; and two parachute flares. In the case of a helicopter or gyroplane in respect of which there is in force a certificate of airworthiness designating the helicopter or gyroplane as being of performance group B, either— one landing light and two parachute flares; or if the maximum total weight authorised of the helicopter or gyroplane exceeds 5,700 kg. either one dual filament landing light with separately energised filaments or two single filament landing lights; and two parachute flares.

• Scale H For each person on board, a lifejacket equipped with a whistle and waterproof torch: Provided that lifejackets constructed and carried solely for use by children under three years of age need not be equipped with a whistle.

• Scale HH A survival suit for each member of the crew.

• Scale I Additional flotation equipment, capable of supporting one-fifth of the number of persons on board, and provided in a place of stowage accessible from outside the flying machine; Parachute distress rocket signals capable of making, from the surface of the water, the pyrotechnical signal of distress specified in the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control and complying with Part III of Schedule 15 to the Merchant Shipping (Life-Saving Appliances) Regulations 1980[^f00025]; A sea anchor and other equipment necessary to facilitate mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring the flying machine on water, appropriate to its size, weight and handling characteristics.

• Scale J In the case of a flying machine, other than a helicopter or gyroplane carrying 20 or more persons, liferafts sufficient to accommodate all persons on board; In the case of a helicopter or gyroplane carrying 20 or more persons, a minimum of two liferafts sufficient together to accommodate all persons on board. Each liferaft shall contain the following equipment: means for maintaining buoyancy; a sea anchor; life lines, and means of attaching one liferaft to another; paddles or other means of propulsion; means of protecting the occupants from the elements; a waterproof torch; marine type pyrotechnical distress signals; means of making sea water drinkable, unless the full quantity of fresh water is carried as specified in sub-paragraph (i); for each 4 or proportion of 4 persons the liferaft is designed to carry: 100 grammes of glucose toffee tablets; ½ litre of fresh water in durable containers: Provided that in any case in which it is not reasonably practicable to carry the quantity of water above specified, as large a quantity of fresh water as is reasonably practicable in the circumstances may be substituted. In no case however shall the quantity of water carried be less than is sufficient, when added to the amount of fresh water capable of being produced by means of the equipment specified in sub-paragraph (h), to provide one half litre of water for each 4 or proportion of 4 persons the liferaft is designed to carry. first aid equipment. Items (f) to (j) inclusive shall be contained in a pack. The number of survival beacon radio apparatus carried when the aircraft is carrying the number of liferafts specified in column 1 of the following Table shall be not less than the number specified in, or calculated in accordance with, column 2: TABLE Column 1Column 2 Not more than 8 liferafts.2 survival beacon radio apparatus.For every additional 4 or proportion of 4 liferafts.1 additional survial beacon radio apparatus. In the case of a helicoper or gyroplane undertaking a flight on or after 1st January 1991, an emergency beacon which is automatically deployed and activated in the event of a crash.