Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Text with EEA relevance)

Does it contain ≤ 1% flammable components (by mass) and does it have a heat of combustion < 20 kJ/g?

YES

Category 3

No pictogram

Warning

NO

Does it contain ≥ 85% flammable components (by mass) and does it have a heat of combustion ≥ 30 kJ/g?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

For spray aerosols, go to decision logic 2.3.1(b)

For foam aerosols, go to decision logic 2.3.1(c)

Figure 2.3.1 (b)

Spray aerosols

Image omitted; see official source

Text of image

SPRAY AEROSOL

In the ignition distance test, does ignition occur at a distance ≥ 75 cm?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

Does it have a heat of combustion < 20 kJ/g?

NO

Category 2

Warning

YES

In the ignition distance test, does ignition occur at a distance ≥ 15 cm?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

In the enclosed space ignition test; is:

(a) the time equivalent ≤ 300 s/m³; or

(b) the deflagration density ≤ 300 g/m³?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Category 3

No pictogram

Warning

Figure 2.3.1 (c)

Foam aerosols

Image omitted; see official source

Text of image

FOAM AEROSOL

In the foam test, is:

(a) the flame height ≥ 20 cm and the flame duration ≥ 2 s; or

(b) the flame height ≥ 4 cm and the flame duration ≥ 7s?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

In the foam test, is the flame height ≥ 4 cm and the flame duration ≥ 2 s?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Category 3

No pictogram

Warning

2.3.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.3.1.

Table 2.3.1

Label elements for aerosols

Classification	Category 1	Category 2	Category 3
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	No pictogram
Signal Word	Danger	Warning	Warning
Hazard Statement	H222: Extremely flammable aerosol H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated	H223: Flammable aerosol H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated	H229: Pressurised container: May burst if heated
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P211 P251	P210 P211 P251	P210 P251
Precautionary Statement Response
Precautionary Statement Storage	P410 + P412	P410 + P412	P410 + P412
Precautionary Statement Disposal

2.3.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.3.4.1.The chemical heat of combustion (ΔΗc), in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat of combustion (ΔΗcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually less than 1,0 (a typical combustion efficiency is 0,95 or 95 %).

• For a composite aerosol formulation, the chemical heat of combustion is the summation of the weighted heats of combustion for the individual components, as follows:

Image omitted; see official source

• where:

ΔΗc	=	chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g);
---	---	---
wi %	=	mass fraction of component i in the product;
---	---	---
ΔΗc(i)	=	specific heat of combustion (kJ/g)of component i in the product.

• The chemical heats of combustion can be found in the literature, calculated or determined by tests (see ASTM D 240 as amended — Standard Test Methods for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, EN/ISO 13943 as amended, 86.l to 86.3 — Fire safety — Vocabulary, and NFPA 30B as amended — Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products).

2.4.   Oxidising gases

2.4.1.   Definitions

Oxidising gas means any gas or gas mixture which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

2.4.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.4.2.1.An oxidising gas shall be classified in a single category for this class in accordance with Table 2.4.1.:

Table 2.4.1

Criteria for oxidising gases

Category	Criteria
1	Any gas which may, generally by providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does.

Note:

‘Gases which cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more than air does’ means pure gases or gas mixtures with an oxidising power greater than 23,5 % as determined by a method specified in ISO 10156 as amended.

2.4.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.4.2.

Table 2.4.2

Label elements for oxidising gases

Classification	Category 1
GHS Pictogram	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statement	H270: May cause or intensify fire; oxidiser
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P220 P244
Precautionary Statement Response	P370 + P376
Precautionary Statement Storage	P403
Precautionary Statement Disposal

2.4.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

To classify an oxidising gas, tests or calculation methods as described in ISO 10156 as amended, “Gases and gas mixtures — Determination of fire potential and oxidising ability for the selection of cylinder valve outlet” shall be performed.

2.5.   Gases under pressure

2.5.1.   Definition

• 2.5.1.1. Gases under pressure are gases which are contained in a receptacle at a pressure of 200 kPa (gauge) or more at 20 °C, or which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated.

• They comprise compressed gases, liquefied gases, dissolved gases and refrigerated liquefied gases.

• 2.5.1.2.The critical temperature is the temperature above which a pure gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the degree of compression.

2.5.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.5.2.1.Gases under pressure shall be classified, according to their physical state when packaged, in one of four groups in accordance with Table 2.5.1:

Table 2.5.1

Criteria for gases under pressure

Group	Criteria
Compressed gas	A gas which when packaged under pressure is entirely gaseous at – 50 °C; including all gases with a critical temperature ≤ – 50 °C.
Liquefied gas	A gas which, when packaged under pressure, is partially liquid at temperatures above – 50 °C. A distinction is made between: (i) high pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature between – 50 °C and + 65 °C; and (ii) low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a critical temperature above + 65 °C.
Refrigerated liquefied gas	A gas which when packaged is made partially liquid because of its low temperature.
Dissolved gas	A gas which when packaged under pressure is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.
Note: Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.	Note: Aerosols shall not be classified as gases under pressure. See section 2.3.

2.5.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.5.2.

Table 2.5.2

Label elements for gases under pressure

Classification	Compressed gas	Liquefied gas	Refrigerated liquefied gas	Dissolved gas
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Warning	Warning	Warning	Warning
Hazard Statement	H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated	H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated	H281: Contains refrigerated gas; may cause cryogenic burns or injury	H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated
Precautionary Statement Prevention			P282
Precautionary Statement Response			P336 + P315
Precautionary Statement Storage	P410 + P403	P410 + P403	P403	P410 + P403
Precautionary Statement Disposal

Note:

Pictogram GHS04 is not required for gases under pressure where pictogram GHS02 or pictogram GHS06 appears.

2.5.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

For this group of gases, the following information is required to be known:

• — the vapour pressure at 50 ^oC;

• — the physical state at 20 ^oC at standard ambient pressure;

• — the critical temperature.

Data can be found in the literature, calculated or determined by testing. Most pure gases are already classified in the UN RTDG, Model Regulations.

2.6.   Flammable liquids

2.6.1.   Definition

Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 ^oC.

2.6.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.6.2.1.A flammable liquid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class in accordance with Table 2.6.1:

Table 2.6.1

Criteria for flammable liquids

Category	Criteria
1	Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point ≤ 35 oC
2	Flash point < 23 oC and initial boiling point > 35 oC
3	Flash point ≥ 23 oC and ≤ 60 oC [^E0018]

For the purpose of this Regulation gas oils, diesel and light heating oils having a flash point between ≥ 55 ^oC and ≤ 75 ^oC may be regarded as Category 3.

Note:

Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable liquids; see section 2.3.

2.6.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.6.2.

Table 2.6.2

Label elements for flammable liquids

Classification	Category 1	Category 2	Category 3
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger	Danger	Warning
Hazard Statement	H224: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour	H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapour	H226: Flammable liquid and vapour
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280	P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280	P210 P233 P240 P241 P242 P243 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P303 + P361 + P353 P370 + P378	P303 + P361 + P353 P370 + P378	P303 + P361 + P353 P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage	P403 + P235	P403 + P235	P403 + P235
Precautionary Statement Disposal	P501	P501	P501

2.6.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.6.4.1.For the classification of flammable liquids data on flash point and initial boiling point are needed. Data can be determined by testing, found in literature or calculated. If data are not available, the flash point and the initial boiling point shall be determined through testing. For flash point determination a closed-cup method shall be used.

• 2.6.4.2.In the case of mixtures ([^E0019]) containing known flammable liquids in defined concentrations, although they may contain non-volatile components e.g. polymers, additives, the flash point need not be determined experimentally if the calculated flash point of the mixture, using the method given in 2.6.4.3 below, is at least 5 °C ([^E0020]) greater than the relevant classification criterion and provided that:

• (a) the composition of the mixture is accurately known (if the material has a specified range of composition, the composition with the lowest calculated flash point shall be selected for assessment);

• (b) the lower explosion limit of each component is known (an appropriate correlation has to be applied when these data are extrapolated to other temperatures than test conditions) as well as a method for calculating the lower explosion limit  of the mixture;

• (c) the temperature dependence of the saturated vapour pressure and of the activity coefficient is known for each component as present in the mixture;

• (d) the liquid phase is homogeneous.

• 2.6.4.3.One suitable method is described in Gmehling and Rasmussen (Ind. Eng. Fundament, 21, 186, (1982)). For a mixture containing non-volatile components the flash point is calculated from the volatile components. It is considered that a non-volatile component only slightly decreases the partial pressure of the solvents and the calculated flash point is only slightly below the measured value.

• 2.6.4.4.Possible test methods for determining the flash point of flammable liquids are listed in Table 2.6.3.

Table 2.6.3

Methods for determining the flash point of flammable liquids

European standards:	EN ISO 1516 as amended Determination of flash/no flash — Closed cup equilibrium method
European standards:	EN ISO 1523 as amended Determination of flash point — Closed cup equilibrium method
European standards:	EN ISO 2719 as amended Determination of flash point — Pensky-Martens closed cup method
European standards:	EN ISO 3679 as amended Determination of flash point — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method
European standards:	EN ISO 3680 as amended Determination of flash/no flash — Rapid equilibrium closed cup method
European standards:	EN ISO 13736 as amended Petroleum products and other liquids — Determination of flash point — Abel closed cup method
National standards:	National standards:
Association française de normalisation, AFNOR:	NF M07-036 as amended Détermination du point d'éclair — Vase clos Abel-Pensky (identical to DIN 51755)
—————	—————
Deutsches Institut für Normung	DIN 51755 (flash points below 65 C) as amended Prüfung von Mineralölen und anderen brennbaren Flüssigkeiten; Bestimmung des Flammpunktes im geschlossenen Tiegel, nach Abel-Pensky (identical to NF M07-036)

• 2.6.4.5Liquids with a flash point of more than 35 °C and not more than 60 °C need not be classified in Category 3 if negative results have been obtained in the sustained combustibility test L.2, Part III, section 32 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria.

• 2.6.4.6.Possible test methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liquids are listed in Table 2.6.4.

Table 2.6.4

Methods for determining the initial boiling point of flammable liquids

European standards:	EN ISO 3405 as amended Petroleum products — Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure
European standards:	EN ISO 3924 as amended Petroleum products — Determination of boiling range distribution — Gas chromatography method
European standards:	EN ISO 4626 as amended Volatile organic liquids — Determination of boiling range of organic solvents used as raw materials
Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 [^E0021]	Method A.2 as described in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008

OJ L 142, 31.5.2008, p. 1.

2.7.   Flammable solids

2.7.1.   Definition

• 2.7.1.1.A flammable solid means a solid which is readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.

• Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or pasty substances or mixtures which are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and if the flame spreads rapidly.

2.7.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.7.2.1.Powdered, granular or pasty substances or mixtures (except powders of metals or metal alloys — see 2.7.2.2) shall be classified as readily combustible solids when the time of burning of one or more of the test runs, performed in accordance with the test method described in Part III, sub-section 33.2.1, of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, is less than 45 seconds or the rate of burning is more than 2,2  mm/s.

• 2.7.2.2.Powders of metals or metal alloys shall be classified as flammable solids when they can be ignited and the reaction spreads over the whole length of the sample (100 mm) in 10 min or less.

• 2.7.2.3.A flammable solid shall be classified in one of the two categories for this class using Method N.1 as described in 33.2.1 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.7.1:

Table 2.7.1

Criteria for flammable solids

Category	Criteria
1	Burning rate test Substances and mixtures other than metal powders: (a) wetted zone does not stop fire and (b) burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s Metal powders burning time ≤ 5 minutes
2	Burning rate test Substances and mixtures other than metal powders: (a) wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 minutes and (b) burning time < 45 seconds or burning rate > 2,2  mm/s Metal powders burning time > 5 minutes and ≤ 10 minutes

Note 1:

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

Note 2:

Aerosols shall not be classified as flammable solids; see section 2.3.

2.7.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.7.2.

Table 2.7.2

Label elements for flammable solids

Classification	Category 1	Category 2
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger	Warning
Hazard Statement	H228: Flammable Solid	H228: Flammable Solid
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P240 P241 P280	P210 P240 P241 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P370 + P378	P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage
Precautionary Statement Disposal

2.8.   Self-reactive substances and mixtures

2.8.1.   Definition

• 2.8.1.1.Self-reactive substances or mixtures are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or mixtures liable to undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This definition excludes substances and mixtures classified according to this Part as explosives, organic peroxides or as oxidising.

• 2.8.1.2.A self-reactive substance or mixture is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the formulation is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.

2.8.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.8.2.1.Any self-reactive substance or mixture shall be considered for classification in this class as a self-reactive substance or mixture unless:

• (a) they are explosives, according to the criteria given in 2.1;

• (b) they are oxidising liquids or solids, according to the criteria given in 2.13 or 2.14, except that mixtures of oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances shall be classified as self-reactive substances according to the procedure defined in 2.8.2.2;

• (c) they are organic peroxides, according to the criteria given in 2.15;

• (d) their heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g; or

• (e) their self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is greater than 75 ^oC for a 50 kg package ([^E0022]).

• 2.8.2.2.Mixtures of oxidising substances, meeting the criteria for classification as oxidising substances, which contain 5 % or more of combustible organic substances and which do not meet the criteria mentioned in (a), (c), (d) or (e) in 2.8.2.1, shall be subjected to the self-reactive substances classification procedure;

• Such a mixture showing the properties of a self-reactive substance type B to F (see 2.8.2.3) shall be classified as a self-reactive substance.

• Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

• 2.8.2.3.Self-reactive substances and mixtures shall be classified in one of the seven categories of ‘types A to G’ for this class, according to the following principles:

• (a) any self-reactive substance or mixture which can detonate or deflagrate rapidly, as packaged, shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE A;

• (b) any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE B;

• (c) any self-reactive substance or mixture possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE C;

• (d) any self-reactive substance or mixture which in laboratory testing:
• (i) detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
• (ii) does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
• (iii) does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement; shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE D;

• (e) any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE E;

• (f) any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F;

• (g) any self-reactive substance or mixture which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable (SADT is 60 ^oC to 75 ^oC for a 50 kg package), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point not less than 150 ^oC is used for desensitisation shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE G. If the mixture is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 ^oC is used for desensitisation, the mixture shall be defined as self-reactive substance TYPE F.

• Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

2.8.2.4.   Criteria for temperature control

Self-reactive substances need to be subjected to temperature control if their SADT is less than or equal to 55 ^oC. Test methods for determining the SADT as well as the derivation of control and emergency temperatures are given in, Part II, section 28 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. The test selected shall be conducted in a manner which is representative, both in size and material, of the package.

2.8.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.8.1.

Table 2.8.1

Label elements for self-reactive substances and mixtures

Classification	Type A	Type B	Type C & D	Type E & F	Type G [^E0023]
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Signal Word	Danger	Danger	Danger	Warning	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Hazard Statement	H240: Heating may cause an explosion	H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion	H242: Heating may cause a fire	H242: Heating may cause a fire	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Precautionary Statement Response	P370 + P372 + P380 + P373	P370 + P380 + P375 [+ P378] [^E0024]	P370 + P378	P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage	P403 P411 P420	P403 P411 P420	P403 P411 P420	P403 P411 P420
Precautionary Statement Disposal	P501	P501	P501	P501

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but should be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but shall be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

2.8.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.8.4.1.The properties of self-reactive substances or mixtures which are decisive for their classification shall be determined experimentally. The classification of a self reactive substance or mixture shall be performed in accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. The procedure for classification is described in Figure 2.8.1.

• 2.8.4.2.The classification procedures for self-reactive substances and mixtures need not be applied if:

• (a) There are no chemical groups present in the molecule associated with explosive or self reactive properties. Examples of such groups are given in Tables A6.1 and A6.2 in Appendix 6 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria; or

• (b) For a single organic substance or a homogeneous mixture of organic substances, the estimated SADT for a 50 kg package is greater than 75 ^oC or the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300J/g. The onset temperature and decomposition energy can be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see Part II, sub-section 20.3.3.3 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

Figure 2.8.1

Self-reactive substances and mixtures

Image omitted; see official source

Text of image

Type B

Type A

Type G

Type F

Type E

Type D

Type C

6.1 Yes

7.1 Violent

Box 10 Test G

10.2 No

7.2 Medium

7.3 Low

7.4 None

8.1 Violent

8.2 Medium

8.3 Low

8.4 None

9.1 Violent

9.2 Medium

16.2 No

16.1 Yes

Is a diluent with a boiling point of < 150 °C used?

Box 16

15.2 No

15.1 Yes

Is the substance a solid?

Box 14 Test H

14.1 Yes

13.1 Low

12.2 Low

What is the effect of heating it under defined confine- ment?

Box 13 Test E

12.1 Not low

12.3 None

Box 12 Test F

5.2 Yes, slowly

11.1 Yes

Packaged in packages of more than 400 kg/450 l or to be considered for exemption?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

9.3 Low

9.4 None

Box 9 Test E

Box 8 Test E

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

Box 7 Test E

6.2 No

Does it deflagrate rapidly in package?

Box 6 Test D

5.1 Yes rapidly

Box 5 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

3.2 Yes, slowly

3.3 No

4.2 Yes, slowly

4.3 No

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Box 4 Test C

4.1 Yes, rapidly

Box 2 Test B

Box 3 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Does it propagate a deto-nation?

10.1 Yes

11.2 No

13.2 None

14.2 No

Box 15

Box 11

Box 1 Test A

5.3 No

1.2 Partial

1.3 No

3.1 Yes, rapidly

2.2 No

2.1 Yes

1.1 Yes

Is the SADT <60°C in a 50 kg package?

What is its explosive power?

Can it explode as packaged?

Can it detonate as packaged?

SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE

2.9.   Pyrophoric liquids

2.9.1.   Definition

Pyrophoric liquid means a liquid substance or mixture which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.

2.9.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.9.2.1.A pyrophoric liquid shall be classified in a single category for this class using test N.3 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.5 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria according to Table 2.9.1:

Table 2.9.1

Criteria for pyrophoric liquids

Category	Criteria
1	The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter paper on contact with air within 5 min.

2.9.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.9.2.

Table 2.9.2

Label elements for pyrophoric liquids

Classification	Category 1
GHS Pictogram	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statement	H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P222 P231 + P232 P233 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P302 + P334 P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage
Precautionary Statement Disposal

2.9.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.9.4.1.The classification procedure for pyrophoric liquids need not be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the substance is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)).

2.10.   Pyrophoric solids

2.10.1.   Definition

Pyrophoric solid means a solid substance or mixture which, even in small quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into contact with air.

2.10.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.10.2.1.A pyrophoric solid shall be classified in a single category for this class using test N.2 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.4 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.10.1:

Table 2.10.1

Criteria for pyrophoric solids

Category	Criteria
1	The solid ignites within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air.

Note

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

2.10.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.10.2.

Table 2.10.2

Label elements for pyrophoric solids

Classification	Category 1
GHS Pictogram	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger
Hazard Statement	H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P222 P231 + P232 P233 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P302 + P335 + P334 P370 +P378
Precautionary Statement Storage
Precautionary Statement Disposal

2.10.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.10.4.1.The classification procedure for pyrophoric solids need not be applied when experience in manufacture or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not ignite spontaneously on coming into contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e. the substance is known to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time (days)).

2.11.   Self-heating substances and mixtures

2.11.1.   Definition

• 2.11.1.1.A self-heating substance or mixture is a liquid or solid substance or mixture, other than a pyrophoric liquid or solid, which, by reaction with air and without energy supply, is liable to self-heat; this substance or mixture differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods of time (hours or days).

• 2.11.1.2.Self-heating of a substance or a mixture is a process where the gradual reaction of that substance or mixture with oxygen (in the air) generates heat. If the rate of heat production exceeds the rate of heat loss, then the temperature of the substance or mixture will rise which, after an induction time, may lead to self-ignition and combustion.

2.11.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.11.2.1.A substance or mixture shall be classified as a self-heating substance or mixture of this class, if in the tests performed in accordance with the test method given in the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6:

• (a) a positive result is obtained using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 ^oC;

• (b) a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 ^oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 ^oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m³;

• (c) a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 ^oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 ^oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres;

• (d) a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 ^oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 ^oC.

• 2.11.2.2.A self-heating substance or mixture shall be classified in one of the two categories for this class if, in a test performed in accordance with test method N.4 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, the result meets the criteria according to Table 2.11.1:

Table 2.11.1

Criteria for self-heating substances and mixtures

Category	Criteria
1	A positive result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 oC
2	(a) a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3; or (b) a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 oC and the substance or mixture is to be packed in packages with a volume of more than 450 litres; or (c) a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at 140 oC and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 oC and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 oC.

Note

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

• 2.11.2.3.Substances and mixtures with a temperature of spontaneous combustion higher than 50 ^oC for a volume of 27 m³ shall not be classified as a self-heating substance or mixture.

• 2.11.2.4.Substances and mixtures with a spontaneous ignition temperature higher than 50 ^oC for a volume of 450 litres shall not be assigned to Category 1 of this class.

2.11.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.11.2.

Table 2.11.2

Label elements for self-heating substances and mixtures

Classification	Category 1	Category 2
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger	Warning
Hazard Statement	H251: Self-heating; may catch fire	H252: Self-heating in large quantities; may catch fire
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P235 P280	P235 P280
Precautionary Statement Response
Precautionary Statement Storage	P407 P413 P420	P407 P413 P420
Precautionary Statement Disposal

2.11.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.11.4.1.For detailed schemes for the decision logic for classification and the tests to be carried out for ascertaining the different categories, see Figure 2.11.1.

• 2.11.4.2.The classification procedure for self-heating substances or mixtures need not be applied if the results of a screening test can be adequately correlated with the classification test and an appropriate safety margin is applied. Examples of screening tests are:

• (a) The Grewer Oven test (VDI guideline 2263, Part 1, 1990, Test methods for the Determination of the Safety Characteristics of Dusts) with an onset temperature 80 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l;

• (b) The Bulk Powder Screening Test (Gibson, N. Harper, D.J. Rogers, R.Evaluation of the fire and explosion risks in drying powders, Plant Operations Progress, 4 (3), 181-189, 1985) with an onset temperature 60 K above the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l.

Figure 2.11.1.

Self-heating substances and mixtures

Image omitted; see official source

Text of image

SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 100 mm sample cube at 140°C?

NO

NOT CLASSIFIED

YES

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 25 mm sample cube at 140°C?

YES

Category 1

Danger

NO

Is it packaged in more than 3 m³?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 100 mm sample cube at 120°C?

NO

NOT CLASSIFIED

YES

Is it packaged in more than 450 litres volume?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

Does it undergo dangerous self-heating when tested in a 100 mm sample cube at 100°C?

YES

Category 2

Warning

NO

NOT CLASSIFIED

2.12.   Substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

2.12.1.   Definition

Substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases means solid or liquid substances or mixtures which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.

2.12.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.12.2.1.A substance or mixture which, in contact with water, emits flammable gases shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class, using test N.5 in Part III, sub-section 33.4.1.4 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, in accordance with Table 2.12.1:

Table 2.12.1

Criteria for substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Category	Criteria
1	Any substance or mixture which reacts vigorously with water at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute.
2	Any substance or mixture which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category 1.
3	Any substance or mixture which reacts slowly with water at ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Categories 1 and 2.

Note:

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance must also be tested in the new form.

• 2.12.2.2.A substance or mixture shall be classified as a substance or mixture which in contact with water emits flammable gases if spontaneous ignition takes place in any step of the test procedure.

2.12.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.12.2.

Table 2.12.2

Label elements for substances and mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases

Classification	Category 1	Category 2	Category 3
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger	Danger	Warning
Hazard Statement	H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously	H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases	H261: In contact with water releases flammable gases
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P223 P231 + P232 P280	P223 P231 + P232 P280	P231 + P232 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P302 + P335 + P334 P370 + P378	P302 + P335 + P334 P370 + P378	P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage	P402 + P404	P402 + P404	P402 + P404
Precautionary Statement Disposal	P501	P501	P501

2.12.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.12.4.1.The classification procedure for this class need not be applied if:

• (a) the chemical structure of the substance or mixture does not contain metals or metalloids; or

• (b) experience in production or handling shows that the substance or mixture does not react with water, e.g. the substance is manufactured with water or washed with water; or

• (c) the substance or mixture is known to be soluble in water to form a stable mixture.

2.13.   Oxidising liquids

2.13.1.   Definition

Oxidising liquid means a liquid substance or mixture which, while in itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.

2.13.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.13.2.1.An oxidising liquid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class using test O.2 in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.13.1:

Table 2.13.1

Criteria for oxidising liquids

Category	Criteria
1	Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50 % perchloric acid and cellulose.
2	Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 40 % aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.
3	Any substance or mixture which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass, of substance (or mixture) and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 65 % aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for Category 1 and 2 are not met.

2.13.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.13.2.

Table 2.13.2

Label elements for oxidising liquids

Classification	Category 1	Category 2	Category 3
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger	Danger	Warning
Hazard Statement	H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser	H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser	H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P220 P280 P283	P210 P220 P280	P210 P220 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P306 + P360 P371 + P380 + P375 P370 + P378	P370 + P378	P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage	P420
Precautionary Statement Disposal	P501	P501	P501

2.13.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.13.4.1.For organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if:

• (a) the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

• (b) the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

• 2.13.4.2.For inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms.

• 2.13.4.3.In the event of divergence between test results and known experience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures which shows them to be oxidising, judgments based on known experience shall take precedence over test results.

• 2.13.4.4.In cases where substances or mixtures generate a pressure rise (too high or too low), caused by chemical reactions not characterising the oxidising properties of the substance or mixture, the test described in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria shall be repeated with an inert substance, e.g. diatomite (kieselguhr), in place of the cellulose in order to clarify the nature of the reaction and to check for a false positive result.

2.14.   Oxidising solids

2.14.1.   Definition

Oxidising solid means a solid substance or mixture which, while in itself is not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.

2.14.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.14.2.1. An oxidising solid shall be classified in one of the three categories for this class using test O.1 in Part III, sub-section 34.4.1 or test O.3 in Part III, sub-section 34.4 3 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria in accordance with Table 2.14.1:

Table 2.14.1

Criteria for oxidising solids

Category	Criteria using test O.1	Criteria using test O.3
1	Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, (by mass), of potassium bromate and cellulose.	Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate greater than the mean burning rate of a 3:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose.
2	Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.	Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Category 1 are not met.
3	Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.	Any substance or mixture which, in the 4:1 or 1:1 sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning rate equal to or greater than the mean burning rate of a 1:2 mixture (by mass) of calcium peroxide and cellulose and the criteria for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.

Note 1

Some oxidising solids also present explosion hazards under certain conditions (when stored in large quantities). Some types of ammonium nitrate may give rise to an explosion hazard under extreme conditions and the ‘Resistance to detonation test’ (IMSBC Code (International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code, IMO), Appendix 2, Section 5) can be used to assess this hazard. Appropriate information shall be made in the SDS.

Note 2

The test shall be performed on the substance or mixture in its physical form as presented. If, for example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a classification test, the substance shall also be tested in the new form.

2.14.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.14.2.

Table 2.14.2

Label elements for oxidising solids

	Category 1	Category 2	Category 3
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Danger	Danger	Warning
Hazard Statement	H271: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidiser	H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser	H272: May intensify fire; oxidiser
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P220 P280 P283	P210 P220 P280	P210 P220 P280
Precautionary Statement Response	P306 + P360 P371 + P380 + P375 P370 + P378	P370 + P378	P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage	P420
Precautionary Statement Disposal	P501	P501	P501

2.14.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.14.4.1.For organic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if:

• (a) the substance or mixture does not contain oxygen, fluorine or chlorine; or

• (b) the substance or mixture contains oxygen, fluorine or chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or hydrogen.

• 2.14.4.2.For inorganic substances or mixtures the classification procedure for this class shall not apply if they do not contain oxygen or halogen atoms.

• 2.14.4.3.In the event of divergence between test results and known experience in the handling and use of substances or mixtures which shows them to be oxidising, judgments based on known experience shall take precedence over test results.

2.15.   Organic peroxides

2.15.1.   Definition

• 2.15.1.1.Organic peroxides means liquid or solid organic substances which contain the bivalent -O-O- structure and may be considered derivatives of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. The term organic peroxide includes organic peroxide mixtures (formulations) containing at least one organic peroxide. Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances or mixtures, which can undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they can have one or more of the following properties:

• (i) be liable to explosive decomposition;

• (ii) burn rapidly;

• (iii) be sensitive to impact or friction;

• (iv) react dangerously with other substances.

• 2.15.1.2.An organic peroxide is regarded as possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the mixture (formulation) is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect when heated under confinement.

2.15.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.15.2.1.Any organic peroxide shall be considered for classification in this class, unless it contains:

• (a) not more than 1,0  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing not more than 1,0  % hydrogen peroxide; or

• (b) not more than 0,5  % available oxygen from the organic peroxides when containing more than 1,0  % but not more than 7,0  % hydrogen peroxide.

Note

The available oxygen content ( %) of an organic peroxide mixture is given by the formula:

Image omitted; see official source

where:

ni	=	number of peroxygen groups per molecule of organic peroxide i;
---	---	---
ci	=	concentration (mass %) of organic peroxide i;
---	---	---
mi	=	molecular mass of organic peroxide i.

• 2.15.2.2.Organic peroxides shall be classified in one of the seven categories of ‘Types A to G’ for this class, according to the following principles:

• (a) any organic peroxide which, as packaged, can detonate or deflagrate rapidly shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE A;

• (b) any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE B;

• (c) any organic peroxide possessing explosive properties when the substance or mixture as packaged cannot detonate or deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE C;

• (d) any organic peroxide which in laboratory testing:
• (i) detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
• (ii) does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
• (iii) does not detonate or deflagrate at all and shows a medium effect when heated under confinement; shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE D;

• (e) any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no effect when heated under confinement shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE E;

• (f) any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement as well as low or no explosive power shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F;

• (g) any organic peroxide which, in laboratory testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable, i.e. the SADT is 60 ^oC or higher for a 50 kg package ([^E0025]), and, for liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point of not less than 150 ^oC is used for desensitisation, shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE G. If the organic peroxide is not thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than 150 ^oC is used for desensitisation, the organic peroxide shall be defined as organic peroxide TYPE F. Where the test is conducted in the package form and the packaging is changed, a further test shall be conducted where it is considered that the change in packaging will affect the outcome of the test.

2.15.2.3.   Criteria for temperature control

The following organic peroxides need to be subjected to temperature control:

• (a) Organic peroxide types B and C with an SADT ≤ 50 C;

• (b) Organic peroxide type D showing a medium effect when heated under confinement ([^E0026]) with an SADT ≤ 50 ^oC or showing a low or no effect when heated under confinement with an SADT ≤ 45 ^oC; and

• (c) Organic peroxide types E and F with an SADT ≤ 45 ^oC.

Test methods for determining the SADT as well as the derivation of control and emergency temperatures are given in the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part II, section 28. The test selected shall be conducted in a manner which is representative, both in size and material, of the package.

2.15.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances or mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.15.1.

Table 2.15.1

Label elements for organic peroxides

Classification	Type A	Type B	Type C & D	Type E & F	Type G
GHS Pictograms	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	Image omitted; see official source	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Signal Word	Danger	Danger	Danger	Warning	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Hazard Statement	H240: Heating may cause an explosion	H241: Heating may cause a fire or explosion	H242: Heating may cause a fire	H242: Heating may cause a fire	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	P210 P234 P235 P240 P280	There are no label elements allocated to this hazard category
Precautionary Statement Response	P370 + P372 + P380 + P373	P370 + P380 + P375[+ P378] [^E0027]	P370 + P378	P370 + P378
Precautionary Statement Storage	P403 P410 P411 P420	P403 P410 P411 P420	P403 P410 P411 P420	P403 P410 P411 P420
Precautionary Statement Disposal	P501	P501	P501	P501

See the introduction to Annex IV for details on the use of square brackets.

Type G has no hazard communication elements assigned but shall be considered for properties belonging to other hazard classes.

2.15.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.15.4.1.Organic peroxides are classified by definition based on their chemical structure and on the available oxygen and hydrogen peroxide contents of the mixture (see 2.15.2.1). The properties of organic peroxides which are necessary for their classification shall be determined experimentally. The classification of organic peroxides shall be performed in accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. The procedure for classification is described in Figure 2.15.1.

• 2.15.4.2.Mixtures of already classified organic peroxides may be classified as the same type of organic peroxide as that of the most dangerous component. However, as two stable components can form a thermally less stable mixture, the SADT of the mixture shall be determined.

• Note: The sum of the individual parts can be more hazardous than the individual components.

Figure 2.15.1

Organic Peroxides

Image omitted; see official source

Text of image

Type F

Type E

Type D

Type C

Type B

Type A

Type G

1.3 No

6.1 Yes

7.1 Violent

Box 10 Test G

10.2 No

7.2 Medium

7.3 Low

7.4 None

8.1 Violent

8.2 Medium

8.3 Low

8.4 None

9.1 Violent

9.2 Medium

16.2 No

16.1 Yes

Is a diluent with a boiling point of < 150 °C used?

Box 16

15.2 No

15.1 Yes

Is the substance a solid?

Box 14 Test H

14.1 Yes

13.1 Low

12.2 Low

What is the effect of heating it under defined confine- ment?

Box 13 Test E

12.1 Not low

12.3 None

Box 12 Test F

5.2 Yes, slowly

11.1 Yes

Packaged in packages of more than 400 kg/450 l or to be considered for exemption?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

9.3 Low

9.4 None

Box 9 Test E

Box 8 Test E

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

What is the effect of heating it under defined confinement?

Box 7 Test E

6.2 No

Does it deflagrate rapidly in package?

Box 6 Test D

5.1 Yes rapidly

Box 5 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

3.2 Yes, slowly

3.3 No

4.2 Yes, slowly

4.3 No

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Box 4 Test C

4.1 Yes, rapidly

Box 2 Test B

Box 3 Test C

Can it propagate a defla-gration?

Does it propagate a deto-nation?

10.1 Yes

11.2 No

13.2 None

14.2 No

Box 15

Box 11

Box 1 Test A

5.3 No

1.2 Partial

3.1 Yes, rapidly

2.2 No

2.1 Yes

1.1 Yes

Is the SADT <60°C in a 50 kg package?

What is its explosive power?

Can it explode as packaged?

Can it detonate as packaged?

ORGANIC PEROXIDE

2.16.   Corrosive to metals

2.16.1.   Definition

A substance or a mixture that is corrosive to metals means a substance or a mixture which by chemical action will materially damage, or even destroy, metals.

2.16.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.16.2.1.A substance or a mixture which is corrosive to metals is classified in a single category for this class, using the test in Part III, sub-section 37.4 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, in accordance with Table 2.16.1:

Table 2.16.1

Criteria for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Category	Criteria
1	Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6,25  mm per year at a test temperature of 55 oC when tested on both materials.

Note

Where an initial test on either steel or aluminium indicates the substance or mixture being tested is corrosive the follow up test on the other metal is not required.

2.16.3.   Hazard Communication

Label elements shall be used for substances and mixtures meeting the criteria for classification in this hazard class in accordance with Table 2.16.2.

Table 2.16.2

Label elements for substances and mixtures corrosive to metals

Classification	Category 1
GHS Pictogram	Image omitted; see official source
Signal Word	Warning
Hazard Statement	H290: May be corrosive to metals
Precautionary Statement Prevention	P234
Precautionary Statement Response	P390
Precautionary Statement Storage	P406
Precautionary Statement Disposal

Note:

Where a substance or mixture is classified as corrosive to metals but not corrosive to skin and/or eyes, the labelling provisions set out in section 1.3.6 shall be used.

2.16.4.   Additional Classification Considerations

• 2.16.4.1.The corrosion rate can be measured according to the test method of Part III sub-section 37.4 of the  UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria. The specimen to be used for the test shall be made of the following materials:

• (a) for the purposes of testing steel, steel types
• — S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2),
• — S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3), ISO 3574 as amended, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;

• (b) for the purposes of testing aluminium: non-clad types 7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6.

2.17.   Desensitised explosives

2.17.1.   Definitions and general considerations

• 2.17.1.1. Desensitised explosives are solid or liquid explosive substances or mixtures which are phlegmatised to suppress their explosive properties in such a manner that they do not mass explode and do not burn too rapidly and therefore may be exempted from the hazard class ‘Explosives’ (see also paragraph 3 in section 2.1.4.1) ([^E0028])

• 2.17.1.2. The hazard class of desensitised explosives comprises:

• (a) Solid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are wetted with water or alcohols or are diluted with other substances, to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive properties. NOTE: This includes desensitisation achieved by formation of hydrates of the substances.

• (b) Liquid desensitised explosives: explosive substances or mixtures, which are dissolved or suspended in water or other liquid substances, to form a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress their explosive properties.

2.17.2.   Classification criteria

• 2.17.2.1. Any explosive while in a desensitised state shall be considered in this class unless, in that state:

• (a) It is intended to produce a practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect;

• (b) It has a mass explosion hazard according to test series 6 (a) or 6 (b) or the corrected burning rate according to the burning rate test described in part V, subsection 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria is greater than 1 200 kg/min; or

• (c) The exothermic decomposition energy is less than 300 J/g.

NOTE 1: Substances or mixtures, which meet the criterion (a) or (b) in their desensitised state shall be classified as explosives (see Section 2.1). Substances or mixtures which meet the criterion (c) may fall within the scope of other physical hazard classes.

NOTE 2: The exothermic decomposition energy may be estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (see section 20, sub-section 20.3.3.3 in Part II of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria).

• 2.17.2.2. Desensitised explosives shall be classified and packaged for supply and use in one of the four categories of this class depending on the corrected burning rate (Ac) using the test ‘burning rate test (external fire)’ described in Part V, sub-section 51.4 of the UN RTDG, Manual of Tests and Criteria, according to Table 2.17.1:

Table 2.17.1.

Criteria for desensitised explosives

Category	Criteria
1	Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 300 kg/min but not more than 1 200 kg/min
2	Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 140 kg/min but less than 300 kg/min
3	Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) equal to or greater than 60 kg/min but less than 140 kg/min
4	Desensitised explosives with a corrected burning rate (AC) less than 60 kg/min