Νόμοι — ΦΕΚ A' 10/2023

The geographic scope of this Agreement is the area of the migration systems of African-Eurasian waterbirds, as defined in Annex 1 to this Agreement, hereafter referred to as the "Agreement Area".

For the purpose of this Agreement: (a) "Convention" means the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 1979; (b) "Convention Secretariat" means the body established under Article IX of the Convention; (c) "Waterbirds" means those species of birds that are ecologically dependent on wetlands for at least part of their annual cycle, have a range which lies entirely or partly within the Agreement Area and are listed in Annex 2 to this Agreement; (d) "Agreement secretariat" means the body established under Article VI, paragraph 7, subparagraph (b), of this Agreement; (e) "Parties" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, Parties to this Agreement; and (f) "Parties present and voting" means the Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote; those abstaining from voting shall not be counted amongst the Parties present and voting. In addition, the terms defined in Article I, subparagraphs 1(a) to (k), of the Convention shall have the same meaning, mutatis mutandis, in this Agreement.

This Agreement is an AGREEMENT within the meaning of Article IV, paragraph 3, of the Convention. ARTICLE II Fundamental Principles

Parties shall take co-ordinated measures to maintain migratory waterbird species in a favourable conservation status or to restore them to such a status. To this end, they shall apply within the limits of their national jurisdiction the measures prescribed in Article III, together with the specific actions determined in the Action Plan provided for in Article IV, of this Agreement.

In implementing the measures prescribed in paragraph 1 above, Parties should take into account the precautionary principle. ARTICLE III General Conservation Measures

The Parties shall take measures to conserve migratory waterbirds, giving special attention to endangered species as well as to those with an unfavourable conservation status.

To this end, the Parties shall: (a) accord the same strict protection for endangered migratory waterbird species in the Agreement Area as is provided for under Article III, paragraphs 4 and 5, of the Convention; (b) ensure that any use of migratory waterbirds is based on an assessment of the best available knowledge of their ecology and is sustainable for the species as well as for the ecological systems that support them; (c) identify sites and habitats for migratory waterbirds occurring within their territory and encourage the protection, management, rehabilitation and restoration of these sites, in liaison with those bodies listed in Article IX, paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Agreement, concerned with habitat conservation; (d) coordinate their efforts to ensure that a network of suitable habitats is maintained or, where appropriate, re-established throughout the entire range of each migratory waterbird species concerned, in particular where wetlands extend over the area of more than one Party to this Agreement; measures for loss of habitat; (f) cooperate in emergency situations requiring international concerted action and in identifying the species of migratory waterbirds which are the most vulnerable to these situations as well as cooperate in developing appropriate emergency procedures to provide increased protection to these species in such situations and in the preparation of guidelines to assist individual Parties in tackling these situations; (g) prohibit the deliberate introduction of non-native waterbird species into the environment and take all appropriate measures to prevent the unintentional release of such species if this introduction or release would prejudice the conservation status of wild flora and fauna; when non-native waterbird species have already been introduced, the Parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent these species from becoming a potential threat to indigenous species; (h) initiate or support research into the biology and ecology of migratory waterbirds including the harmonization of research and monitoring methods and, where appropriate, the establishment of joint or cooperative research and monitoring programmes; (i) analyze their training requirements for, inter alia, migratory waterbird surveys, monitoring, ringing and wetland management to identify priority topics and areas for training and cooperate in the development and provision of appropriate training programmes; (j) develop and maintain programmes to raise awareness and understanding of migratory waterbird conservation issues in general and of the particular objectives and provisions of this Agreement; (k) exchange information and results from research, monitoring, conservation and education programmes; and (l) cooperate with a view to assisting each other to implement this Agreement, particularly in the areas of research and monitoring.

An Action Plan is appended as Annex 3 to this Agreement. It specifies actions which the Parties shall undertake in relation to priority species and issues, under the following headings, consistent with the general conservation measures specified in Article III of this Agreement: (a) species conservation; (b) habitat conservation; (c) management of human activities; (d) research and monitoring; (e) education and information; and (f) implementation.

The Action Plan shall be reviewed at each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties, taking into account the Conservation Guidelines.

Any amendment to the Action Plan shall be adopted by the Meeting of the Parties, taking into consideration the provisions of Article III of this Agreement.

The Conservation Guidelines shall be submitted to the Meeting of the Parties for adoption at its first session, and shall be regularly reviewed.

Each Party shall: (a) designate the Authority or Authorities to implement this Agreement which shall, inter alia, monitor all activities that may have impact on the conservation status of those migratory waterbird species of which the Party is a Range State; (b) designate a contact point for the other Parties, and communicate without delay its name and address to the Agreement secretariat to be circulated forthwith to the other Parties; and (c) prepare for each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties, beginning with the second session, a report on its implementation of the Agreement with particular reference to the conservation measures it has undertaken. The format of such reports shall be determined by the first session of the Meeting of the Parties and reviewed as may be necessary at any subsequent session of the Meeting of the Parties. Each report shall be submitted to the Agreement secretariat not less than one hundred and twenty days before the ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties for which it has been prepared, and copies shall be circulated forthwith to the other Parties by the Agreement secretariat.

(a) Each Party shall contribute to the budget of the Agreement in accordance with the United Nations scale of assessment. The contributions shall be restricted to a maximum of 25 per cent of the total budget for any Party that is a Range State. No regional economic integration organization shall be required to contribute more than 2.5 per cent of the administrative costs. (b) Decisions relating to the budget and any changes to the scale of assessment that may be found necessary shall be adopted by the Meeting of the Parties by consensus.

The Meeting of the Parties may establish a conservation fund from voluntary contributions of Parties or from any other source for the purpose of financing monitoring, research, training and projects relating to the conservation, including protection and management, of migratory waterbirds.

Parties are encouraged to provide training and technical and financial support to other Parties on a multilateral or bilateral basis to assist them in implementing the provisions of this Agreement.

The Meeting of the Parties shall be the decision-making body of this Agreement.

The Depositary shall, in consultation with the Convention Secretariat, convene a session of the Meeting of the Parties not later than one year after the date of the entry into force of this Agreement. Thereafter, the Agreement secretariat shall convene, in consultation with the Convention Secretariat, ordinary sessions of the Meeting of the Parties at intervals of not more than three years, unless the Meeting of the Parties decides otherwise. Where it is possible to do so, such sessions should be held in conjunction with the ordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.

On the written request of at least one third of the Parties, the Agreement secretariat shall convene an extraordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties.

The United Nations, its Specialized Agencies, the International Atomic Energy Agency, any State not a Party to the Agreement, and the secretariats of international conventions concerned inter alia with the conservation, including protection and management, of migratory waterbirds may be represented by observers in sessions of the Meeting of the Parties. Any agency or body technically qualified in such conservation matters or in research on migratory waterbirds may also be represented at sessions of the Meeting of the Parties by observers, unless at least one third of the Parties present object.

Only Parties have the right to vote. Each Party shall have one vote, but regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to this Agreement shall, in matters within their competence, exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their Member States which are Parties to the Agreement. A regional economic integration organization shall not exercise its right to vote if its Member States exercise theirs, and vice versa.

Unless provided otherwise in this Agreement, decisions of the Meeting of the Parties shall be adopted by consensus or, if consensus cannot be achieved, by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and voting.

At its first session, the Meeting of the Parties shall: (a) adopt its rules of procedure by consensus; (b) establish an Agreement secretariat within the Convention Secretariat to perform the secretariat functions listed in Article VIII of this Agreement; (c) establish the Technical Committee provided for in Article VII of this Agreement; (e) adopt criteria to define emergency situations which require urgent conservation measures, and determine the modalities for assigning responsibility for action to be taken.

At each of its ordinary sessions, the Meeting of the Parties shall: (a) consider actual and potential changes in the conservation status of migratory waterbirds and the habitats important for their survival, as well as the factors which may affect them; (b) review the progress made and any difficulty encountered in the implementation of this Agreement; (c) adopt a budget and consider any matters relating to the financial arrangements for this Agreement; (d) deal with any matter relating to the Agreement secretariat and the membership of the Technical Committee; (e) adopt a report for communication to the Parties to this Agreement and to the Conference of the Parties of the Convention; and (f) determine the time and venue of the next session.

At any of its sessions, the Meeting of the Parties may: (a) make recommendations to the Parties as it deems necessary or appropriate; (b) adopt specific actions to improve the effectiveness of this Agreement and, as the case may be, emergency measures as provided for in Article VII, paragraph 4, of this Agreement; (c) consider and decide upon proposals to amend this Agreement; (d) amend the Action Plan in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 3, of this Agreement; (e) establish such subsidiary bodies as it deems necessary to assist in the implementation of this Agreement, in particular for coordination with bodies established under other international treaties, conventions and agreements with overlapping geographic and taxonomic coverage; and (f) decide on any other matter relating to the implementation of this Agreement. ARTICLE VII Technical Committee

The Technical Committee shall comprise: (a) nine experts representing different regions of the Agreement Area, in accordance with a balanced geographical distribution; (b) one representative from the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), one from the International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau (IWRB) and one from the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC); and The procedure for the appointment of the experts, the term of their appointment and the procedure for designation of the Chairman of the Technical Committee shall be determined by the Meeting of the Parties. The Chairman may admit a maximum of four observers from specialized international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.

Unless the Meeting of the Parties decides otherwise, meetings of the Technical Committee shall be convened by the Agreement secretariat in conjunction with each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties and at least once between ordinary sessions of the Meeting of the Parties.

The Technical Committee shall: (a) provide scientific and technical advice and information to the Meeting of the Parties and, through the Agreement secretariat, to Parties; (b) make recommendations to the Meeting of the Parties concerning the Action Plan, implementation of the Agreement and further research to be carried out; (c) prepare for each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties a report on its activities, which shall be submitted to the Agreement secretariat not less than one hundred and twenty days before the session of the Meeting of the Parties, and copies shall be circulated forthwith by the Agreement secretariat to the Parties; and (d) carry out any other tasks referred to it by the Meeting of the Parties.

Where in the opinion of the Technical Committee there has arisen an emergency which requires the adoption of immediate measures to avoid deterioration of the conservation status of one or more migratory waterbird species, the Technical Committee may request the Agreement secretariat to convene urgently a meeting of the Parties concerned. These Parties shall meet as soon as possible thereafter to establish rapidly a mechanism to give protection to the species identified as being subject to particularly adverse threat. Where a recommendation has been adopted at such a meeting, the Parties concerned shall inform each other and the Agreement secretariat of measures they have taken to implement it, or of the reasons why the recommendation could not be implemented.

The Technical Committee may establish such working groups as may be necessary to deal with specific tasks. The functions of the Agreement secretariat shall be: (a) to arrange and service the sessions of the Meeting of the Parties as well as the meetings of the Technical Committee; (b) to execute the decisions addressed to it by the Meeting of the Parties; (c) to promote and coordinate activities under the Agreement, including the Action Plan, in accordance with decisions of the Meeting of the Parties; (d) to liaise with non-Party Range States and to facilitate coordination between the Parties and with international and national organizations, the activities of which are directly or indirectly relevant to the conservation, including protection and management, of migratory waterbirds; (e) to gather and evaluate information which will further the objectives and implementation of the Agreement and to arrange for appropriate dissemination of such information; (f) to invite the attention of the Meeting of the Parties to matters pertaining to the objectives of this Agreement; (g) to circulate copies of the reports of the Authorities referred to in Article V, paragraph 1, subparagraph (a), of this Agreement and of the Technical Committee, along with copies of the reports it must provide pursuant to paragraph (h) of this Article, to each Party not less than sixty days before the commencement of each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties; (h) to prepare, on an annual basis and for each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties, reports on the work of the secretariat and on the implementation of the Agreement; (i) to administer the budget for the Agreement and, if established, its conservation fund; (j) to provide information for the general public concerning the Agreement and its objectives; and (k) to perform such other functions as may be entrusted to it under the Agreement or by the Meeting of the Parties. Migratory Waterbirds and their Habitats The Agreement secretariat shall consult: (a) on a regular basis, the Convention Secretariat and, where appropriate, the bodies responsible for the secretariat functions under Agreements concluded pursuant to Article IV, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Convention which are relevant to migratory waterbirds, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 1971, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, 1973, the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968, the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, 1979, and the Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992, with a view to the Meeting of the Parties cooperating with the Parties to these conventions on all matters of common interest and, in particular, in the development and implementation of the Action Plan; (b) the secretariats of other pertinent conventions and international instruments in respect of matters of common interest; and (c) other organizations competent in the field of conservation, including protection and management, of migratory waterbirds and their habitats, as well as in the fields of research, education and awareness raising. ARTICLE X Amendment of the Agreement

This Agreement may be amended at any ordinary or extraordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties.

Proposals for amendment may be made by any Party.

The text of any proposed amendment and the reasons for it shall be communicated to the Agreement secretariat not less than one hundred and fifty days before the opening of the session. The Agreement secretariat shall transmit copies forthwith to the Parties. Any comments on the text by the Parties shall be communicated to the Agreement secretariat not less than sixty days before the opening of the session. The Secretariat shall, as soon as possible after the last day for submission of comments, communicate to the Parties all comments submitted by that day.

An amendment to the Agreement other than an amendment to its annexes shall be adopted by a twothirds majority of the Parties present and voting and shall enter into force for those Parties which have accepted it on the thirtieth day after the date on which two thirds of the Parties to the Agreement at the two thirds of the Parties have deposited their instruments of acceptance, the amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date on which it deposits its instrument of acceptance.

Any additional annexes and any amendment to an annex shall be adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Parties present and voting and shall enter into force for all Parties on the ninetieth day after the date of its adoption by the Meeting of the Parties, except for Parties which have entered a reservation in accordance with paragraph 6 of this Article.

During the period of ninety days provided for in paragraph 5 of this Article, any Party may by written notification to the Depositary enter a reservation with respect to an additional annex or an amendment to an annex. Such reservation may be withdrawn at any time by written notification to the Depositary, and thereupon the additional annex or the amendment shall enter into force for that Party on the thirtieth day after the date of withdrawal of the reservation. ARTICLE XI Effect of this Agreement on International Conventions and Legislation

The provisions of this Agreement do not affect the rights and obligations of any Party deriving from existing international treaties, conventions or agreements.

The provisions of this Agreement shall in no way affect the right of any Party to maintain or adopt stricter measures for the conservation of migratory waterbirds and their habitats.

Any dispute which may arise between two or more Parties with respect to the interpretation or application of the provisions of this Agreement shall be subject to negotiation between the Parties involved in the dispute.

If the dispute cannot be resolved in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article, the Parties may, by mutual consent, submit the dispute to arbitration, in particular that of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, and the Parties submitting the dispute shall be bound by the arbitral decision. ARTICLE XIII Signature, Ratification, Acceptance, Approval, Accession

This Agreement shall be open for signature by any Range State, whether or not areas under its jurisdiction lie within the Agreement Area, or regional economic integration organization, at least one member of which is a Range State, either by: (a) signature without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval; or (b) signature with reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval, followed by ratification, acceptance or approval.

This Agreement shall remain open for signature at The Hague until the date of its entry into force.

This Agreement shall be open for accession by any Range State or regional economic integration organization mentioned in paragraph 1 above on and after the date of entry into force of the Agreement.

Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.

This Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the third month after at least fourteen Range States or regional economic integration organizations, comprising at least seven from Africa and seven from Eurasia, have signed without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval, or have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval in accordance with Article XIII of this Agreement.

For any Range State or regional economic integration organization which has: (a) signed without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance, or approval; (b) ratified, accepted, or approved; or (c) acceded to this Agreement after the date on which the number of Range States and regional economic integration organizations necessary to enable entry into force have signed it without reservation or have ratified, accepted or approved it, this Agreement shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the signature without reservation, or deposit, by that State or organization, of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. ARTICLE XV Reservations The provisions of this Agreement shall not be subject to general reservations. However, a specific reservation may be entered by any State or regional economic integration organization on signature without reservation in respect of ratification, acceptance or approval or, as the case may be, on depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession in respect of any species covered by the Agreement or any specific provision of the Action Plan. Such a reservation may be withdrawn at any time by the State or regional economic integration organisation which had entered it, by notification in writing to the Depositary; such a State or organization shall not be bound by the provisions which are the object of the reservation until thirty days after the date on which the reservation has been withdrawn. Any Party may denounce this Agreement by written notification to the Depositary at any time. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after the date on which the Depositary has received the notification. ARTICLE XVII Depositary

The original of this Agreement, in the Arabic, English, French and Russian languages, each version being equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands which shall be the Depositary. The Depositary shall transmit certified copies of these versions to all States and regional economic integration organizations referred to in Article XIII, paragraph 1, of this Agreement, and to the Agreement secretariat after it has been established.

As soon as this Agreement enters into force, a certified copy thereof shall be transmitted by the Depositary to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

The Depositary shall inform all States and regional economic integration organizations that have signed or acceded to the Agreement, and the Agreement secretariat, of: (a) any signature; (b) any deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession; (c) the date of entry into force of this Agreement and of any additional annex as well as of any amendment to the Agreement or to its annexes; (d) any reservation with respect to an additional annex or to an amendment to an annex; (e) any notification of withdrawal of a reservation; and (f) any notification of denunciation of the Agreement. The Depositary shall transmit to all States and regional economic integration organizations that have signed or acceded to this Agreement, and to the Agreement secretariat, the text of any reservation, of any additional annex and of any amendment to the Agreement or to its annexes. In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Agreement. The boundary of the Agreement area is defined as follows: from the North Pole south along the 130o W line of longitude to 75o N; thence east and southeast through Viscount Melville Sound, Prince Regent Inlet, the Gulf of Boothia, Foxe Basin, Foxe Channel and Hudson Strait to a point in the northwest Atlantic at 60o N, 60o W; thence southeast through the northwest Atlantic to a point at 50o N, 30o W; thence south along the 30o W line of longitude to 10o N; thence southeast to the Equator at 20o W; thence south along the 20o W line of longitude to 40o S; thence east along the 40o S line of latitude to 60o E; thence north along the 60o E line of longitude to 35o N; thence eastnortheast on a great circle to a point in the western Altai at 49o N, 87o 27'E; thence northeast on a great circle to the coast of the Arctic Ocean at 130o E; thence north along the 130o E line of longitude to the North Pole. The outline of the Agreement Area is illustrated on the following map. Family ANATIDAE (ducks, geese, swans) Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Whistling-duck Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling-duck Thalassornis leuconotus White-backed Duck Oxyura maccoa Maccoa Duck Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck Cygnus olor Mute Swan Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Branta bernicla Brent Goose Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose Branta ruficollis Red-breasted Goose Anser anser Greylag Goose Anser fabalis Bean Goose Anser brachyrhynchus Pink-footed Goose Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Somateria spectabilis King Eider Somateria mollissima Common Eider Polysticta stelleri Steller's Eider Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Melanitta nigra Common Scoter Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Mergellus albellus Smew Mergus merganser Goosander Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian Goose Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna cana South African Shelduck Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose Sarkidiornis melanotos African Comb Duck Nettapus auritus African Pygmy-goose Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Teal Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard Netta erythrophthalma Southern Pochard Aythya ferina Common Pochard Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Pochard Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck Aythya marila Greater Scaup Spatula querquedula Garganey Spatula hottentota Spotted Teal Spatula clypeata Northern Shoveler Mareca strepera Gadwall Mareca penelope Eurasian Wigeon 1 As amended by the 8th Session of the Meeting of the Parties to AEWA, 26 - 30 September 2022, Budapest, Hungary. Anas capensis Cape Teal Anas erythrorhyncha Red-billed Teal Anas acuta Northern Pintail Anas crecca Common Teal Family PODICIPEDIDAE (grebes) Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE (flamingos) Phoenicopterus roseus Greater Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor Lesser Flamingo Family PHAETHONTIDAE (tropicbirds) Phaethon aethereus Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus White-tailed Tropicbird Family RALLIDAE (rails, gallinules, coots) Sarothrura elegans Buff-spotted Flufftail Sarothrura boehmi Streaky-breasted Flufftail Sarothrura ayresi White-winged Flufftail Rallus aquaticus Western Water Rail Rallus caerulescens African Rail Crex egregia African Crake Crex crex Corncrake Porzana porzana Spotted Crake Zapornia flavirostra Black Crake Zapornia parva Little Crake Zapornia pusilla Baillon's Crake Amaurornis marginalis Striped Crake Porphyrio alleni Allen’s Gallinule Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Paragallinula angulata Lesser Moorhen Fulica cristata Red-knobbed Coot Fulica atra Common Coot Family GRUIDAE (cranes) Balearica regulorum Grey Crowned Crane Balearica pavonina Black Crowned Crane Leucogeranus leucogeranus Siberian Crane Bugeranus carunculatus Wattled Crane Anthropoides paradiseus Blue Crane Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane Grus grus Common Crane Gavia arctica Black-throated Loon Gavia immer Common Loon Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon Family SPHENISCIDAE (penguins) Spheniscus demersus African Penguin Family CICONIIDAE (storks) Leptoptilos crumenifer Marabou Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork Anastomus lamelligerus African Openbill Ciconia nigra Black Stork Ciconia abdimii Abdim’s Stork Ciconia microscelis African Woollyneck Ciconia ciconia White Stork Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE (ibises, spoonbills) Platalea alba African Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill Threskiornis aethiopicus African Sacred Ibis Geronticus eremita Northern Bald Ibis Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Family ARDEIDAE (herons) Botaurus stellaris Eurasian Bittern Ixobrychus minutus Common Little Bittern Ixobrychus sturmii Dwarf Bittern Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-heron Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron Ardeola idae Madagascar Pond-heron Ardeola rufiventris Rufous-bellied Heron Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ardea melanocephala Black-headed Heron Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Ardea alba Great White Egret Ardea brachyrhyncha Yellow-billed Egret Egretta ardesiaca Black Heron Egretta vinaceigula Slaty Egret Egretta garzetta Little Egret Egretta gularis Western Reef-egret Family BALAENICIPITIDAE (shoebill) Balaeniceps rex Shoebill Family PELECANIDAE (pelicans) Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican Family FREGATIDAE (frigatebirds) Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird Fregata minor Great Frigatebird Family SULIDAE (gannets, boobies) Morus bassanus Northern Gannet Morus capensis Cape Gannet Sula dactylatra Masked Booby Family PHALACROCORACIDAE (cormorants) Microcarbo coronatus Crowned Cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus Pygmy Cormorant Gulosus aristotelis European Shag Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis Cape Cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Socotra Cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus Bank Cormorant Family BURHINIDAE (thick-knees) Burhinus senegalensis Senegal Thick-knee Family PLUVIANIDAE (Egyptian plover) Pluvianus aegyptius Egyptian Plover Family HAEMATOPODIDAE (oystercatchers) Haematopus moquini African Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus Eurasian Oystercatcher Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE (avocets, stilts) Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Family CHARADRIIDAE (plovers) Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover Pluvialis apricaria Eurasian Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Eudromias morinellus Eurasian Dotterel Charadrius hiaticula Common Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Charadrius pecuarius Kittlitz's Plover Charadrius tricollaris African Three-banded Plover Charadrius forbesi Forbes's Plover Charadrius marginatus White-fronted Plover Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Charadrius pallidus Chestnut-banded Plover Charadrius asiaticus Caspian Plover Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing Vanellus spinosus Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus albiceps White-headed Lapwing Vanellus lugubris Senegal Lapwing Vanellus melanopterus Black-winged Lapwing Vanellus coronatus Crowned Lapwing Vanellus senegallus Wattled Lapwing Vanellus superciliosus Brown-chested Lapwing Vanellus gregarius Sociable Lapwing Vanellus leucurus White-tailed Lapwing Family SCOLOPACIDAE (sandpipers, snipes, phalaropes) Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Numenius tenuirostris Slender-billed Curlew Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot Calidris canutus Red Knot Calidris pugnax Ruff Calidris falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Calidris alba Sanderling Calidris alpina Dunlin Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper Calidris minuta Little Stint Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe Gallinago media Great Snipe Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius Red Phalarope Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Tringa totanus Common Redshank Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Family DROMADIDAE (crab-plover) Dromas ardeola Crab-plover Family GLAREOLIDAE (coursers, pratincoles) Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole Glareola nordmanni Black-winged Pratincole Glareola cinerea Grey Pratincole Family LARIDAE (gulls, terns, skimmers) Anous stolidus Brown Noddy Anous tenuirostris Lesser Noddy Rynchops flavirostris African Skimmer Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull Xema sabini Sabine’s Gull Rissa tridactyla Black-legged Kittiwake Larus genei Slender-billed Gull Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Larus hartlaubii Hartlaub’s Gull Larus cirrocephalus Grey-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus Pallas’s Gull Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull Larus hemprichii Sooty Gull Larus leucophthalmus White-eyed Gull Larus audouinii Audouin's Gull Larus canus Mew Gull Larus dominicanus Kelp Gull Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus argentatus European Herring Gull Larus armenicus Armenian Gull Larus michahellis Yellow-legged Gull Larus cachinnans Caspian Gull Larus glaucoides Iceland Gull Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Gull Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull Onychoprion fuscatus Sooty Tern Onychoprion anaethetus Bridled Tern Sternula albifrons Little Tern Sternula saundersi Saunders's Tern Sternula balaenarum Damara Tern Gelochelidon nilotica Common Gull-billed Tern Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern Chlidonias niger Black Tern Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern Sterna hirundo Common Tern Sterna repressa White-cheeked Tern Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern Sterna vittata Antarctic Tern Thalasseus bengalensis Lesser Crested Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern Thalasseus maximus Royal Tern Thalasseus bergii Greater Crested Tern Family STERCORARIIDAE (skuas) Stercorarius longicaudus Long-tailed Jaeger Catharacta skua Great Skua Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot Alca torda Razorbill Alle alle Little Auk Uria lomvia Thick-billed Murre Uria aalge Common Murre

Field of Application 1.1 The Action Plan is applicable to the populations of migratory waterbirds listed in Table 1 to this Annex (hereafter referred to as "Table 1"). 1.2 Table 1 forms an integral part of this Annex. Any reference to this Action Plan includes a reference to Table 1.

Species Conservation 2.1 Legal measures 2.1.1 Parties with populations listed in Column A of Table 1 shall provide protection to those populations listed in accordance with Article III, paragraph 2(a), of this Agreement. Such Parties shall in particular and subject to paragraph 2.1.3 below: (a) prohibit the taking of birds and eggs of those populations occurring in their territory; (b) prohibit deliberate disturbance in so far as such disturbance would be significant for the conservation of the population concerned; and (c) prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds or eggs of those populations which have been taken in contravention of the prohibitions laid down pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, as well as the possession or utilization of, and trade in, any readily recognizable parts or derivatives of such birds and their eggs. By way of exception for those populations listed in Categories 2 and 3 in Column A and which are marked by an asterisk, and those populations listed in Category 4 in Column A, hunting may continue on a sustainable use basis3 . This sustainable use shall be conducted within the framework of an international species action plan, through which Parties will endeavour to implement the principles of adaptive harvest management.4 Such use shall, as a minimum, be subject to the same legal measures as the taking of birds from populations listed in Column B of Table 1, as required in paragraph 2.1.2 below. 2.1.2 Parties with populations listed in Table 1 shall regulate the taking of birds and eggs of all populations listed in Column B of Table 1. The object of such legal measures shall be to maintain or contribute to the restoration of those populations to a favourable conservation status and to ensure, on the basis of the best available knowledge of population dynamics, that any taking or other use is sustainable. Such legal measures, subject to paragraph 2.1.3 below, shall in particular: 2 As amended by the 8th Session of the Meeting of the Parties to AEWA, 26 - 30 September 2022, Budapest, Hungary. 3 “Sustainable use” means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations. 4 Adaptive harvest management is the periodic process of setting hunting regulations based on a system of population and habitat monitoring, havest-level recording, data analysis and defining regulatory options. unfavourable impact on the conservation status of the population concerned; (b) regulate the modes of taking, and in particular prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means of taking and the use of all means capable of causing mass destructions, as well as local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to, populations of a species, including: - snares, - limes, - hooks, - live birds which are blind or mutilated used as decoys, - tape recorders and other electronic devices, - electrocuting devices, - artificial light sources, - mirrors and other dazzling devices, - devices for illuminating targets, - sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter, - explosives, - nets, - traps, - poison, - poisoned or anesthetic baits, - semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition, hunting from aircraft, motor vehicles, or boats driven at a speed exceeding 5 km p/h (18 km p/h on the open sea). Parties may grant exemptions from the prohibitions laid down in paragraph 2.1.2 (b) to accommodate use for livelihood purposes, where sustainable; (c) establish limits on taking, where appropriate, and provide adequate controls to ensure that these limits are observed; and (d) prohibit the possession or utilization of, and trade in, birds and eggs of the populations which have been taken in contravention of any prohibition laid down pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, as well as the possession or utilization of, and trade in, any readily recognizable parts or derivatives of such birds and their eggs. 2.1.3 Parties may grant exemptions to the prohibitions laid down in paragraphs 2.1.1 and 2.1.2, irrespective of the provisions of Article III, paragraph 5, of the Convention, where there is no other satisfactory solution, for the following purposes: (a) to prevent serious damage to crops, water and fisheries; (b) in the interests of air safety, public health and public safety, or for other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance to the environment; (c) for the purpose of research and education, of re-establishment and for the breeding necessary for these purposes; (d) to permit under strictly supervised conditions, on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking and keeping or other judicious use of certain birds in small numbers; and (e) for the purpose of enhancing the propagation or survival of the populations concerned. secretariat of any exemptions granted pursuant to this provision. 2.2 Single Species Action Plans 2.2.1 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing and implementing international single species action plans for populations listed in Category 1 of Column A of Table 1 as a priority and for those populations listed with an asterisk in Column A of Table 1. The Agreement secretariat shall coordinate the development, harmonization and implementation of such plans. 2.2.2 Parties shall prepare and implement national single species action plans for the populations listed in Column A of Table 1 with a view to improving their overall conservation status. This action plan shall include special provisions for those populations marked with an asterisk. When appropriate, the problem of accidental killing of birds by hunters as a result of incorrect identification of the species should be considered. 2.3 Emergency Measures Parties shall, in close cooperation with each other whenever possible and relevant, develop and implement emergency measures for populations listed in Table 1, when exceptionally unfavourable or endangering conditions occur anywhere in the Agreement Area. 2.4 Re-establishments Parties shall exercise the greatest care when re-establishing populations listed in Table 1 into parts of their traditional range where they no longer exist. They shall endeavour to develop and follow a detailed re-establishment plan based on appropriate scientific studies. Re-establishment plans should constitute an integral part of national and, where appropriate, international single species action plans. A reestablishment plan should include assessment of the impact on the environment and shall be made widely available. Parties shall inform the Agreement secretariat, in advance, of all re-establishment programme for populations listed in Table 1. 2.5 Introductions 2.5.1 Parties shall prohibit the introduction into the environment of non-native species of animals and plants which may be detrimental to the populations listed in Table 1. 2.5.2 Parties shall require the taking of appropriate precautions to avoid the accidental escape of captive animals belonging to non-native species, which may be detrimental to the populations listed in Table 1. 2.5.3 Parties shall take measures to the extent feasible and appropriate, including taking, to ensure that when non-native species or hybrids thereof have already been introduced into their territory, those species or their hybrids do not pose a potential hazard to the populations listed in Table 1. 3.1.1 Parties, in liaison where appropriate with competent international organizations, shall undertake and publish national inventories of the habitats within their territory which are important to the populations listed in Table 1. 3.1.2 Parties shall endeavour, as a matter of priority, to identify all sites of international or national importance for populations listed in Table 1. 3.2 Conservation of Areas 3.2.1 Parties shall endeavour to continue establishing protected areas to conserve habitats important for the populations listed in Table 1, and to develop and implement management plans for these areas. 3.2.2 Parties shall endeavour to give special protection to those wetlands5 which meet internationally accepted criteria of international importance. 3.2.3 Parties shall endeavour to make wise and sustainable use of all of the wetlands in their territory. In particular they shall endeavour to avoid degradation and loss of habitats that support populations listed in Table 1 through the introduction of appropriate regulations or standards and control measures. In particular, they shall endeavour to: (a) ensure, where practicable, that adequate statutory controls are in place, relating to the use of agricultural chemicals, pest control procedures and the disposal of waste water, which are in accordance with international norms, for the purpose of minimizing their adverse impacts on the populations listed in Table 1; and (b) prepare and distribute information materials, in the appropriate languages, describing such regulations, standards and control measures in force and their benefits to people and wildlife. 3.2.4 Parties shall endeavour to develop strategies, according to an ecosystem approach, for the conservation of the habitats of all populations listed in Table 1, including the habitats of those populations that are dispersed. 3.3 Rehabilitation and Restoration Parties shall endeavour to rehabilitate or restore, where feasible and appropriate, areas which were previously important for the populations listed in Table 1, including areas that suffer degradation as a result of the impacts of factors such as climate change, hydrological change, agriculture, spread of aquatic invasive non-native species, natural succession, uncontrolled fires, unsustainable use, eutrophication and pollution.

Management of Human Activities 4.1 Hunting 4.1.1 Parties shall cooperate to ensure that their hunting legislation implements the principle of sustainable use as envisaged in this Action Plan, taking into account the full geographical range of the waterbird populations concerned and their life history characteristics. 5 For the purposes of the implementation of AEWA, the definition of “wetlands” as provided by Article 1.1 of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat shall apply. 4.1.3 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing a reliable and harmonized system for the collection of harvest data in order to assess the annual harvest of populations listed in Table 1. They shall provide the Agreement secretariat with estimates of the total annual take for each population, when available. 4.1.4 Parties shall endeavour to phase out the use of lead shot for hunting in wetlands as soon as possible in accordance with self-imposed and published timetables. 4.1.5 … 4.1.6 Parties shall develop and implement measures to reduce, and as far as possible eliminate, illegal taking. 4.1.7 Where appropriate, Parties shall encourage hunters, at local, national and international levels, to form clubs or organizations to coordinate their activities and to help ensure sustainability. 4.1.8 Parties shall, where appropriate, promote the requirement of a proficiency test for hunters, including among other things, bird identification. 4.2 Eco-tourism 4.2.1 Parties shall encourage, where appropriate but not in the case of core zones of protected areas, the elaboration of cooperative programmes between all concerned to develop sensitive and appropriate ecotourism at wetlands holding concentrations of populations listed in Table 1. 4.2.2 Parties, in cooperation with competent international organisations, shall endeavour to evaluate the costs, benefits and other consequences that can result from eco-tourism at selected wetlands with concentrations of populations listed in Table 1. They shall communicate the results of any such evaluations to the Agreement secretariat. 4.3 Other Human Activities 4.3.1 Parties shall assess the impact of proposed projects which are likely to lead to conflicts between populations listed in Table 1 that are in the areas referred to in paragraph 3.2 and human interests, and shall make the results of the assessment publicly available. 4.3.2 Parties shall endeavour to gather information on the damage, in particular to crops and to fisheries, caused by populations listed in Table 1, and report the results to the Agreement secretariat. 4.3.3 Parties shall cooperate with a view to identifying appropriate techniques to minimize damage, or to mitigate the effects of damage, in particular to crops and to fisheries, caused by populations listed in Table 1, drawing on the experience gained elsewhere in the world. 4.3.4 Parties shall cooperate with a view to developing single species management plans for populations which cause significant damage, in particular to crops and to fisheries. The Agreement secretariat shall coordinate the development and harmonization of such plans. 4.3.5 Parties shall, as far as possible, promote high environmental standards in the planning and construction of structures to minimize their impact on populations listed in Table 1. They should consider steps to minimize the impact of structures already in existence where it becomes evident that they constitute a negative impact for the populations concerned. 4.3.6 In cases where human disturbance threatens the conservation status of waterbird populations listed in Table 1, Parties should endeavour to take measures to limit the level of threat. Special attention should be given to the problem of human disturbance at breeding colonies of colonially-nesting waterbirds, especially when they are situated in the areas which are popular for outdoor recreation. Appropriate 4.3.7 Parties are urged to take appropriate actions nationally or through the framework of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and relevant international organisations to minimise the impact of fisheries6 on migratory waterbirds, and where possible cooperate within these forums, in order to decrease the mortality in areas within and beyond national jurisdiction; appropriate measures shall especially address incidental killing and bycatch in fishing gear including the use of gill nets, longlines and trawling. 4.3.8 Parties are also urged to take appropriate actions nationally or through the framework of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and relevant international organisations to minimise the impact of fisheries on migratory waterbirds resulting in particular from unsustainable fishing that causes depletion of food resources for migratory waterbirds. 4.3.9 Parties shall establish and effectively enforce adequate statutory pollution controls in accordance with international norms and legal agreements, particularly as related to oil spills, discharge and dumping of solid wastes, for the purpose of minimizing their impacts on the populations listed in Table 1. 4.3.10 Parties shall establish appropriate measures, ideally to eliminate or otherwise to mitigate the threat from non-native terrestrial predators to breeding migratory waterbirds on islands and islets. Measures should refer to contingency planning to prevent invasion, emergency responses to remove introduced predators, and restoration programmes for islands where predator populations are already established. 4.3.11 Parties are urged to establish appropriate measures to tackle threats to migratory waterbirds from aquaculture, including environmental assessment for developments that threaten wetlands of importance for waterbirds, especially when dealing with new or enlargement of existing installations, and involving issues such as pollution (e.g. from residues of pharmaceutical treatments used in aquaculture or eutrophication), habitat loss, entanglement risks, and introduction of non-native and potentially invasive species.” 4.3.12 Parties, the Agreement secretariat and the Technical Committee will as appropriate work together to provide further documentation on the nature and scale of the effects of lead fishing weights on waterbirds and to consider that documentation, noting that lead in general poses a threat to the environment with harmful effects on waterbirds. Parties will, as appropriate, seek alternatives to lead fishing weights, taking into consideration the impact on waterbirds and water quality.

Research and Monitoring 5.1 Parties shall endeavour to carry out survey work in poorly known areas, which may hold important concentrations of the populations listed in Table 1. The results of such surveys shall be disseminated widely. 5.2 Parties shall endeavour to monitor the populations listed in Table 1. The results of such monitoring shall be published or sent to appropriate international organizations, to enable reviews of population status and trends. 5.3 Parties shall cooperate to improve the measurement of bird population trends as a criterion for describing the status of such populations. 6 “fisheries” includes aquaculture and refers to either marine or freshwater fish, crustaceans, and molluscs (e.g. bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods). by participating in coordinated ringing programmes. 5.5 Parties shall endeavour to initiate and support joint research projects into the ecology and population dynamics of populations listed in Table 1 and their habitats, in order to determine their specific requirements as well as the techniques which are the most appropriate for their conservation and management. 5.6 Parties shall endeavour to undertake studies on the effects of wetland loss and degradation and disturbance on the carrying capacity of wetlands used by the populations listed in Table 1 and on the migration patterns of such populations. 5.7 Parties shall endeavour to undertake studies on the impact of hunting and trade on the populations listed in Table 1 and on the importance of these forms of utilization to the local and national economy. 5.8 Parties shall endeavour to cooperate with relevant international organisations and to support research and monitoring projects.

Education and Information 6.1 Parties shall, where necessary, arrange for training programmes to ensure that personnel responsible for the implementation of this Action Plan have an adequate knowledge to implement it effectively. 6.2 Parties shall cooperate with each other and the Agreement secretariat with a view to developing training programmes and exchanging resource materials. 6.3 Parties shall endeavour to develop programmes, information materials and mechanisms to improve the level of awareness of the general public with regard to the objectives, provisions and contents of this Action Plan. In this regard, particular attention shall be given to those people living in and around important wetlands, to users of these wetlands (hunters, fishermen, tourists, etc.) and to local authorities and other decision makers. 6.4 Parties shall endeavour to undertake specific public awareness campaigns for the conservation of the populations listed in Table 1.

Implementation 7.1 When implementing this Action Plan, Parties shall, when appropriate, give priority to those populations listed in Column A of Table 1. 7.2 Where, in the case of populations listed in Table 1, more than one population of the same species occurs on the territory of a Party, that Party shall apply conservation measures appropriate to the population or populations that have the poorest conservation status. 7.3 The Agreement secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and with the assistance of experts from Range States, shall coordinate the development of conservation guidelines in accordance with Article IV, paragraph 4, of this Agreement to assist the Parties in the implementation of this Action Plan. The Agreement secretariat shall ensure, where possible, coherence with guidelines approved under other international instruments. These conservation guidelines shall aim at introducing the principle of sustainable use. They shall cover, inter alia: (a) single species action plans; (b) emergency measures; (c) preparation of site inventories and habitat management methods; (f) tourism; (g) reducing crop damage; and (h) a waterbird monitoring protocol. 7.4 The Agreement secretariat, in coordination with the Technical Committee and the Parties, shall prepare a series of international reviews necessary for the implementation of this Action Plan, including: (a) reports on the status and trends of populations; (b) gaps in information from surveys; (c) the networks of sites used by each population, including reviews of the protection status of each site as well as of the management measures taken in each case; (d) pertinent hunting and trade legislation in each country relating to the species listed in Annex 2 to this Agreement; (e) the stage of preparation and implementation of single species action plans; (f) re-establishment projects; and (g) the status of introduced non-native waterbird species and hybrids thereof. 7.5 The Agreement secretariat shall endeavour to ensure that the reviews mentioned in paragraph 7.4 are updated at the following intervals: (a) every session of the Meeting of the Parties; (b) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (c) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (d) – every third session of the Meeting of the Parties; (e) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties; (f) – every third session of the Meeting of the Parties; (g) – every second session of the Meeting of the Parties. 7.6 The Technical Committee shall assess the guidelines and reviews prepared under paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4, and shall formulate draft recommendations and resolutions relating to their development, content and implementation for consideration at sessions of the Meeting of the Parties. 7.7 The Agreement secretariat shall regularly undertake a review of potential mechanisms for providing additional resources (funds and technical assistance) for the implementation of this Action Plan, and shall make a report to each ordinary session of the Meeting of the Parties. KEY TO CLASSIFICATION The following key to Table 1 is a basis for implementation of the Action Plan: Column A Category 1: (a) Species, which are included in Appendix I to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory species of Wild Animals; (b) Species, which are listed as threatened on the IUCN Red list of Threatened Species, as reported in the most recent summary by BirdLife International; or (c) Populations, which number less than around 10,000 individuals. Category 2: Populations numbering between around 10,000 and around 25,000 individuals. Category 3: Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000 individuals and considered to be at risk as a result of: (a) Concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual cycle; (b) Dependence on a habitat type, which is under severe threat; (c) Showing long-term decline; (d) Showing large fluctuations in population size or trend; (e) Showing rapid short-term decline; or (f) Being data deficient. Category 4: Species, which are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatenend species, as reported in the most recent summary by BirdLife International, but do not fulfil the conditions in respect of Categories 1, 2 or 3, as described above, and which are pertinent for international action. For species listed in Categories 2, 3 and 4 above, see paragraph 2.1.1 of the Action Plan contained in Annex 3 to the Agreement. Column B Category 1: Populations numbering between around 25,000 and around 100,000 individuals and which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of Column A, as described above. Category 2: Populations numbering more than around 100,000 individuals, which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of Column A, and considered to be in need of special attention as a result of: (a) Concentration onto a small number of sites at any stage of their annual cycle; (b) Dependence on a habitat type, which is under severe threat; (c) Showing long-term decline; (d) Showing large fluctuations in population size or trend; (e) Showing rapid short-term decline; or (f) Being data deficient. a/Table 1, “Status of the populations of migratory waterbirds” forms part of the Action Plan contained in Annex 3 to the Agreement. 7 As amended by the 8th Session of the Meeting of the Parties to AEWA, 26 - 30 September 2022, Budapest, Hungary. benefit from international cooperation and which do not fulfil the conditions in respect of either Column A or Column B, above. (a) Reviewed regularly by the Technical Committee in accordance with article VII, paragraph 3(b), of the Agreement; and (b) Amended as necessary by the Meeting of the Parties, in accordance with article VI, paragraph 9(d) of the Agreement, in light of the conclusions of such reviews. DEFINITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS USED IN RANGE DESCRIPTIONS Note that waterbird ranges respect biological, not political, boundaries and that precise alignment of biological and political entities is extremely unusual. The range desctiptions used have no political significance and are for general guidance only, and for concise, mapped summaries of waterbird ranges, practitioners should consult the Critical Site Network Tool internet portal: http://criticalsites.wetlands.org/en North Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. West Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo. Eastern Africa Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania. North-west Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. North-east Africa Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan. Southern Africa Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Central Africa Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe. Sub-Saharan Africa All African states south of the Sahara. Tropical Africa Sub-Saharan Africa excluding Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa. Western Palearctic As defined in Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (Cramp & Simmons 1977). North-west Europe Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Western Europe North-west Europe with Portugal and Spain. North-east Europe The northern part of the Russian Federation west of the Urals. Central Europe Austria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Poland, the Russian Federation around the Gulf of Finland and Kaliningrad, Slovakia, Switzerland. South-west Europe Mediterranean France, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain. South-east Europe Albania, Armenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, North Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Türkiye. South Europe South-west Europe and South-east Europe, as defined above. North Atlantic Faroes, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, the north-west coast of the Russian Federation, Svalbard, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. East Atlantic Atlantic seaboard of Europe and North Africa from northern Norway to Morocco. Western Siberia The Russian Federation east of the Urals to the Yenisey River and south to the Kazakhstan border. Central Siberia The Russian Federation from the Yenisey River to the eastern boundary of the Taimyr Peninsula and south to the Altai Mountains. West Mediterranean Algeria, France, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Tunisia. East Mediterranean Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Libya, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, the Syrian Arab Republic, North Macedonia, Türkiye. Black Sea Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Türkiye, Ukraine. Caspian Azerbaijan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kazakhstan, South-west Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. South-west Asia Bahrain, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Syrian Arab Republic, eastern Türkiye, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Gulf The Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea west to the Gulf of Aden. Western Asia Western parts of the Russian Federation east of the Urals and the Caspian countries. Central Asia Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Southern Asia Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Indian Ocean Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles. N: Northern E: Eastern S: Southern W: Western NE: North-eastern NW: North-western SE: South-eastern SW: South-western (): The population status is uncertain. The conservation status is estimated based on statistically uncertain trend or unknown population size. *: By way of exception for those populations listed in Categories 2 and 3 in Column A and which are marked by an asterisk, hunting may continue on a sustainable use basis. This sustainable use shall be conducted within the framework of special provisions of an international species action plan, which shall seek to implement the principles of adaptive harvest management (see paragraph 2.1.1 of Annex 3 to the Agreement). NOTES

The population data used to compile Table 1 as far as possible correspond to the number of individuals in the potential breeding stock in the Agreement area. The status is based on the best available published population estimates.

Suffixes (bre) or (win) in population listings are solely aids to population identification. They do not indicate seasonal restrictions to actions in respect of these populations under the Agreement and Action Plan.

The brief descriptions used to identify the populations are based on the descriptions used in the most recently published edition of Waterbird Population Estimates.

Slash signs (/) are used to separate breeding areas from wintering areas.

Where a species’ population is listed in Table 1 with multiple categorisations, the obligations of the Action Plan relate to the strictest category listed. ɈȰ ɇɉɀȲȰȿȿɃɀȵɁȰ ɀȵɆȸ, ɉɅȵɁȺɉɀȻȷɃɁɈȰɇ ʊʏɿ ɻ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻ ʏʉʐ 1979 ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʏɻʎ ɳɶʌɿɲʎ ʋɲʆʀɷɲʎ ɸʆɽɲʌʌʑʆɸɿ ʏɻ ɷɿɸɽʆɼ ʍʐʆɸʌɶɲʍʀɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ, ɉɅȵɁȺɉɀȻȷɃɁɈȰɇ ʋɸʌɲɿʏɹʌʘ ʊʏɿ ɻ ʋʌʙʏɻ ʍʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏɻʎ ȴɿɳʍʃɸʗɻʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ, ɻ ʉʋʉʀɲ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉɿɼɽɻʃɸ ʍʏɻ Ȳʊʆʆɻ ʏʉʆ Ƀʃʏʙɴʌɿʉ ʏʉʐ 1985, ʐʋɹɷɸɿʇɸ ʍʏɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ ʆɲ ʄɳɴɸɿ ʏɲ ʃɲʏɳʄʄɻʄɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʅʊʌʔʘʍɻ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ Anatidae ʏɻʎ ɷʐʏɿʃɼʎ ʋɲʄɲɿʉɲʌʃʏɿʃɼʎ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼʎ, ȵȾɈȻɀɏɁɈȰɇ ʊʏɿ ʏɲ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃɳ ʐɷʌʊɴɿɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ ɲʋʉʏɸʄʉʑʆ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃʊ ʅɹʌʉʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɲɶʃʊʍʅɿɲʎ ɴɿʉʋʉɿʃɿʄʊʏɻʏɲʎ, ɻ ʉʋʉʀɲ ʍʑʅʔʘʆɲ ʅɸ ʏʉ ʋʆɸʑʅɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ ʏʉʐ 1992 ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɴɿʉʄʉɶɿʃɼ ʋʉɿʃɿʄʊʏɻʏɲ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ Agenda 21, ʋʌɹʋɸɿ ʆɲ ɷɿɲʏɻʌɻɽɸʀ ʋʌʉʎ ʊʔɸʄʉʎ ʏʘʆ ʍʑɶʖʌʉʆʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʏʘʆ ʅɸʄʄʉʆʏɿʃʙʆ ɶɸʆɸʙʆ, ȵɍɃɁɈȰɇ ȵɅȻȳɁɏɇȸ ʏʘʆ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃʙʆ, ʃʉɿʆʘʆɿʃʙʆ, ʋʉʄɿʏɿʍʏɿʃʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʗʐʖɲɶʘɶɿʃʙʆ ʉʔɸʄʙʆ ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏʉʐʆ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɲʋʊʄɻʗɻ ʉʌɿʍʅɹʆʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ʋɸʌɿɴɲʄʄʉʆʏɿʃɼʎ, ʉɿʃʉʄʉɶɿʃɼʎ, ɶɸʆɸʏɿʃɼʎ, ɸʋɿʍʏɻʅʉʆɿʃɼʎ, ɲɿʍɽɻʏɿʃɼʎ, ʗʐʖɲɶʘɶɿʃɼʎ, ʋʉʄɿʏɿʍʏɿʃɼʎ, ɸʃʋɲɿɷɸʐʏɿʃɼʎ, ʃʉɿʆʘʆɿʃɼʎ ʃɲɿ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃɼʎ ɲʇʀɲʎ ʏʘʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ɸʆ ɶɹʆɸɿ, ɅȵɅȵȻɇɀȵɁȰ ʊʏɿ ʃɳɽɸ ɲʋʊʄɻʗɻ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʋʌɹʋɸɿ ʆɲ ɷɿɸʆɸʌɶɸʀʏɲɿ ʍɸ ɴɿʙʍɿʅɻ ɴɳʍɻ, ʍʐʆɸʃʏɿʅʙʆʏɲʎ ʏɻʆ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ʍʐɶʃɸʃʌɿʅɹʆʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʍɸ ʉʄʊʃʄɻʌɻ ʏɻ ɺʙʆɻ ɸʇɳʋʄʘʍɼʎ ʏʉʐʎ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɲ ʉɿʃɸʀɲ ɴɿʉʄʉɶɿʃɳ ʖɲʌɲʃʏɻʌɿʍʏɿʃɳ, ȵɍɃɁɈȰɇ ɇɉɁȵȻȴȸɇȸ ʏʉʐ ɶɸɶʉʆʊʏʉʎ ʊʏɿ ʏɲ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃɳ ʐɷʌʊɴɿɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɿɷɿɲɿʏɹʌʘʎ ɸʐɳʄʘʏɲ ɷɸɷʉʅɹʆʉʐ ʊʏɿ ɲʋʉɷɻʅʉʑʆ ʃɲʄʑʋʏʉʆʏɲʎ ʅɸɶɳʄɸʎ ɲʋʉʍʏɳʍɸɿʎ ʃɲɿ ɸʇɲʌʏʙʆʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ɷʀʃʏʐɲ ʐɶʌʉʏʊʋʘʆ, ɻ ɹʃʏɲʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʉʋʉʀʘʆ ʍʐʆɸʖʙʎ ʍʐʌʌɿʃʆʙʆɸʏɲɿ, ʋɸʌɿʉʌʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʍɸ ɹʃʏɲʍɻ ʃɲɿ ʐʋʉɴɲɽʅʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʄʊɶʘ ʅɻ ɴɿʙʍɿʅʘʆ ɲʆɽʌʘʋʀʆʘʆ ɷʌɲʍʏɻʌɿʉʏɼʏʘʆ, ʊʋʘʎ ʏʉʆʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʍʏɻ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻ ʏʉʐ 1971 ʋɸʌʀ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲʎ ʏʘʆ ɷɿɸɽʆʉʑʎ ɸʆɷɿɲʔɹʌʉʆʏʉʎ ʐɶʌʉʏʊʋʘʆ, ɿɷʀʘʎ ʘʎ ʐɶʌʉɴɿʉʏʊʋʘʆ, ȰɁȰȳɁɏɆȻȷɃɁɈȰɇ ʏɻʆ ɲʆɳɶʃɻ ɲʆɳʄɻʗɻʎ ɳʅɸʍɻʎ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ɶɿɲ ʆɲ ɲʆɲʍʏʌɲʔɸʀ ɻ ʔɽʀʆʉʐʍɲ ʋʉʌɸʀɲ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ʏʉʐʎ ʍʏɻ ɅȵɅȵȻɇɀȵɁȰ ʊʏɿ ɻ ʍʑʆɲʗɻ ʋʉʄʐʅɸʌʉʑʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ ɻ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʅɹʍʘ ʍʐʆʏʉʆɿʍʅɹʆɻʎ ɼ ɸʆɲʌʅʉʆɿʍʅɹʆɻʎ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ɽɲ ʍʐʅɴɳʄʄɸɿ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɳ ʍʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ʏʉʐʎ ʃɲʏɳ ʏʉʆ ʋʄɹʉʆ ɲʋʉɷʉʏɿʃʊ ʏʌʊʋʉ, ʃɲɿ ɽɲ ɲʋʉʔɹʌɸɿ ʋɸʌɲɿʏɹʌʘ ʉʔɹʄɻ ɶɿɲ ʋʉʄʄɳ ɳʄʄɲ ɸʀɷɻ ɺʙʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʔʐʏʙʆ ʃɲɿ ȰɁȰȳɁɏɆȻȷɃɁɈȰɇ ʊʏɿ ɻ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɸʍʅɲʏɿʃɼ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʅɿɲʎ ʏɹʏʉɿɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɽɲ ɲʋɲɿʏɼʍɸɿ ʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʖɼ ʍʐʆɷʌʉʅɼʎ ʋʌʉʎ ʉʌɿʍʅɹʆɲ ʃʌɲʏɻ ʏɻʎ ɺʙʆɻʎ ɸʇɳʋʄʘʍɻʎ ɶɿɲ ʍʃʉʋʉʑʎ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ, ɸʃʋɲʀɷɸʐʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ʏʉʐʎ, ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ʍʑʍʏɲʍɻ ɼ ɴɸʄʏʀʘʍɻ ɸʋɿʍʏɻʅʉʆɿʃʙʆ ʃɲɿ ɷɿʉɿʃɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʔʉʌɹʘʆ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ɇɉɀɌɏɁȸɇȰɁ ɈȰ ȰȾɃȿɃɉȺȰ: ȱʌɽʌʉ Ȼ Ʌɸɷʀʉ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼʎ, ʉʌɿʍʅʉʀ ʃɲɿ ɸʌʅɻʆɸʀɲ

Ɉʉ ɶɸʘɶʌɲʔɿʃʊ ʋɸɷʀʉ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɻ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʍʐʍʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ʏʘʆ ɲʔʌɿʃɲʆʉ-ɸʐʌɲʍɿɲʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ʊʋʘʎ ɲʐʏɳ ʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ʋɲʌɳʌʏɻʅɲ 1 ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʃɲʄʉʑʅɸʆɻ ɸʆ ʋʌʉʃɸɿʅɹʆʘ «ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼ ɿʍʖʑʉʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ».

ȳɿɲ ʏʉʐʎ ʍʃʉʋʉʑʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʆʉʉʑʆʏɲɿ ʘʎ: ɲ) «ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻ», ɻ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʏɻʎ ɳɶʌɿɲʎ ʋɲʆʀɷɲʎ, 1979 ɴ) «ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ», ʏʉ ʊʌɶɲʆʉ ʋʉʐ ʍʐʍʏɼʆɸʏɲɿ ɷʐʆɳʅɸɿ ʏʉʐ ɳʌɽʌʉʐ Ȼɍ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ ɶ) «ɉɷʌʊɴɿɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ», ʏɲ ɸʀɷɻ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʏɲ ʉʋʉʀɲ ɸʀʆɲɿ ʉɿʃʉʄʉɶɿʃɳ ɸʇɲʌʏʙʅɸʆɲ ɲʋʊ ʐɶʌʊʏʉʋʉʐʎ, ɶɿɲ ʏʅɼʅɲ ʏʉʐʄɳʖɿʍʏʉʆ ʏʉʐ ɸʏɼʍɿʉʐ ʃʑʃʄʉʐ ʏʉʐʎ, ɹʖʉʐʆ ɺʙʆɻ ɸʇɳʋʄʘʍɻʎ, ɻ ʉʋʉʀɲ ɴʌʀʍʃɸʏɲɿ, ʍʐʆʉʄɿʃɳ ɼ ɸʆ ʅɹʌɸɿ, ɸʆʏʊʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼʎ ɿʍʖʑʉʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɸɶɶɸɶʌɲʅʅɹʆɲ ʍʏʉ Ʌɲʌɳʌʏɻʅɲ 2 ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɷ) «ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ», ʏʉ ʊʌɶɲʆʉ ʋʉʐ ʍʐʍʏɼʆɸʏɲɿ ɷʐʆɳʅɸɿ ʏʉʐ ɳʌɽʌʉʐ VI ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉʎ 7 ʍʏʉɿʖɸʀʉ ɴ) ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɸ) «ɀɹʌɻ», ɸʃʏʊʎ ɸɳʆ ʍʐʆɳɶɸʏɲɿ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɸʏɿʃɳ ɲʋʊ ʏɲ ʍʐʅʔʌɲɺʊʅɸʆɲ, ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ʃɲʏɳ. Ɉɲ ɲʋɹʖʉʆʏɲ ɲʋʊ ʏɻ ʗɻʔʉʔʉʌʀɲ ɀɹʌɻ ɷɸʆ ʍʐɶʃɲʏɲʄɹɶʉʆʏɲɿ ʅɸʏɲʇʑ ʏʘʆ ʋɲʌʊʆʏʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʗɻʔɿɺʊʆʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ. ȵʋɿʋʄɹʉʆ, ʉɿ ʊʌʉɿ ʋʉʐ ʃɲɽʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ Ȼ ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉʎ 1 ʍʏʉɿʖɸʀɲ ɲ) ɹʘʎ ɿɲ), ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ, ɹʖʉʐʆ ʏɻʆ ʀɷɿɲ ɹʆʆʉɿɲ, ʏɻʌʉʐʅɹʆʘʆ ʏʘʆ ɲʆɲʄʉɶɿʙʆ, ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ.

ȸ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɸʀ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ʃɲʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɹʆʆʉɿɲ ʏʉʐ ɳʌɽʌʉʐ IV ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉʎ 3 ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ.

Ɉɲ ʋɲʌɲʌʏɼʅɲʏɲ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ʍʐʆɿʍʏʉʑʆ ɲʆɲʋʊʍʋɲʍʏʉ ʏʅɼʅɲ ʏɻʎ. Ⱦɳɽɸ ɲʆɲʔʉʌɳ ʍʏɻ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ʋɸʌɿɹʖɸɿ ɲʆɲʔʉʌɳ ʍʏɲ ʋɲʌɲʌʏɼʅɲʏɳ ʏɻʎ. ȱʌɽʌʉ ȻȻ Ⱥɸʅɸʄɿʙɷɸɿʎ ɲʌʖɹʎ

Ɉɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʐʆ ʍʐʆʏʉʆɿʍʅɹʆɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʍɸ ɸʐʆʉʁʃɼ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ɼ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɸʋɲʆɲʔʉʌɳ ʏʉʐʎ ʍɸ ʏɹʏʉɿɲ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ. Ʌʌʉʎ ʏʉʆ ʍʃʉʋʊ ɲʐʏʊ, ɸʔɲʌʅʊɺʉʐʆ, ʍʏʉ ʋʄɲʀʍɿʉ ʏɻʎ ɸɽʆɿʃɼʎ ɷɿʃɲɿʉɷʉʍʀɲʎ ʏʉʐʎ, ʏɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ʋʉʐ ʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ ȻȻȻ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɿʎ ɸɿɷɿʃɹʎ ɷʌɳʍɸɿʎ ʋʉʐ ʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ʍʖɹɷɿʉ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉɴʄɹʋɸʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ IV, ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ.

Ⱦɲʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏʘʆ ʅɹʏʌʘʆ ʋʉʐ ʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉ 1, ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʐʆ ʐʋʊʗɻ ʏɻʆ ɲʌʖɼ ʏɻʎ ʋʌʉʔʑʄɲʇɻʎ. ȱʌɽʌʉ ȻȻȻ ȳɸʆɿʃɳ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ

Ɉɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʐʆ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ɲʋʉɷʀɷʉʆʏɲʎ ɿɷɿɲʀʏɸʌɻ ʋʌʉʍʉʖɼ ʍʏɲ ɲʋɸɿʄʉʑʅɸʆɲ ʅɸ ɸʇɲʔɳʆɿʍɻ ɸʀɷɻ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʍɸ ɲʐʏɳ ʋʉʐ ɴʌʀʍʃʉʆʏɲɿ ʍɸ ɷʐʍʅɸʆɼ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ.

Ʌʌʉʎ ʏʉʆ ʍʃʉʋʊ ɲʐʏʊ, ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ: ɲ) ʋɲʌɹʖʉʐʆ ʏɻʆ ʀɷɿɲ ɲʐʍʏɻʌɼ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɲ ɲʋɸɿʄʉʑʅɸʆɲ ʅɸ ɸʇɲʔɳʆɿʍɻ ɸʀɷɻ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼ ɿʍʖʑʉʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʊʋʘʎ ʉʌʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ ȻȻȻ ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉɿ 4 ʃɲɿ 5 ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ ʏɲ ɸʀɷɻ, ʊʍʉ ʃɲɿ ɶɿɲ ʏɲ ʉɿʃʉʄʉɶɿʃɳ ʍʐʍʏɼʅɲʏɲ ʋʉʐ ʏɲ ʐʋʉʍʏɻʌʀɺʉʐʆ ɶ) ʋʌʉʍɷɿʉʌʀɺʉʐʆ ʏʉʐʎ ʏʊʋʉʐʎ (ʋɸʌɿʉʖɹʎ) ʃɲɿ ʏɲ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɼʅɲʏɲ ʋʉʐ ʔɿʄʉʇɸʆʉʑʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃɳ ʐɷʌʊɴɿɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ, ʋʉʐ ʐʋɳʌʖʉʐʆ ʍʏɻʆ ɸʋɿʃʌɳʏɸɿɳ ʏʉʐʎ, ʃɲɿ ɸʆɽɲʌʌʑʆʉʐʆ ʏɻʆ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲ, ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻ, ɲʆɲʍʐɶʃʌʊʏɻʍɻ ʃɲɿ ɲʋʉʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ʏʊʋʘʆ, ʍɸ ʍʐʆɸʌɶɲʍʀɲ ʅɸ ʏʉʐʎ ʔʉʌɸʀʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʋɲʌɿɽʅʉʑʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ IX ʍʏʉɿʖɸʀɲ ɲ) ʃɲɿ ɴ) ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʉɿ ʉʋʉʀʉɿ ɲʍʖʉʄʉʑʆʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ɷ) ʍʐʆʏʉʆʀɺʉʐʆ ʏɿʎ ʋʌʉʍʋɳɽɸɿɹʎ ʏʉʐʎ ʙʍʏɸ ʆɲ ɷɿɲʍʔɲʄʀɺɸʏɲɿ ɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ɼ, ʃɲʏɳ ʋɸʌʀʋʏʘʍɻ, ɻ ɲʆɲʍʑʍʏɲʍɻ ɷɿʃʏʑʉʐ ʃɲʏɳʄʄɻʄʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ʍɸ ʉʄʊʃʄɻʌɻ ʏɻ ɺʙʆɻ ɸʇɳʋʄʘʍɻʎ ʃɳɽɸ ɸʅʋʄɸʃʊʅɸʆʉʐ ɸʀɷʉʐʎ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ɿɷʀʘʎ ɸʃɸʀ ʊʋʉʐ ʉɿ ʐɶʌʊʏʉʋʉɿ ɸʃʏɸʀʆʉʆʏɲɿ ʋɹʌɲʆ ʏɻʎ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼʎ ɸʆʊʎ ɼ ʋɸʌɿʍʍʉʏɹʌʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ɸ) ɸʇɸʏɳɺʉʐʆ ʋʌʉɴʄɼʅɲʏɲ ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏʉʐʆ ɼ ʋʉʐ ɸʆɷɹʖɸʏɲɿ ʆɲ ʋʌʉʃʑʗʉʐʆ ʄʊɶʘ ɲʆɽʌʘʋʀʆʘʆ ɷʌɲʍʏɻʌɿʉʏɼʏʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʃɲʏɲɴɳʄʄʉʐʆ ʋʌʉʍʋɳɽɸɿɸʎ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼʎ ɸʋɲʆʉʌɽʘʏɿʃʙʆ ʅɹʏʌʘʆ, ʍʐʅʋɸʌɿʄɲʅɴɲʆʉʅɹʆɻʎ ʏɻʎ ɸʋɲʆɲʔʉʌɳʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ɲʋʉʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻʎ ʍʏɻʆ ʋʌʊʏɸʌɻ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ɲʆʏɿʍʏɲɽʅɿʍʏɿʃʙʆ ʅɹʏʌʘʆ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ʏʐʖʊʆ ɲʋʙʄɸɿɲ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ʍʏ) ʍʐʆɸʌɶɳɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ʋʄɲʀʍɿʉ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸʘʆ ɸʃʏɳʃʏʉʐ ɲʆɳɶʃɻʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʋɲɿʏɸʀ ɷɿɸɽʆɼ ʍʐʆʏʉʆɿʍʅɹʆɻ ɷʌɳʍɻ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʍʏʉʆ ʋʌʉʍɷɿʉʌɿʍʅʊ ʏʘʆ ʋʄɹʉʆ ɸʐʋɲɽʙʆ, ʍʏɿʎ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸɿʎ, ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ. ɇʐʆɸʌɶɳɺʉʆʏɲɿ ɸʋʀʍɻʎ ʍʏɻ ɷɿɲʅʊʌʔʘʍɻ ʃɲʏɳʄʄɻʄʘʆ ɷɿɲɷɿʃɲʍɿʙʆ ɲʆʏɿʅɸʏʙʋɿʍɻʎ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸʘʆ ɸʃʏɳʃʏʉʐ ɲʆɳɶʃɻʎ, ʙʍʏɸ ʆɲ ʋɲʌɹʖɸʏɲɿ ɲʐʇɻʅɹʆɻ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲ ʍʏɲ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ɸʀɷɻ ʍʏʉ ʋʄɲʀʍɿʉ ʏʘʆ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸʘʆ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻʆ ʃɲʏɳʌʏɿʍɻ ʃɲʏɸʐɽʐʆʏɻʌʀʘʆ ɶʌɲʅʅʙʆ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɲʌʘɶɼ ʅɸʅʉʆʘʅɹʆʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʍʏɻʆ ɲʆʏɿʅɸʏʙʋɿʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸʘʆ ɺ) ɲʋɲɶʉʌɸʑʉʐʆ ʏɻʆ ɸʃʉʑʍɿɲ ɸɿʍɲɶʘɶɼ ʅɻ ɲʐʏʊʖɽʉʆʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʍʏʉ ʋɸʌɿɴɳʄʄʉʆ ʃɲɿ ʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʐʆ ʊʄɲ ʏɲ ʃɲʏɳʄʄɻʄɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ʋʌʊʄɻʗɻ ʏɻʎ ɲʃʉʑʍɿɲʎ ɲʋɸʄɸʐɽɹʌʘʍɻʎ ʏɹʏʉɿʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ, ɸʔʊʍʉʆ ɻ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ɸɿʍɲɶʘɶɼ ɼ ɲʋɸʄɸʐɽɹʌʘʍɻ ɽɲ ɹɴʄɲʋʏɸ ʏɻʆ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʏɻʎ ɳɶʌɿɲʎ ʋɲʆʀɷɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʖʄʘʌʀɷɲʎ. Ʉʏɲʆ ɹʖɸɿ ɼɷɻ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉɿɻɽɸʀ ɸɿʍɲɶʘɶɼ ʅɻ ɲʐʏʊʖɽʉʆʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʐʆ ʊʄɲ ʏɲ ʃɲʏɳʄʄɻʄɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ʙʍʏɸ ʆɲ ɲʋʉʏʌɲʋɸʀ ʏʉ ɸʆɷɸʖʊʅɸʆʉ ɲʋɸɿʄɼʎ ʏʘʆ ɲʐʏʊʖɽʉʆʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ɲʋʊ ʏɲ ʋʌʉɲʆɲʔɸʌɽɹʆʏɲ ɸʀɷɻ ɻ) ɷʌʉʅʉʄʉɶʉʑʆ ɼ ʐʋʉʍʏɻʌʀɺʉʐʆ ɹʌɸʐʆɸʎ ʍʏɻ ɴɿʉʄʉɶʀɲ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻʆ ʉɿʃʉʄʉɶʀɲ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ʍʐʅʋɸʌɿʄɲʅɴɲʆʉʅɹʆɻʎ ʏɻʎ ɸʆɲʌʅʊʆɿʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ʅɸɽʊɷʘʆ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ, ʃɲʏɳ ʋɸʌʀʋʏʘʍɻ, ʏɻʎ ɽɹʍʋɿʍɻʎ ʃʉɿʆʙʆ ɼ ʍʐʆɸʌɶɲʏɿʃʙʆ ʋʌʉɶʌɲʅʅɳʏʘʆ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻʎ ɽ) ɲʆɲʄʑʉʐʆ ʏɿʎ ʉɿʃɸʀɸʎ ɲʋɲɿʏɼʍɸɿʎ ɸʃʋɲʀɷɸʐʍɻʎ, ʅɸʏɲʇʑ ɳʄʄʘʆ ɶɿɲ ʏɿʎ ɲʆɲʍʃʉʋɼʍɸɿʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʔʉʌʉʑʆ ʏɲ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃɳ ʐɷʌʊɴɿɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ, ʏɻʆ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɼ ʏʉʐʎ, ʏɻ ɷɲʃʏʐʄʀʘʍɼ ʏʉʐʎ, ʃɲɿ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʐɶʌʊʏʉʋʘʆ, ʙʍʏɸ ʆɲ ʋʌʉʍɷɿʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʏɲ ʋʌʉɴʄɼʅɲʏɲ ɿ) ɲʆɲʋʏʑʍʍʉʐʆ ʃɲɿ ɸʔɲʌʅʊɺʉʐʆ ʋʌʉɶʌɳʅʅɲʏɲ ɸʐɲɿʍɽɻʏʉʋʉʀɻʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʃɲʏɲʆʊɻʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ʋʌʉɴʄɻʅɳʏʘʆ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ɸʆ ɶɹʆɸɿ, ʃɲɿ ʏʘʆ ɸɿɷɿʃʊʏɸʌʘʆ ʍʏʊʖʘʆ ʃɲɿ ɷɿɲʏɳʇɸʘʆ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɿɲ) ɲʆʏɲʄʄɳʍʍʉʐʆ ʋʄɻʌʉʔʉʌʀɸʎ ʃɲɿ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɹʍʅɲʏɲ ɶɿɲ ʋʌʉɶʌɳʅʅɲʏɲ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ, ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻʎ, ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ɸʃʋɲʀɷɸʐʍɻʎ ɿɴ) ʍʐʆɸʌɶɳɺʉʆʏɲɿ, ʋʌʉʃɸɿʅɹʆʉʐ ʆɲ ʍʐʆɷʌɳʅʉʐʆ ʏʉ ɹʆɲ ʏʉ ɳʄʄʉ ʍʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ɿɷʀʘʎ ʍʏʉʐʎ ʏʉʅɸʀʎ ʏɻʎ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻʎ. ȱʌɽʌʉ IV ɇʖɹɷɿʉ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʃɲʏɸʐɽʐʆʏɼʌɿɸʎ ɶʌɲʅʅɹʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ȴɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ

ȶʆɲ ʍʖɹɷɿʉ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ʋʌʉʍɲʌʏɳʏɲɿ ʘʎ Ʌɲʌɳʌʏɻʅɲ 3 ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ. Ɉʉ ɇʖɹɷɿʉ ʃɲɽʉʌʀɺɸɿ ʏɿʎ ɷʌɳʍɸɿʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʆɲʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʐʆ ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʍɸ ʍʖɹʍɻ ʅɸ ʏɲ ɸʀɷɻ ʋʌʉʏɸʌɲɿʊʏɻʏɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɲ ʋʌʉɴʄɼʅɲʏɲ ʋʌʉʏɸʌɲɿʊʏɻʏɲʎ, ʐʋʊ ʏʉʐʎ ɲʃʊʄʉʐɽʉʐʎ ʏʀʏʄʉʐʎ, ʍɸ ʍʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ʅɸ ʏɲ ɶɸʆɿʃɳ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʋʉʐ ʃɲɽʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ ȻȻȻ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ: ɲ) ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ɴ) ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɻʅɳʏʘʆ ɶ) ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʆɽʌʘʋʀʆʘʆ ɷʌɲʍʏɻʌɿʉʏɼʏʘʆ ɷ) ɹʌɸʐʆɲ ʃɲɿ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻ ɸ) ɸʃʋɲʀɷɸʐʍɻ ʃɲɿ ɸʆɻʅɹʌʘʍɻ ʍʏ) ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ.

Ɉʉ ʍʖɹɷɿʉ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ɸʋɲʆɸʇɸʏɳɺɸʏɲɿ ʍɸ ʃɳɽɸ ʏɲʃʏɿʃɼ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ʍʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ, ʍʐʆɸʃʏɿʅʙʆʏɲʎ ʏɿʎ ʃɲʏɸʐɽʐʆʏɼʌɿɸʎ ɶʌɲʅʅɹʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ.

Ƀɿ ʏʐʖʊʆ ʏʌʉʋʉʋʉɿɼʍɸɿʎ ʏʉʐ ʍʖɸɷʀʉʐ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ɽɸʍʋʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʏɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ, ʍʐʆɸʃʏɿʅʙʆʏɲʎ ʏɿʎ ɷɿɲʏɳʇɸɿʎ ʏʉʐ ɳʌɽʌʉʐ ȻȻȻ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ.

Ƀɿ ʃɲʏɸʐɽʐʆʏɼʌɿɸʎ ɶʌɲʅʅɹʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʐʋʉɴɳʄʄʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏɻ ʍʑʆʉɷʉ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʋʌʉʎ ɹɶʃʌɿʍɻ ʍʏɻʆ ʋʌʙʏɻ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɼ ʏɻʎ, ʃɲɿ ɸʋɲʆɸʇɸʏɳɺʉʆʏɲɿ ɲʆɳ ʏɲʃʏɳ ʖʌʉʆɿʃɳ ɷɿɲʍʏɼʅɲʏɲ.

Ⱦɳɽɸ ɀɹʌʉʎ: ɲ) Ƀʌʀɺɸɿ ʏɻʆ ɲʌʅʊɷɿɲ ɲʌʖɼ ɼ ɲʌʖɹʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɻ (ʉɿ) ʉʋʉʀɲ(-ɸʎ), ʅɸʏɲʇʑ ɳʄʄʘʆ, ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʐɽɸʀ(-ʉʑʆ) ʊʄɸʎ ʏɿʎ ɷʌɲʍʏɻʌɿʊʏɻʏɸʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʆɷɹʖɸʏɲɿ ʆɲ ɹʖʉʐʆ ɲʆʏʀʃʏʐʋʉ ʍʏɻʆ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ɸɿɷʙʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʍʏɻ ɺʙʆɻ ɸʇɳʋʄʘʍɻʎ ʏʉʐ ʃʌɳʏʉʐʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʀʆɲɿ ʅɹʌʉʎ ɴ) ʉʌʀɺɸɿ ʐʋɸʑɽʐʆʉ ɸʋɿʃʉɿʆʘʆʀɲʎ ʅɸ ʏɲ ɳʄʄɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʃɲɿ ɶʆʘʍʏʉʋʉɿɸʀ, ɲʅɸʄʄɻʏʀ, ʏʉ ʊʆʉʅɲ ʃɲɿ ʏɻ ɷɿɸʑɽʐʆʍɼ ʏʉʐ ʍʏɻ ɶʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʋʌʉʃɸɿʅɹʆʉʐ ʏɲ ʍʏʉɿʖɸʀɲ ɲʐʏɳ ʆɲ ɷɿɲɴɿɴɲʍɽʉʑʆ ʋɳʌɲʐʏɲ ʍʏɲ ʐʋʊʄʉɿʋɲ ɀɹʌɻ ɶ) ʃɲʏɲʌʏʀɺɸɿ, ɶɿɲ ʃɳɽɸ ʏɲʃʏɿʃɼ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ, ɲʌʖɼʎ ɶɸʆʉʅɹʆɻʎ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʎ ɷɸʑʏɸʌɻʎ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻʎ, ɹʃɽɸʍɻ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʅɸ ɿɷɿɲʀʏɸʌɻ ɹʅʔɲʍɻ ʍʏɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʆɷɸʖʉʅɹʆʘʎ ɹʖɸɿ ʄɳɴɸɿ. ȸ ʅʉʌʔɼ ʏʘʆ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ɸʃɽɹʍɸʘʆ ʃɲɽʉʌʀɺɸʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ʋʌʙʏɻ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʃɲɿ ɸʋɲʆɸʇɸʏɳɺɸʏɲɿ, ɲʆɳʄʉɶɲ ʅɸ ʏɿʎ ɲʆɳɶʃɸʎ ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏʉʐʆ, ʍɸ ʃɳɽɸ ɸʋɲʃʊʄʉʐɽɻ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ. Ⱦɳɽɸ ɹʃɽɸʍɻ ʐʋʉɴɳʄʄɸʏɲɿ ʍʏɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʏʉ ɲʌɶʊʏɸʌʉ ɸʆʏʊʎ ɸʃɲʏʊʆ ɸʀʃʉʍɿ ɻʅɸʌʙʆ ʋʌɿʆ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ʏɲʃʏɿʃɼ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ʍʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ʉʋʉʀɲ ɲʐʏɼ ɹʖɸɿ ʃɲʏɲʌʏɿʍɽɸʀ, ɸʆʙ ɲʆʏʀɶʌɲʔɲ ɷɿɲɴɿɴɳɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʋɳʌɲʐʏɲ ʍʏɲ ʐʋʊʄʉɿʋɲ ɀɹʌɻ ɲʋʊ ʏɻ ɶʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ.

ɲ) Ⱦɳɽɸ ɀɹʌʉʎ ʃɲʄɸʀʏɲɿ ʆɲ ʍʐʅɴɳʄʄɸɿ ʍʏʉʆ ʋʌʉʒʋʉʄʉɶɿʍʅʊ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʍʑʅʔʘʆɲ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ɲʇɿʉʄʉɶɻʏɿʃɼ ʃʄʀʅɲʃɲ ʏʘʆ ȸʆʘʅɹʆʘʆ ȵɽʆʙʆ. ȳɿɲ ʃɳɽɸ ʃʌɳʏʉʎ ʏɻʎ ɺʙʆɻʎ ɸʇɳʋʄʘʍɻʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʀʆɲɿ ʅɹʌʉʎ, ɻ ʍʐʅɴʉʄɼ ʋɸʌɿʉʌʀɺɸʏɲɿ, ʃɲʏɳ ʅɹɶɿʍʏʉ ʊʌɿʉ, ʍʏʉ 25 % ʏʉʐ ʍʐʆʉʄɿʃʉʑ ʋʌʉʒʋʉʄʉɶɿʍʅʉʑ. ȴɸʆ ɲʋɲɿʏɸʀʏɲɿ ɻ ʍʐʆɸɿʍʔʉʌɳ ʋʉʍʙʆ ʋʉʐ ʐʋɸʌɴɲʀʆʉʐʆ ʏʉ 2,5 % ʏʘʆ ɷɿʉɿʃɻʏɿʃʙʆ ɷɲʋɲʆʙʆ ɲʋʊ ʉɿʉʆɷɼʋʉʏɸ ʋɸʌɿʔɸʌɸɿɲʃʊ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʍʅʊ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃɼʎ ʉʄʉʃʄɼʌʘʍɻʎ ɴ) ʉɿ ʍʖɸʏɿʃɹʎ ʅɸ ʏʉʆ ʋʌʉʒʋʉʄʉɶɿʍʅʊ ɲʋʉʔɳʍɸɿʎ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʉɿ ʏʐʖʊʆ ɲʄʄɲɶɹʎ ʏɻʎ ɲʇɿʉʄʉɶɻʏɿʃɼʎ ʃʄʀʅɲʃɲʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʆɷɸʖʉʅɹʆʘʎ ʃʌʀʆʉʆʏɲɿ ɲʆɲɶʃɲʀɸʎ, ʐɿʉɽɸʏʉʑʆʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʏɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʅɸ ʉʅʉʔʘʆʀɲ.

ȸ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ɷʑʆɲʏɲɿ ʆɲ ʍʐʍʏɼʍɸɿ ʏɲʅɸʀʉ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ɲʋʊ ɸɽɸʄʉʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɸɿʍʔʉʌɹʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ, ɼ ɲʋʊ ʉɿɲɷɼʋʉʏɸ ɳʄʄɻ ʋɻɶɼ, ʅɸ ʍʃʉʋʊ ʏɻ ʖʌɻʅɲʏʉɷʊʏɻʍɻ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌɲʃʉʄʉʑɽɻʍɻʎ, ʏɻʎ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ, ʏɻʎ ɸʃʋɲʀɷɸʐʍɻʎ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ɹʌɶʘʆ ʋʉʐ ʍʖɸʏʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ, ʍʐʅʋɸʌɿʄɲʅɴɲʆʉʅɹʆɻʎ ʏɻʎ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻʎ, ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ. ʍʐʆɷʌɳʅʉʐʆ ʍʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏʘʆ ɷɿɲʏɳʇɸʘʆ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ. ȱʌɽʌʉ VI ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ

ȸ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʍʐʆɿʍʏɳ ʏʉ ʊʌɶɲʆʉ ʄɼʗɸʘʎ ɲʋʉʔɳʍɸʘʆ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ.

ɇɸ ʍʐʆɸʌɶɲʍʀɲ ʅɸ ʏɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ, ʉ Ⱥɸʅɲʏʉʔʑʄɲʃɲʎ ʍʐɶʃɲʄɸʀ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʏʉ ɲʌɶʊʏɸʌʉ ɸʆʏʊʎ ɹʏʉʐʎ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɻʅɸʌʉʅɻʆʀɲ ɹʆɲʌʇɻʎ ɿʍʖʑʉʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ. ɇʏɻ ʍʐʆɹʖɸɿɲ, ɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʍʐɶʃɲʄɸʀ, ʍɸ ʍʐʆɸʆʆʊɻʍɻ ʅɸ ʏɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻʎ, ʏɲʃʏɿʃɹʎ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸɿʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ, ɲʆɳ ʏɲʃʏɳ ʖʌʉʆɿʃɳ ɷɿɲʍʏɼʅɲʏɲ ʋʉʐ ɷɸʆ ʐʋɸʌɴɲʀʆʉʐʆ ʏɲ ʏʌʀɲ ɹʏɻ, ɸʃʏʊʎ ɸɳʆ ɲʋʉʔɲʍʀʍɸɿ ɳʄʄʘʎ ɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ. Ʉʋʉʏɸ ɲʐʏʊ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɷʐʆɲʏʊ, ʉɿ ɸʆ ʄʊɶʘ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸɿʎ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉɿʉʑʆʏɲɿ ʍɸ ʍʐʆɷʐɲʍʅʊ ʅɸ ʏɿʎ ʏɲʃʏɿʃɹʎ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸɿʎ ʏɻʎ ȴɿɳʍʃɸʗɻʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʍʏɻ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻ.

Ⱦɲʏʊʋɿʆ ɶʌɲʋʏɼʎ ɲɿʏɼʍɸʘʎ ʏʉʐʄɳʖɿʍʏʉʆ ʏʉʐ ɸʆʊʎ ʏʌʀʏʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ, ɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʍʐɶʃɲʄɸʀ ɹʃʏɲʃʏɻ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ.

Ɉɲ ȸʆʘʅɹʆɲ ȶɽʆɻ, ʉɿ ɸɿɷɿʃɸʐʅɹʆʉɿ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʍʅʉʀ ʏʉʐʎ, ʉ ȴɿɸɽʆɼʎ Ƀʌɶɲʆɿʍʅʊʎ Ȱʏʉʅɿʃɼʎ ȵʆɹʌɶɸɿɲʎ, ʉʋʉɿʉɷɼʋʉʏɸ ʃʌɳʏʉʎ ʋʉʐ ɷɸʆ ɸʀʆɲɿ ʅɹʌʉʎ ʍʏɻ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʉɿ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɸʎ ɷɿɸɽʆʙʆ ʍʐʅɴɳʍɸʘʆ ʉɿ ʉʋʉʀɸʎ ɲʍʖʉʄʉʑʆʏɲɿ, ʅɸʏɲʇʑ ɳʄʄʘʆ, ʅɸ ʏɻ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ, ʍʐʅʋɸʌɿʄɲʅɴɲʆʉʅɹʆɻʎ ʏɻʎ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻʎ, ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ, ʅʋʉʌʉʑʆ ʆɲ ɸʃʋʌʉʍʘʋʉʑʆʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʋɲʌɲʏɻʌɻʏɹʎ ʍʏɿʎ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸɿʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ. ɇʏɿʎ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸɿʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʉɿʉʍɷɼʋʉʏɸ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʍʅʊʎ ɼ ʊʌɶɲʆʉ ʋʉʐ ɷɿɲɽɹʏɸɿ ʏɸʖʆʉɶʆʘʍʀɲ ʍɸ ɺɻʏɼʅɲʏɲ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ɼ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ ʍʖɸʏɿʃɼʎ ʅɸ ʏɲ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃɳ ʐɷʌʊɴɿɲ ʋʏɻʆɳ, ʅʋʉʌɸʀ ɸʋʀʍɻʎ ʆɲ ɸʃʋʌʉʍʘʋɸʀʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʋɲʌɲʏɻʌɻʏɹʎ ɸʃʏʊʎ ɸɳʆ ʋʌʉɴʄɻɽʉʑʆ, ɸʆ ʋʌʉʃɸɿʅɹʆʘ, ɲʆʏɿʌʌɼʍɸɿʎ ɲʋʊ ʏʉ ɹʆɲ ʏʌʀʏʉ ʏʉʐʄɳʖɿʍʏʉʆ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ.

ɀʊʆʉʆ ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ɷɿʃɲɿʉʑʆʏɲɿ ʆɲ ʅɸʏɹʖʉʐʆ ʍʏɻʆ ʗɻʔʉʔʉʌʀɲ. Ⱦɳɽɸ ʅɹʌʉʎ ɷɿɲɽɹʏɸɿ ʅʀɲ ʅʊʆʉ ʗɼʔʉ, ʊʅʘʎ ʉɿ ʋɸʌɿʔɸʌɸɿɲʃʉʀ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʍʅʉʀ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃɼʎ ʉʄʉʃʄɼʌʘʍɻʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɀɹʌɻ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ɲʍʃʉʑʆ ʏʉ ʉɿʃɸʀʉ ɷɿʃɲʀʘʅɲ ʗɼʔʉʐ ʅɸ ɲʌɿɽʅʊ ʗɼʔʘʆ ʀʍʉ ʅɸ ʏʉʆ ɲʌɿɽʅʊ ʏʘʆ ʃʌɲʏʙʆ ʅɸʄʙʆ ʋʉʐ ʍʐʅʅɸʏɹʖʉʐʆ ʍɸ ɲʐʏʉʑʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɲ ʉʋʉʀɲ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɀɹʌɻ ʍʏɻ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ, ʊʍʉʆ ɲʔʉʌɳ ɺɻʏɼʅɲʏɲ ʋʉʐ ɸʅʋʀʋʏʉʐʆ ʍʏɻʆ ɲʌʅʉɷɿʊʏɻʏɳ ʏʉʐʎ. ȶʆɲʎ ʋɸʌɿʔɸʌɸɿɲʃʊʎ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʍʅʊʎ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃɼʎ ʉʄʉʃʄɼʌʘʍɻʎ ɷɸʆ ɲʍʃɸʀ ʏʉ ʉɿʃɸʀʉ ɷɿʃɲʀʘʅɲ ʗɼʔʉʐ, ɸʔʊʍʉʆ ʏɲ ʃʌɳʏɻ ʅɹʄɻ ʏʉʐ ɲʍʃʉʑʆ ʏʉ ʉɿʃɸʀʉ ɷɿʃɲʀʘʅɲ, ʃɲɿ ɲʆʏɿʍʏʌʊʔʘʎ.

ȵʃʏʊʎ ɸɳʆ ʋʌʉɴʄɹʋɸʏɲɿ ɳʄʄʘʎ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ, ʉɿ ɲʋʉʔɳʍɸɿʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʄɲʅɴɳʆʉʆʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʉʅʉʔʘʆʀɲ ɼ, ɸʄʄɸʀʗɸɿ ʉʅʉʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʅɸ ʋʄɸɿʉʗɻʔʀɲ ʏʘʆ ɷʑʉ ʏʌʀʏʘʆ ʏʘʆ ʋɲʌʊʆʏʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʗɻʔɿɺʊʆʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ.

ɇʏɻʆ ʋʌʙʏɻ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɼ ʏɻʎ, ɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ: ʍʃʉʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɳʍʃɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɶʌɲʅʅɲʏɸɿɲʃʙʆ ʃɲɽɻʃʊʆʏʘʆ ʋʉʐ ʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ VIII ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɶ) ʍʐʍʏɼʆɸɿ ʏɻʆ Ɉɸʖʆɿʃɼ ȵʋɿʏʌʉʋɼ ʋʉʐ ʉʌʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ VII ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɷ) ɸʃʋʉʆɸʀ ʏɻ ʅʉʌʔɼ ʏʘʆ ɸʃɽɹʍɸʘʆ ʋʉʐ ʋʌɹʋɸɿ ʆɲ ʍʐʆʏɳʍʍʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʑʅʔʘʆɲ ʅɸ ʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ V ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉʎ 1 ʍʏʉɿʖɸʀʉ ɶ) ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɸ) ɽɸʍʋʀɺɸɿ ʃʌɿʏɼʌɿɲ ɶɿɲ ʏʉʆ ʃɲɽʉʌɿʍʅʊ ʏʘʆ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸʘʆ ɸʃʏɳʃʏʉʐ ɲʆɳɶʃɻʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʋɲɿʏʉʑʆ ɸʋɸʀɶʉʆʏɲ ʅɹʏʌɲ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʉʌʀɺɸɿ ʏɿʎ ʄɸʋʏʉʅɸʌɸʀʎ ɷɿɲʏɳʇɸɿʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɲʆɳɽɸʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɸʐɽʑʆɻʎ ʏɻʎ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ʋʉʐ ʋʌɹʋɸɿ ʆɲ ɲʆɲʄɻʔɽɸʀ.

ɇɸ ʃɳɽɸ ʏɲʃʏɿʃɼ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ, ɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ: ɲ) ɸʇɸʏɳɺɸɿ ʏɿʎ ɸʋɸʄɽʉʑʍɸʎ ʃɲɿ ɷʐʆɻʏɿʃɹʎ ʅɸʏɲɴʉʄɹʎ ʏɻʎ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻʎ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ɲʋʉɷɻʅɻʏɿʃʙʆ ʐɷʌʊɴɿʘʆ ʋʏɻʆʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏɲ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɳ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɸʋɿɴʀʘʍɼ ʏʉʐʎ ɸʆɷɿɲɿʏɼʅɲʏɲ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʏʉʐʎ ʋɲʌɳɶʉʆʏɸʎ ʋʉʐ ʅʋʉʌʉʑʆ ʆɲ ʏɲ ɸʋɻʌɸɳʍʉʐʆ ɴ) ɸʇɸʏɳɺɸɿ ʏɻʆ ʋʌʊʉɷʉ ʋʉʐ ɹʖɸɿ ɸʋɿʏɸʐʖɽɸʀ ʃɲɿ ʏɿʎ ʏʐʖʊʆ ɷʐʍʃʉʄʀɸʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʆɹʃʐʗɲʆ ʃɲʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɶ) ɸɶʃʌʀʆɸɿ ɹʆɲʆ ʋʌʉʒʋʉʄʉɶɿʍʅʊ ʃɲɿ ɸʇɸʏɳɺɸɿ ʏɲ ɺɻʏɼʅɲʏɲ ʍʖɸʏɿʃɳ ʅɸ ʏɿʎ ʖʌɻʅɲʏʉɷʉʏɿʃɹʎ ʌʐɽʅʀʍɸɿʎ ʋʉʐ ɲʔʉʌʉʑʆ ʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲ ɷ) ɸʇɸʏɳɺɸɿ ʃɳɽɸ ɺɼʏɻʅɲ ʋʉʐ ɲʔʉʌɳ ʏɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʆ ɿɷɿʊʏɻʏɲ ʏʉʐ ʅɹʄʉʐʎ ʏɻʎ Ɉɸʖʆɿʃɼʎ ȵʋɿʏʌʉʋɼʎ ɸ) ɸɶʃʌʀʆɸɿ ɹʃɽɸʍɻ, ɻ ʉʋʉʀɲ ɷɿɲɴɿɴɳɺɸʏɲɿ ʍʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻ ȴɿɳʍʃɸʗɻ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʍʏɻ ɇʑʅɴɲʍɻ ʍʏ) ʃɲɽʉʌʀɺɸɿ ʏʉʆ ʖʌʊʆʉ ʃɲɿ ʏʉʆ ʏʊʋʉ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉʀɻʍɻʎ ʏɻʎ ɸʋʊʅɸʆɻʎ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻʎ.

ɇɸ ʃɳɽɸ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ, ɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ɷʑʆɲʏɲɿ: ɲ) ʆɲ ʋʌʉɴɲʀʆɸɿ ʍʏɿʎ, ʃɲʏɳ ʏɻʆ ʃʌʀʍɻ ʏɻʎ, ɲʆɲɶʃɲʀɸʎ ɼ ʃɲʏɳʄʄɻʄɸʎ ʍʐʍʏɳʍɸɿʎ ʋʌʉʎ ʏɲ ɀɹʌɻ ɴ) ʆɲ ɽɸʍʋʀɺɸɿ ɸɿɷɿʃɹʎ ɷʌɳʍɸɿʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ɴɸʄʏʀʘʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɸʍʅɲʏɿʃʊʏɻʏɲʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ, ʃɲʏɳ ʋɸʌʀʋʏʘʍɻ, ʅɹʏʌɲ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɲʆʏɿʅɸʏʙʋɿʍɻ ʃɲʏɲʍʏɳʍɸʘʆ ɸʃʏɳʃʏʉʐ ɲʆɳɶʃɻʎ, ʊʋʘʎ ʋʌʉɴʄɹʋɸʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ VII ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉʎ 4 ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɷ) ʆɲ ʏʌʉʋʉʋʉɿɸʀ ʏʉ ʍʖɹɷɿʉ ɷʌɳʍɻʎ ʍʑʅʔʘʆɲ ʅɸ ʏʉ ɳʌɽʌʉ IV ʋɲʌɳɶʌɲʔʉʎ 3 ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ɸ) ʆɲ ʍʐʆɿʍʏɳ ʏɲ ɷɸʐʏɸʌɸʑʉʆʏɲ ʊʌɶɲʆɲ ʋʉʐ ɽɸʘʌɸʀ ɲʆɲɶʃɲʀɲ ɶɿɲ ʆɲ ʍʐʆɷʌɳʅʉʐʆ ʍʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ɿɷʀʘʎ ʍɸ ʍʐʆɸʆʆʊɻʍɻ ʅɸ ʊʌɶɲʆɲ ʋʉʐ ɹʖʉʐʆ ʍʐʍʏɲɽɸʀ ʍʏʉ ʋʄɲʀʍɿʉ ɳʄʄʘʆ ɷɿɸɽʆʙʆ ʍʐʆɽɻʃʙʆ, ʍʐʅɴɳʍɸʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʍʐʅʔʘʆɿʙʆ ʅɸ ɶɸʘɶʌɲʔɿʃɼ ʃɲɿ ʏɲʇɿʆʉʅɿʃɼ ɲʄʄɻʄɸʋɿʃɳʄʐʗɻ ʍʏ) ʆɲ ɲʋʉʔɲʍʀɺɸɿ ɶɿɲ ʃɳɽɸ ɺɼʏɻʅɲ ʋʉʐ ʍʖɸʏʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ. ȱʌɽʌʉ VII Ɉɸʖʆɿʃɼ ȵʋɿʏʌʉʋɼ

ȸ Ɉɸʖʆɿʃɼ ȵʋɿʏʌʉʋɼ ʋɸʌɿʄɲʅɴɳʆɸɿ: ɲ) ɸʆʆɹɲ ɸɿɷɿʃʉʑʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʃʋʌʉʍʘʋʉʑʆ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɸʏɿʃɹʎ ʋɸʌɿʔɹʌɸɿɸʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼʎ ɿʍʖʑʉʎ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ, ɴɳʍɸɿ ʅɿɲʎ ɿʍʊʌʌʉʋɻʎ ɶɸʘɶʌɲʔɿʃɼʎ ʃɲʏɲʆʉʅɼʎ ɴ) ɹʆɲʆ ɸʃʋʌʊʍʘʋʉ ʏɻʎ ȴɿɸɽʆʉʑʎ ȶʆʘʍɻʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ȴɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏɻʎ Ɍʑʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʏʘʆ Ɍʐʍɿʃʙʆ Ʌʊʌʘʆ (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – IUCN), ɹʆɲʆ ɸʃʋʌʊʍʘʋʉ ʏʉʐ ȴɿɸɽʆʉʑʎ ȳʌɲʔɸʀʉʐ ȵʌɸʐʆʙʆ ɶɿɲ ʏɲ Ɂɻʃʏɿʃɳ Ʌʏɻʆɳ ʃɲɿ ʏʉʐʎ ɉɶʌʊʏʉʋʉʐʎ (International Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Bureau – IWRB) ʃɲɿ ɹʆɲʆ ɸʃʋʌʊʍʘʋʉ ʏʉʐ ȴɿɸɽʆʉʑʎ ɇʐʅɴʉʐʄʀʉʐ ɶɿɲ ʏɻ ȴɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ Ⱥɻʌɲʅɳʏʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ȱɶʌɿɲʎ Ʌɲʆʀɷɲʎ (International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation – CIC) ɶ) ɹʆɲʆ ɸɿɷɿʃʊ ɲʋʊ ʃɲɽɹʆɲʆ ɲʋʊ ʏʉʐʎ ɲʃʊʄʉʐɽʉʐʎ ʏʉʅɸʀʎ: ɲɶʌʉʏɿʃɼ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅʀɲ, ɷɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻ ɽɻʌɲʅɳʏʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʋɸʌɿɴɲʄʄʉʆʏɿʃʊ ɷʀʃɲɿʉ. ȸ ɷɿɲɷɿʃɲʍʀɲ ʏʉʐ ʉʌɿʍʅʉʑ ʏʘʆ ɸɿɷɿʃʙʆ, ɻ ɷɿɳʌʃɸɿɲ ʏɻʎ ɽɻʏɸʀɲʎ ʏʉʐʎ ʃɲɿ ɻ ɷɿɲɷɿʃɲʍʀɲ ʉʌɿʍʅʉʑ ʏʉʐ Ʌʌʉɹɷʌʉʐ ʏɻʎ Ɉɸʖʆɿʃɼʎ ȵʋɿʏʌʉʋɼʎ ʃɲɽʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʏɻ ʍʑʆʉɷʉ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ. Ƀ Ʌʌʊɸɷʌʉʎ ʅʋʉʌɸʀ ʆɲ ɷɹʖɸʏɲɿ ʏɹʍʍɸʌɿʎ, ʃɲʏ’ ɲʆʙʏɲʏʉ ʊʌɿʉ, ʋɲʌɲʏɻʌɻʏɹʎ ɲʋʊ ɸʇɸɿɷɿʃɸʐʅɹʆɸʎ ɷɿɸɽʆɸʀʎ ɷɿɲʃʐɴɸʌʆɻʏɿʃɹʎ ʃɲɿ ʅɻ ʃʐɴɸʌʆɻʏɿʃɹʎ ʉʌɶɲʆʙʍɸɿʎ.

ȵʃʏʊʎ ɲʆ ɻ ɇʑʆʉɷʉʎ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ɲʋʉʔɲʍʀʍɸɿ ɳʄʄʘʎ, ʉɿ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸɿʎ ʏɻʎ Ɉɸʖʆɿʃɼʎ ȵʋɿʏʌʉʋɼʎ ʍʐɶʃɲʄʉʑʆʏɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʏɻ ȳʌɲʅʅɲʏɸʀɲ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʅʔʘʆʀɲʎ ʍɸ ʍʐʆɷʐɲʍʅʊ ʅɸ ʃɳɽɸ ʏɲʃʏɿʃɼ ʍʐʆɸɷʌʀɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏʉʐʄɳʖɿʍʏʉʆ ʅʀɲ ʔʉʌɳ ʅɸʏɲʇʑ ʏʘʆ ʏɲʃʏɿʃʙʆ ʍʐʆɸɷʌɿɳʍɸʘʆ ʏɻʎ ɇʐʆʊɷʉʐ ʏʘʆ ɀɸʌʙʆ.