Decreto n.º 5/2023 — Aprova o Acordo da Cidade do Cabo de 2012 sobre a implementação das disposições do Protocolo relativo à Convenção…

(2) (a) The arrangement of the main lighting system shall be such that a fire or other casualty in the space or spaces containing the main source of electrical power, including transformers, if any, will not render the emergency lighting system inoperative.

(b) The arrangement of the emergency lighting system shall be such that a fire or other casualty in the space or spaces containing the emergency source of electrical power, including transformers, if any, will not render the main lighting system inoperative.

Regulation 17

Emergency source of electrical power

(1) A self-contained emergency source of electrical power located, to the satisfaction of the Administration, outside the machinery spaces shall be provided and so arranged as to ensure its functioning in the event of fire or other causes of failure of the main electrical installations.

(2) The emergency source of electrical power shall be capable, having regard to starting current and the transitory nature of certain loads, of serving simultaneously for a period of at least 3 h:

(a) the VHF radio installation required by regulations IX/6(1)(a) and (b) and, if applicable:

(i) the MF radio installation required by regulations IX/8(1)(a) and (b) and regulation IX/9(1)(b) and (c);

(ii) the ship earth station required by regulation IX/9(1)(a); and

(iii) the MF/HF radio installation required by regulations IX/9 (2)(a) and (b) and regulation IX/10(1);

(b) internal communication equipment, fire detecting systems and signals which may be required in an emergency;

(c) the navigation lights, if solely electrical, and the emergency lights:

(i) of launching stations and overside of the vessel;

(ii) in all alleyways, stairways and exits;

(iii) in spaces containing machinery or the emergency source of power;

(iv) in control stations; and

(v) in fish handling and fish processing spaces; and

(d) the operation of the emergency fire pump, if any.

(3) The emergency source of electrical power may be either a generator or an accumulator battery.

(4) (a) Where the emergency source of electrical power is a generator, it shall be provided both with an independent fuel supply and with efficient starting arrangements to the satisfaction of the Administration. Unless a second independent means of starting the emergency generator is provided the single source of stored energy shall be protected to preclude its complete depletion by the automatic starting system.

(b) Where the emergency source of electrical power is an accumulator battery it shall be capable of carrying the emergency load without recharging whilst maintaining the voltage of the battery throughout the discharge period within plus or minus 12 % of its nominal voltage. In the event of failure of the main power supply this accumulator battery shall be automatically connected to the emergency switchboard and shall immediately supply at least those services specified in paragraphs (2)(b) and (c). The emergency switchboard shall be provided with an auxiliary switch allowing the battery to be connected manually, in case of failure of the automatic connection system.

(5) The emergency switchboard shall be installed as near as is practicable to the emergency source of power and shall be located in accordance with paragraph (1). Where the emergency source of power is a generator, the emergency switchboard shall be located in the same place unless the operation of the emergency switchboard would thereby be impaired.

(6) An accumulator battery fitted in accordance with this regulation shall be installed in a well-ventilated space which shall not be the space containing the emergency switchboard. An indicator shall be mounted in a suitable place on the main switchboard or in the machinery control room to indicate when the battery constituting the emergency source of power is being discharged. The emergency switchboard is to be supplied in normal operation from the main switchboard by an inter-connector feeder which is to be protected at the main switchboard against overload and short circuit. The arrangement at the emergency switchboard shall be such that, in the event of a failure of the main power supply, an automatic connection of the emergency supply shall be provided. When the system is arranged for feedback operation, the inter-connector feeder shall also be protected at the emergency switchboard at least against short circuit.

(7) The emergency generator and its prime mover and any accumulator battery shall be so arranged as to ensure that they will function at full rated power when the vessel is upright and when rolling up to an angle of 22.5º either way and simultaneously pitching 10º by bow or stern, or is in any combination of angles within those limits.

(8) The emergency source of electrical power and automatic starting equipment shall be so constructed and arranged as to enable adequate testing to be carried out by the crew while the vessel is in operating condition.

Regulation 18

Precautions against shock, fire and other hazards of electrical origin

(1) (a) Exposed permanently fixed metal parts of electrical machines or equipment which are not intended to be "live", but which are liable under fault conditions to become "live" shall be earthed (grounded), unless:

(i) they are supplied at a voltage not exceeding 55 V direct current or 55 V root mean square, between conductors; autotransformers shall not be used for the purpose of achieving this alternative current voltage; or

(ii) they are supplied at a voltage not exceeding 250 V by safety isolating transformers supplying one consuming device only; or

(iii) they are constructed in accordance with the principle of double insulation.

(b) Portable electrical equipment shall operate at a safe voltage, exposed metal parts of such equipment which are not intended to have a voltage but which may have such under fault conditions, shall be earthed. The Administration may require additional precautions for portable electric lamps, tools or similar apparatus for use in confined or exceptionally damp spaces where particular risks due to conductivity may exist.

(c) Electrical apparatus shall be so constructed and so installed that it shall not cause injury when handled or touched in the normal manner.

(2) Main and emergency switchboards shall be so arranged as to give easy access as may be needed to apparatus and equipment, without danger to attendants. The sides and backs and, where necessary, the fronts of switchboards, shall be suitably guarded. Exposed "live" parts having voltages to earth exceeding a voltage to be specified by the Administration shall not be installed on the front of such switchboards. There shall be non-conducting mats or gratings at the front and rear, where necessary.

(3) (a) The hull return system of distribution shall not be used for power, heating or lighting in vessels of 75 m in length and over.

(b) The requirement of subparagraph (a) does not preclude, under conditions approved by the Administration, the use of:

(i) impressed current cathodic protective systems;

(ii) limited and locally earthed systems; or

(iii) insulation level monitoring devices provided the circulation current does not exceed 30 mA under the most unfavourable conditions.

(c) Where the hull return system is used, all final subcircuits (all circuits fitted after the last protective device) shall be two-wire and special precautions shall be taken to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(4) (a) Where a distribution system, whether primary or secondary, for power, heating or lighting, with no connection to earth is used, a device capable of monitoring the insulation level to earth shall be provided.

(b) Where the distribution system is in accordance with subparagraph (a) and a voltage exceeding 55 V direct current or 55 V root mean square, between conductors, is used, a device capable of continuously monitoring the insulation level to earth and of giving an audible or visual indication of abnormally low insulation values shall be provided.

(c) Distribution systems which are supplied at a voltage not exceeding 250 V direct current or 250 V root mean square, between conductors and which are limited in extent, may comply with subparagraph (a), subject to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(5) (a) Except as permitted by the Administration in exceptional circumstances, all metal sheaths and armour of cables shall be electrically continuous and shall be earthed.

(b) All electrical cables shall be at least of a flame-retardant type and shall be so installed as not to impair their original flame-retarding properties. The Administration may permit the use of special types of cables when necessary for particular applications, such as radio frequency cables, which do not comply with the foregoing.

(c) Cables and wiring serving essential or emergency power, lighting, internal communications or signals shall as far as practicable be routed clear of galleys, machinery spaces of category A and other high fire risk areas and laundries, fish handling and fish processing spaces and other spaces where there is a high moisture content. Cables connecting fire pumps to the emergency switchboard shall be of a fire-resistant type where they pass through high fire risk areas. Where practicable, all such cables should be run in such a manner as to preclude their being rendered unserviceable by heating of the bulkheads that may be caused by a fire in an adjacent space.

(d) Where cables which are installed in spaces where the risk of fire or explosion exists in the event of an electrical fault, special precautions against such risks shall be taken to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(e) Wiring shall be supported in such a manner as to avoid chafing or other damage.

(f) Terminations and joints in all conductors shall be made such that they retain the original electrical, mechanical, flame-retarding and, where necessary, fire-resisting properties of the cable.

(g) Cables installed in refrigerated compartments shall be suitable for low temperatures and high humidity.

(6) (a) Circuits shall be protected against short circuit. Circuits shall also be protected against overload, except in accordance with regulation 13 or where the Administration may exceptionally otherwise permit.

(b) The rating or appropriate setting of the overload protective device for each circuit shall be permanently indicated at the location of the protective device.

(7) Lighting fittings shall be arranged to prevent temperature rises which could damage the wiring and to prevent surrounding material from becoming excessively hot.

(8) Lighting or power circuits terminating in a space where the risk of fire or explosion exists shall be provided with isolating switches outside the space.

9) (a) The housing of an accumulator battery shall be constructed and ventilated to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(b) Electrical and other equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of flammable vapours shall not be permitted in these compartments except as permitted in paragraph (10).

(c) An accumulator battery shall not be located in accommodation spaces unless installed in a hermetically sealed container.

(10) In spaces where flammable mixtures are liable to collect and in any compartment assigned principally to the containment of an accumulator battery, no electrical equipment shall be installed, unless the Administration is satisfied that it is:

(a) essential for operational purposes;

(b) of a type which will not ignite the mixture concerned;

(c) appropriate to the space concerned; and

(d) appropriately certified for safe usage in the dusts, vapours or gases likely to be encountered.

(11) Lightning conductors shall be fitted to all wooden masts or topmasts. In vessels constructed of non-conductive materials, the lightning conductors shall be connected by suitable conductors to a copper plate fixed to the vessel's hull well below the waterline.

PART D

Periodically unattended machinery spaces

(See also regulation 3.)

Regulation 19

Fire safety

Fire prevention

(1) Special consideration shall be given to high pressure fuel oil pipes. Where practicable, leakages from such piping systems shall be collected in a suitable drain tank which shall be provided with a high level alarm.

(2) Where daily service fuel oil tanks are filled automatically or by remote control, means shall be provided to prevent overflow spillages. Similar consideration shall be given to other equipment which treats flammable liquids automatically, e.g. fuel oil purifiers, which, whenever practicable, shall be installed in a special space reserved for purifiers and their heaters.

(3) Where fuel oil daily service tanks or settling tanks are fitted with heating arrangements, a high temperature alarm shall be provided if the flashpoint of the fuel oil can be exceeded.

Fire detection

(4) An approved fire detection system based on a self-monitoring principle and including facilities for periodical testing shall be installed in machinery spaces.

(5) The detection system shall initiate both audible and visual alarm in the wheelhouse and in sufficient appropriate spaces to be heard and observed by persons on board, when the vessel is in harbour.

(6) The fire detection system shall be fed automatically from an emergency source of power if the main source of power fails.

(7) Internal combustion engines of 2,500 kW and over shall be provided with crankcase oil mist detectors or engine bearing temperature detectors or equivalent devices.

Fire fighting

(8) A fixed fire-extinguishing system shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration, which shall be in compliance with the requirements of regulations V/22 and V/40.

(9) In vessels of 75 m in length and over, provision shall be made for immediate water delivery from the fire main system either by:

(a) remote starting arrangements of one of the main fire pumps in the wheelhouse and at the fire control station, if any; or

(b) permanent pressurization of the fire main system, due regard being paid to the possibility of freezing. (16)

(10) The Administration shall be satisfied with the maintenance of the fire integrity of the machinery spaces, the location and centralization of the fire-extinguishing system controls, the shutdown arrangements referred to in regulation 24, e.g. ventilation, fuel pumps, etc., and may require fire-extinguishing appliances and other fire-fighting equipment and breathing apparatus in addition to the relevant requirements of chapter V.

Regulation 20

Protection against flooding

(1) Bilges in machinery spaces shall be provided with a high level alarm in such a way that the accumulation of liquids is detected at normal angles of trim and heel. The detection system shall initiate an audible and visual alarm in the places where continuous watch is maintained.

(2) The controls of any valve serving a sea inlet, a discharge below the waterline or a bilge injection system shall be so sited as to allow adequate time for operation in case of influx of water to the space.

Regulation 21

Communications

In vessels of 75 m in length and over, one of the two separate means of communication referred to in regulation 7 shall be a reliable vocal communication. An additional reliable means of vocal communication shall be provided between the wheelhouse and the engineers' accommodation.

Regulation 22

Alarm system

(1) An alarm system shall be provided which shall indicate any fault requiring attention.

(2) (a) The alarm system shall be capable of sounding an audible alarm in the machinery space and shall indicate visually each separate alarm function at a suitable position.

(b) The alarm system shall have a connection to the engineers' cabins through a selector switch to ensure connection to one of those cabins and to the engineers' public rooms, if any. The Administration may permit alternative arrangements which provide an equivalent measure of safety.

(c) An engineers' alarm and an alarm to the wheelhouse for persons on watch shall be activated if an alarm function has not received attention within a limited period as specified by the Administration.

(d) Audible and visual alarms shall be activated in the wheelhouse for any situation requiring action by the responsible person on watch or which should be brought to his attention.

(e) The alarm system shall as far as practicable be designed on the fail-safe principle.

(3)The alarm system shall be:

(a) continuously powered with automatic change-over to a stand-by power supply in case of loss of normal power supply; and

(b) activated by failure of the normal power supply.

(4) (a) The alarm system shall be able to indicate at the same time more than one fault and the acceptance of any alarm shall not inhibit another alarm.

(b) Acceptance at the position referred to in paragraph (2)(a) of any alarm condition shall be indicated at the positions where it was shown. Alarms shall be maintained until they are accepted and the visual indications shall remain until the fault has been corrected. All alarms shall automatically reset when the fault has been rectified.

Regulation 23

Special requirements for machinery, boiler and electrical installations

(1) In vessels of 75 m in length and over, the main source of electrical power shall be supplied as follows:

(a) where the electrical power can normally be supplied by one generator, there shall be provided suitable load shedding arrangements to ensure the integrity of supplies to services required for propulsion and steering. To cover the case of loss of the generator in operation, there shall be adequate provisions for automatic starting and connecting to the main switchboard of a stand-by generator of sufficient capacity to permit propulsion and steering and with automatic restarting of the essential auxiliaries including, where necessary, sequential operations. Means may be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration for remote (manual) starting and connection of the stand-by generator to the main switchboard as well as means of repeated remote starting of essential auxiliaries; and

(b) if the electrical power is normally supplied by more than one generating set simultaneously, there shall be provisions, e.g. by load shedding, to ensure that, in case of loss of one of these generating sets, the remaining ones are kept in operation without overload to permit propulsion and steering.

(2) Where required to be duplicated, other auxiliary machinery essential to propulsion shall be fitted with automatic change-over devices allowing transfer to a stand-by machine. An alarm shall be given on automatic change-over.

(3) Automatic control and alarm systems shall be provided as follows:

(a) the control system shall be such that, through the necessary automatic arrangements, the services needed for the operation of the main propulsion machinery and its auxiliaries are ensured;

(b) means shall be provided to keep the starting air pressure at the required level where internal combustion engines are used for main propulsion;

(c) an alarm system complying with regulation 22 shall be provided for all important pressures, temperatures, fluid levels, etc.; and

(d) where appropriate, an adequate central position shall be arranged with the necessary alarm panels and instrumentation indicating any alarmed fault.

Regulation 24

Safety system

A safety system shall be provided so that serious malfunction in machinery or boiler operations, which presents an immediate danger, shall initiate the automatic shutdown of that part of the plant and an alarm shall be given. Shutdown of the propulsion system shall not be automatically activated except in cases which could lead to serious damage, complete breakdown or explosion. Where arrangements for overriding the shutdown of the main propelling machinery are fitted, these shall be such as to preclude inadvertent activation. Visual means shall be provided to show whether or not it has been activated.

CHAPTER V

Fire protection, fire detection, fire extinction and fire fighting

(See also regulation IV/19.)

PART A

General

Regulation 1

General

(1) Unless expressly provided otherwise, this chapter shall apply to new vessels of 45 m in length and over.

(2) One of the following methods of protection shall be adopted in accommodation and service spaces:

(a) Method IF - The construction of all internal divisional bulkheads of non-combustible "B" or "C" class divisions generally without the installation of a detection or sprinkler system in the accommodation and service spaces; or

(b) Method IIF - The fitting of an automatic sprinkler and fire alarm system for the detection and extinction of fire in all spaces in which fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restrictions on the type of internal divisional bulkheads; or

(c) Method IIIF - The fitting of an automatic fire alarm and detection system in all spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads, except that in no case shall the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by an "A" or "B" class division exceed 50 m2. However, the Administration may increase this area for public spaces.

(3) The requirements for use of non-combustible materials in construction and insulation of the boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces, control stations, etc., and the protection of stairway enclosures and corridors shall be common to all three methods.

Regulation 2

Definitions

(1) Non-combustible material means a material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapours in sufficient quantity for self-ignition when heated to approximately 750ºC, this being determined to the satisfaction of the Administration by an established test procedure. Any other material is a combustible material. (17)

(2) A standard fire test is one in which specimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding approximately to the standard time-temperature curve. The specimen shall have an exposed surface of not less than 4.65 m2 and a height (or length of deck) of 2.44 m, resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including where appropriate at least one joint. The standard time-temperature curve is defined by a smooth curve drawn through the following temperature points measured above the initial furnace temperature:

at the end of the first 5 min - 556ºC;

at the end of the first 10 min - 659ºC;

at the end of the first 15 min - 718ºC;

at the end of the first 30 min - 821ºC;

at the end of the first 60 min - 925ºC.

(3) "A" class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads and decks which comply with the following:

(a) they shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material;

(b) they shall be suitably stiffened;

(c) they shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the one-hour standard fire test; and

(d) they shall be insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 139ºC above the original temperature, nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180ºC above the original temperature, within the time listed below:

class "A-60" - 60 min;

class "A-30" - 30 min;

class "A-15" - 15 min;

class "A-0" - 0 min.

The Administration may require a test of a prototype bulkhead or deck to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and temperature rise. (18)

(4) "B" class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings which comply with the following:

(a) they shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first one-half hour of the standard fire test;

(b) they shall have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 139ºC above the original temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225ºC above the original temperature, within the time listed below:

class "B-15" - 15 min;

class "B-0" - 0 min; and

(c) they shall be constructed of approved non-combustible materials and all materials entering into the construction and erection of "B" class divisions shall be non-combustible with the exception that combustible veneers may be permitted provided they meet the relevant requirements of this chapter.

The Administration may require a test of a prototype division to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and temperature rise. (19)

(5) "C" class divisions are those divisions constructed of approved non-combustible materials. They need meet no requirements relative to the passage of smoke and flame nor the limiting of temperature rise. Combustible veneers are permitted provided they meet other requirements of this chapter.

(6) "F" class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings which comply with the following:

(a) they shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first one-half hour of the standard fire test; and

(b) they shall have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 139ºC above the original temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225ºC above the original temperature, up to the end of the first one-half hour of the standard fire test.

The Administration may require a test of a prototype division to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and temperature rise. (18)

(7) Continuous "B" class ceilings or linings are those "B" class ceilings or linings which terminate only at an "A" or "B" class division.

(8) Steel or other equivalent material means steel or any material which, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the applicable fire exposure to the standard fire test (e.g. aluminium alloy with appropriate insulation).

(9) Low flame spread means that the surface thus described will adequately restrict the spread of flame, this being determined to the satisfaction of the Administration by an established test procedure.

(10) Accommodation spaces are those spaces used for public spaces, corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices, hospitals, cinemas, games and hobbies rooms, pantries containing no cooking appliances and similar spaces.

(11) Public spaces are those portions of the accommodation spaces which are used for halls, dining rooms, lounges, and similar permanently enclosed spaces.

(12) Service spaces are those spaces used for galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, lockers and store-rooms, workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces, and similar spaces and trunks to such spaces.

(13) Control stations are those spaces in which the vessel's radio or main navigation equipment or the emergency source of power is located, or where the fire recording or fire control equipment is centralized.

(14) Machinery spaces of category A are those spaces which contain internal combustion type machinery used either:

(a) for main propulsion; or

(b) for other purposes where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 750 kW,

or which contain any oil-fired boiler or fuel oil unit.

(15) Machinery spaces are those machinery spaces of category A and all other spaces containing propulsion machinery, boilers, fuel oil units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators, steering gear, major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilizing, ventilating and air conditioning machinery and similar spaces, and trunks to such spaces.

PART B

Fire safety measures in vessels of 60 metres in length and over

Regulation 3

Structure

(1) The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material except as otherwise specified in paragraph (4).

(2) The insulation of aluminium alloy components of "A" or "B" class divisions, except structures which, in the opinion of the Administration, are non-load bearing, shall be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200ºC above the ambient temperature at any time during the applicable fire exposure to the standard fire test.

(3) Special attention shall be given to the insulation of aluminium alloy components of columns, stanchions and other structural members required to support survival craft stowage, launching and embarkation areas, and "A" and "B" class divisions, to ensure:

(a) that for such members supporting survival craft areas and "A" class divisions the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (2) shall apply at the end of one hour; and

(b) that for such members required to support "B" class divisions, the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (2) shall apply at the end of one half-hour.

(4) Crowns and casings of machinery spaces of category A shall be of steel construction adequately insulated and any openings therein shall be suitably arranged and protected to prevent the spread of fire.

Regulation 4

Bulkheads within the accommodation and service spaces

(1) Within the accommodation and service spaces, all bulkheads required to be "B" class divisions shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries, unless continuous "B" class ceilings or linings, or both, are fitted on both sides of the bulkheads in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining.

(2) Method IF. All bulkheads not required by this or other regulations of this part to be "A" or "B" class divisions shall be at least "C" class divisions.

(3) Method IIF. There shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads not required by this or other regulations of this part to be "A" or "B" class divisions except in individual cases where "C" class bulkheads are required in accordance with table 1 in regulation 7.

(4) Method IIIF. There shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads not required by this or other regulations of this part to be "A" or "B" class divisions. In no case shall the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by a continuous "A" or "B" class division exceed 50 m2, except in individual cases where "C" class bulkheads are required in accordance with table 1 in regulation 7. However, the Administration may increase this area for public spaces.

Regulation 5

Protection of stairways and lift trunks in accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations

(1) Stairways which penetrate only a single deck shall be protected at least at one level by at least "B-0" class divisions and self-closing doors. Lifts which penetrate only a single deck shall be enclosed by "A-0" class divisions with steel doors at both levels. Stairways and lift trunks which penetrate more than a single deck shall be enclosed by at least "A-0" class divisions and protected by self-closing doors at all levels.

(2) All stairways shall be of steel frame construction except where the Administration permits the use of other equivalent material.

Regulation 6

Doors in fire-resistant divisions

(1) Doors shall have resistance to fire as far as practicable, equivalent to the division in which they are fitted. Doors and door frames in "A" class divisions shall be constructed of steel. Doors in "B" class divisions shall be non-combustible. Doors fitted in boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces of category A shall be self-closing and reasonably gastight. The Administration may permit the use of combustible materials in doors separating cabins from the individual interior sanitary accommodation, such as showers, if constructed according to method IF.

(2) Doors required to be self-closing shall not be fitted with hold-back hooks. However, hold-back arrangements fitted with remote release fittings of the fail-safe type may be used.

(3) Ventilation openings may be permitted in and under the doors in corridor bulkheads, except that such openings shall not be permitted in and under stairway enclosure doors. The openings shall be provided only in the lower half of a door. Where such opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m2. When such opening is cut in a door, it shall be fitted with a grille made of non-combustible material.

(4) Watertight doors need not be insulated.

Regulation 7

Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks

(1) In addition to the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks required elsewhere in this part, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in table 1 and table 2 of this regulation.

(2) The following requirements shall govern application of the tables:

(a) tables 1 and 2 shall apply respectively to bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces; and

(b) for determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as follows:

(i) Control stations (1):

Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting;

Wheelhouse and chartroom;

Spaces containing the vessel's radio equipment;

Fire-extinguishing rooms, fire-control rooms and fire-recording stations;

Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space;

Spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment;

(ii) Corridors (2):

Corridors and lobbies;

(iii) Accommodation spaces (3):

Spaces as defined in regulations 2(10) and (11) excluding corridors;

(iv) Stairways (4):

Interior stairways, lifts and escalators other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces and enclosures thereto. In this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door;

(v) Service spaces of low fire risk (5):

Lockers and store-rooms having areas of less than 2 m2, drying rooms and laundries;

(vi) Machinery spaces of category A (6):

Spaces as defined in regulation 2(14);

(vii) Other machinery spaces (7):

Spaces as defined in regulation 2(15) including fishmeal processing spaces, but excluding machinery spaces of category A;

(viii) Cargo spaces (8):

All spaces used for cargo, including cargo oil tanks, and trunkways and hatchways to such spaces;

(ix) Service spaces of high fire risk (9):

Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint rooms, lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 2 m2 or more, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces;

(x) Open decks (10):

Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades, spaces for processing fish in the raw state, fish washing spaces and similar spaces containing no fire risk;

The air spaces outside superstructures and deckhouses.

The title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive. The number in parenthesis following each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables.

Table 1 - Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/2023/02/04100/0001000300.pdf))

Table 2 - Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/2023/02/04100/0001000300.pdf))

(3) Continuous "B" class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.

(4) Windows and skylights to machinery spaces shall be as follows:

(a) where skylights can be opened, they shall be capable of being closed from outside the space. Skylights containing glass panels shall be fitted with external shutters of steel or other equivalent material permanently attached;

(b) glass or similar materials shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries. This does not preclude the use of wire-reinforced glass for skylights and glass in control rooms within the machinery spaces; and

(c) in skylights referred to in subparagraph (a) wire-reinforced glass shall be used.

(5) External boundaries which are required by regulation 3(1) to be of steel or equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and sidescuttles, provided that there is no requirement elsewhere in this part for such boundaries to have "A" class integrity. Similarly, in such boundaries which are not required to have "A" class integrity, doors may be of materials to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 8

Details of construction

(1) Method IF. In accommodation and service spaces and control stations all linings, draught stops, ceilings and their associated grounds shall be of non-combustible materials.

(2) Methods IIF and IIIF. In corridors and stairway enclosures serving accommodation and service spaces and control stations, ceilings, linings, draught stops and their associated grounds shall be of non-combustible materials.

(3) Methods IF, IIF and IIIF

(a) Except in cargo spaces or refrigerated compartments of service spaces, insulating materials shall be non-combustible. Vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, as well as the insulation of pipe fittings, for cold service systems need not be of non-combustible material, but they shall be kept to the minimum quantity practicable and their exposed surfaces shall have qualities of resistance to the propagation of flame to the satisfaction of the Administration. In spaces where penetration of oil products is possible, the surface of insulation shall be impervious to oil or oil vapour.

(b) Where non-combustible bulkheads, linings and ceilings are fitted in accommodation and service spaces, they may have a combustible veneer not exceeding 2 mm in thickness within any such space except corridors, stairway enclosures and control stations, where it shall not exceed 1.5 mm in thickness.

(c) Air spaces enclosed behind ceilings, panellings, or linings shall be divided by close-fitting draught stops spaced not more than 14 m apart. In the vertical direction, such spaces, including those behind linings of stairways, trunks, etc., shall be closed at each deck.

Regulation 9

Ventilation systems

(1) (a) Ventilation ducts shall be of non-combustible material. Short ducts, however, not generally exceeding 2 m in length and with a cross section not exceeding 0.02 m2 need not be non-combustible, subject to the following conditions:

(i) these ducts shall be of a material which, to the satisfaction of the Administration, has a low fire risk;

(ii) they may only be used at the end of the ventilation device; and

(iii) they shall not be situated less than 600 mm, measured along the duct, from an opening in an "A" or "B" class division including continuous "B" class ceilings.

(b) Where the ventilation ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 pass through "A" class bulkheads or decks, the openings shall be lined with a steel sheet sleeve unless the ducts passing through the bulkheads or decks are of steel in the vicinity of passage through the deck or bulkhead and comply in that portion of the duct with the following:

(i) for ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2, the sleeves shall have a thickness of at least 3 mm and a length of at least 900 mm. When passing through bulkheads, this length shall preferably be divided evenly on each side of the bulkhead. Ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 shall be provided with fire insulation. The insulation shall have at least the same fire integrity as the bulkhead or deck through which the duct passes. Equivalent penetration protection may be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration; and

(ii) ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.075 m2 shall be fitted with fire dampers in addition to the requirements of subparagraph (b)(i). The fire damper shall operate automatically, but shall also be capable of being closed manually from both sides of the bulkhead or deck. The damper shall be provided with an indicator which shows whether the damper is open or closed. Fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by "A" class divisions, without serving those spaces, provided those ducts have the same fire integrity as the bulkheads which they penetrate.

(c) Ventilation ducts for machinery spaces of category A or galleys shall not in general pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations. Where the Administration permits this arrangement, the ducts shall be constructed of steel or equivalent material and so arranged as to preserve the integrity of the divisions.

(d) Ventilation ducts of accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not, in general, pass through machinery spaces of category A or through galleys. Where the Administration permits this arrangement, the ducts shall be constructed of steel or equivalent material and so arranged as to preserve the integrity of the divisions.

(e) Where ventilation ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 pass through "B" class bulkheads, the openings shall be lined with steel sheet sleeves of at least 900 mm in length, unless the ducts are of steel for this length in way of the bulkheads. When passing through a "B" class bulkhead, this length shall preferably be divided evenly on each side of the bulkhead.

(f) Such measures, as are practicable, shall be taken in respect of control stations outside machinery spaces in order to ensure that ventilation, visibility and freedom from smoke are maintained, so that, in the event of fire, the machinery and equipment contained therein may be supervised and continue to function effectively. Alternative and separate means of air supply shall be provided; air inlets of the two sources of supply shall be so disposed that the risk of both inlets drawing in smoke simultaneously is minimized. At the discretion of the Administration, such requirements need not apply to control stations situated on, and openings on to, an open deck, or where local closing arrangements are equally effective.

(g) Where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, the exhaust ducts from galley ranges shall be constructed of "A" class divisions. Each exhaust duct shall be fitted with:

(i) a grease trap readily removable for cleaning;

(ii) a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;

(iii) arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fan; and

(iv) fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct, except where the Administration considers such fittings impractical in a vessel of less than 75 m in length.

(2) The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from outside the spaces being ventilated. Power ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces shall be capable of being stopped from an easily accessible position outside the space being served. This position should not be readily cut off in the event of a fire in the spaces served. The means provided for stopping the power ventilation of the machinery spaces shall be entirely separate from the means provided for stopping ventilation of other spaces.

(3) Means shall be provided for closing, from a safe position, the annular spaces around funnels.

(4) Ventilation systems serving machinery spaces shall be independent of systems serving other spaces.

(5) Store-rooms containing appreciable quantities of highly flammable products shall be provided with ventilation arrangements which are separate from other ventilation systems. Ventilation shall be arranged at high and low levels and the inlets and outlets of ventilators shall be positioned in safe areas and fitted with spark arresters.

Regulation 10

Heating installations

(1) Electric radiators shall be fixed in position and so constructed as to reduce fire risks to a minimum. No such radiator shall be fitted with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or other similar materials can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element.

(2) Heating by means of open fires shall not be permitted. Heating stoves and other similar appliances shall be firmly secured and adequate protection and insulation against fire shall be provided beneath and around such appliances and in way of their uptakes. Uptakes of stoves which burn solid fuel shall be so arranged and designed as to minimize the possibility of becoming blocked by combustion products and shall have a ready means for cleaning. Dampers for limiting draughts in uptakes shall, when in the closed position, still leave an adequate area open. Spaces in which stoves are installed shall be provided with ventilators of sufficient area to provide adequate combustion-air for the stove. Such ventilators shall have no means of closure and their position shall be such that closing appliances in accordance with regulation II/9 are not required.

(3) Open flame gas appliances, except cooking stoves and water heaters, shall not be permitted. Spaces containing any such stoves or water heaters shall have adequate ventilation to remove fumes and possible gas leakage to a safe place. All pipes conveying gas from container to stove or water heater shall be of steel or other approved material. Automatic safety gas shut-off devices shall be fitted to operate on loss of pressure in the gas main pipe or flame failure on any appliance.

(4) Where gaseous fuel is used for domestic purposes, the arrangements, storage, distribution and use of the fuel shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration and in accordance with regulation 12.

Regulation 11

Miscellaneous items (20)

(1) All exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures and surfaces including grounds in concealed or inaccessible spaces in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall have low flame-spread characteristics. (21) Exposed surfaces of ceilings in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall have low flame-spread characteristics.

(2) Paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed interior surfaces shall not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke or toxic gases or vapours. The Administration shall be satisfied that they are not of a nature to offer an undue fire hazard.

(3) Primary deck coverings within accommodation and service spaces and control stations, shall be of approved material which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures. (22)

(4) Where "A" or "B" class divisions are penetrated for the passage of electrical cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc., or for the fitting of ventilation terminals, lighting fixtures and similar devices, arrangements shall be made to ensure that the fire integrity of the divisions is not impaired.

(5) (a) In accommodation and service spaces and control stations, pipes penetrating "A" or "B" class divisions shall be of approved materials having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand. Where the Administration permits the conveying of oil and combustible liquids through accommodation and service spaces, the pipes conveying oil or combustible liquids shall be of an approved material having regard to the fire risk.

(b) Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges and other outlets which are close to the waterline and where the failure of the material in the event of fire would give rise to danger of flooding.

(6) Cellulose-nitrate-based film shall not be used in cinematograph installations.

(7) All waste receptacles other than those used in fish processing shall be constructed of non-combustible materials with no openings in the sides or bottom.

(8) Machinery driving fuel oil transfer pumps, fuel oil unit pumps and other similar fuel pumps shall be fitted with remote controls situated outside the space concerned so that they can be stopped in the event of a fire arising in the space in which they are located.

(9) Drip trays shall be fitted, where necessary, to prevent oil leaking into bilges.

(10) Within compartments used for stowage of fish, combustible insulation shall be protected by close-fitting cladding.

Regulation 12

Storage of gas cylinders and dangerous materials

(1) Cylinders for compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases shall be clearly marked by means of prescribed identifying colours, have a clearly legible identification of the name and chemical formula of their contents and be properly secured.

(2) Cylinders containing flammable or other dangerous gases and expended cylinders shall be stored, properly secured on open decks and all valves, pressure regulators and pipes leading from such cylinders shall be protected against damage. Cylinders shall be protected against excessive variations in temperature, direct rays of the sun and accumulation of snow. However, the Administration may permit such cylinders to be stored in compartments complying with the requirements of paragraphs (3) to (5).

(3) Spaces containing highly flammable liquids, such as volatile paints, paraffin, benzole, etc., and, where permitted, liquefied gas, shall have direct access from open decks only. Pressure-adjusting devices and relief valves shall exhaust within the compartment. Where boundary bulkheads of such compartments adjoin other enclosed spaces, they shall be gastight.

(4) Except as necessary for service within the space, electrical wiring and fittings shall not be permitted within compartments used for the storage of highly flammable liquids or liquefied gases. Where such electrical fittings are installed, they shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration for use in a flammable atmosphere. Sources of heat shall be kept clear of such spaces and "No smoking" and "No naked light" notices shall be displayed in a prominent position.

(5) Separate storage shall be provided for each type of compressed gas. Compartments used for the storage of such gases shall not be used for storage of other combustible products nor for tools or objects not part of the gas distribution system. However, the Administration may relax these requirements considering the characteristics, volume and intended use of such compressed gases.

Regulation 13

Means of escape

(1) Stairways and ladders leading to and from all accommodation spaces and in spaces in which the crew is normally employed, other than machinery spaces, shall be so arranged as to provide ready means of escape to the open deck and, thence, to the survival craft. In particular, in relation to these spaces:

(a) at all levels of accommodation, at least two widely separated means of escape shall be provided which may include the normal means of access from each restricted space or group of spaces;

(b) (i) below the weather deck, the main means of escape shall be a stairway and the second escape may be a trunk or a stairway; and

(ii) above the weather deck, the means of escape shall be stairways or doors to an open deck or a combination thereof;

(c) exceptionally, the Administration may permit only one means of escape, due regard being paid to the nature and location of spaces and to the number of persons who normally might be accommodated or employed there;

(d) a corridor or part of a corridor from which there is only one route of escape, shall not exceed 7 m in length; and

(e) the width and continuity of the means of escape shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(2) Two means of escape shall be provided from every machinery space of category A by one of the following means:

(a) two sets of steel ladders as widely separated as possible leading to doors in the upper part of the space similarly separated and from which access is provided to the open deck. In general, one of these ladders shall provide continuous fire shelter from the lower part of the space to a safe position outside the space. However, the Administration may not require such shelter if, due to special arrangements or dimensions of the machinery space, a safe escape route from the lower part of this space is provided. This shelter shall be of steel, insulated, where necessary, to the satisfaction of the Administration and be provided with a self-closing steel door at the lower end; or

(b) one steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provided to the open deck and, additionally, in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel door capable of being operated from each side and which provides access to a safe escape route from the lower part of the space to the open deck.

(3) From machinery spaces other than those of category A, escape routes shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration having regard to the nature and location of the space and whether persons are normally employed in that space.

(4) Lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the required means of escape.

Regulation 14

Automatic sprinkler and fire alarm and fire detection systems (Method IIF)

(1) In vessels in which method IIF is adopted, an automatic sprinkler and fire alarm system of an approved type and complying with the requirements of this regulation shall be installed and so arranged as to protect accommodation spaces and service spaces except spaces which afford no substantial fire risks, such as void spaces and sanitary spaces.

(2) (a) The system shall be capable of immediate operation at all times and no action by the crew shall be necessary to set it in operation. It shall be of the wet pipe type, but small exposed sections may be of the dry pipe type where in the opinion of the Administration this is a necessary precaution. Any parts of the system which may be subjected to freezing temperatures in service shall be suitably protected against freezing. (23) It shall be kept charged at the necessary pressure and shall have provision for a continuous supply of water as required in paragraph (6)(b).

(b) Each section of sprinklers shall include means for giving a visible and audible alarm signal automatically at one or more indicating units whenever any sprinkler comes into operation. Such units shall indicate in which section served by the system, fire has occurred and shall be centralized in the wheelhouse and, in addition, visible and audible alarms from the unit shall be placed in a position other than in the wheelhouse, so as to ensure that the indication of fire is immediately received by the crew. Such an alarm system shall be so constructed as to indicate if any fault occurs in the system.

(3) (a) Sprinklers shall be grouped into separate sections, each of which shall contain not more than 200 sprinklers.

(b) Each section of sprinklers shall be capable of being isolated by one stop valve only. The stop valve in each section shall be readily accessible and its location shall be clearly and permanently indicated. Means shall be provided to prevent the operation of the stop valves by any unauthorized person.

(c) A gauge indicating the pressure in the system shall be provided at each section stop valve and at a central station

(d) The sprinklers shall be resistant to corrosion. In accommodation and service spaces, the sprinklers shall come into operation within the temperature range of 68ºC and 79ºC, except that in locations such as drying rooms, where high ambient temperatures might be expected, the operating temperature may be increased by not more than 30ºC above the maximum deck head temperature.

(e) A list or plan shall be displayed at each indicating unit showing the spaces covered and the location of the zone in respect of each section. Suitable instructions for testing and maintenance shall be available.

(4) Sprinklers shall be placed in an overhead position and spaced in a suitable pattern to maintain an average application rate of not less than 5 l/m2/min over the nominal area covered by the sprinklers. Alternatively, the Administration may permit the use of sprinklers providing such quantity of water suitably distributed as has been shown to the satisfaction of the Administration to be not less effective.

(5) (a) A pressure tank having a volume equal to at least twice that of the charge of water specified in this subparagraph shall be provided. The tank shall contain a standing charge of fresh water, equivalent to the amount of water which would be discharged in one minute by the pump referred to in paragraph (6)(b), and the arrangements shall provide for maintaining such air pressure in the tank as to ensure that, where the standing charge of fresh water in the tank has been used, the pressure will be not less than the working pressure of the sprinkler, plus the pressure due to a head of water measured from the bottom of the tank to the highest sprinkler in the system. Suitable means of replenishing the air under pressure and of replenishing the fresh water charge in the tank shall be provided. A glass gauge shall be provided to indicate the correct level of the water in the tank.

(b) Means shall be provided to prevent the passage of seawater into the tank.

(6) (a) An independent power pump shall be provided solely for the purpose of continuing automatically the discharge of water from the sprinklers. The pump shall be brought into action automatically by the pressure drop in the system before the standing fresh water charge in the pressure tank is completely exhausted.

(b) The pump and the piping system shall be capable of maintaining the necessary pressure at the level of the highest sprinkler to ensure a continuous output of water sufficient for the simultaneous coverage of the maximum area separated by fire-resisting bulkheads of "A" and "B" class divisions or an area of 280 m2 whichever is the less at the application rate specified in paragraph (4).

(c) The pump shall have fitted on the delivery side a test valve with a short open-ended discharge pipe. The effective area through the valve and pipe shall be adequate to permit the release of the required pump output while maintaining the pressure in the system specified in paragraph (5)(a).

(d) The sea inlet to the pump shall, wherever possible, be in the space containing the pump and shall be so arranged that, when the vessel is afloat, it will not be necessary to shut off the supply of seawater to the pump for any purpose other than the inspection or repair of the pump.

(7) The sprinkler pump and tank shall be situated in a position reasonably remote from any machinery space of category A and shall not be situated in any space required to be protected by the sprinkler system.

(8) (a) There shall not be less than two sources of power supply for the seawater pump and the automatic fire alarm and fire detection system. If the pump is electrically driven, it shall be connected to the main source of electrical power, which shall be capable of being supplied by at least two generators.

(b) The feeders shall be arranged so as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other enclosed spaces of high fire risk except, in so far as it is necessary to reach the appropriate switchboard. One of the sources of power supply for the fire alarm and fire detection system shall be an emergency source. Where one of the sources of power for the pump is an internal combustion-type engine, it shall, in addition to complying with the provisions of paragraph (7), be so situated that a fire in any protected space will not affect the air supply to that engine.

(9) The sprinkler system shall have a connection from the vessel's fire main by way of a lockable screw-down non-return valve at the connection which will prevent a backflow from the sprinkler system to the fire main.

(10) (a) A test valve shall be provided for testing the automatic alarm for each section of sprinklers by a discharge of water equivalent to the operation of one sprinkler. The test valve for each section shall be situated near the stop valve for that section.

(b) Means shall be provided for testing the automatic operation of the pump on reduction of pressure in the system.

(c) Switches shall be provided at one of the indicating positions referred to in paragraph (2)(b) which will enable the alarm and the indicators for each section of sprinklers to be tested.

(11) Spare sprinkler heads shall be provided for each section of sprinklers to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 15

Automatic fire alarm and fire detection systems (Method IIIF)

(1) In vessels, in which method IIIF is adopted, an automatic fire alarm and fire detection system of an approved type and complying with the requirements of this regulation shall be installed and so arranged as to detect the presence of fire in all accommodation spaces and service spaces except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk, such as void spaces and sanitary spaces.

(2) (a) The system shall be capable of immediate operation at all times and no action of the crew shall be necessary to set it in operation.

(b) Each section of detectors shall include means for giving a visible and audible alarm signal automatically at one or more indicating units whenever any detector comes into operation. Such units shall indicate in which section served by the system a fire has occurred and shall be centralized on the wheelhouse and such other positions as will ensure that any alarm from the system is immediately received by the crew. Additionally, arrangements shall be provided to ensure that an alarm is sounded on the deck on which the fire has been detected. Such an alarm and detection system shall be so constructed as to indicate if any fault occurs in the system.

(3) Detectors shall be grouped into separate sections, each covering not more than 50 rooms served by such a system and containing not more than 100 detectors. Detectors shall be zoned to indicate on which deck a fire has occurred.

(4) The system shall be operated by an abnormal air temperature, by an abnormal concentration of smoke or by other factors indicative of incipient fire in any one of the spaces to be protected. Systems which are sensitive to air temperature shall not operate at less than 54ºC and shall operate at a temperature not greater than 78ºC when the temperature increase to those levels is not more than 1ºC per minute. At the discretion of the Administration, the permissible temperature of operation may be increased to 30ºC above the maximum deckhead temperature in drying rooms and similar places of normally high ambient temperature. Systems which are sensitive to smoke concentration shall operate on the reduction of the intensity of a transmitted light beam by an amount to be determined by the Administration. Other equally effective methods of operation may be accepted at the discretion of the Administration. The detection system shall not be used for any purpose other than fire detection.

(5) The detectors may be arranged to operate the alarm by the opening or closing of contacts or by other appropriate methods. They shall be fitted in an overhead position and shall be suitably protected against impact and physical damage. They shall be suitable for use in a marine atmosphere. They shall be placed in an open position clear of beams and other objects likely to obstruct the flow of hot gases or smoke to the sensitive element. Detectors operated by the closing of contacts shall be of the sealed contact type and the circuit shall be continuously monitored to indicate fault conditions.

(6) At least one detector shall be installed in each space where detection facilities are required and there shall be not less than one detector for each 37 m2 of deck area approximately. In large spaces the detectors shall be arranged in a regular pattern so that no detector is more than 9 m from another detector or more than 4.5 m from a bulkhead.

(7) There shall be not less than two sources of power supply for the electrical equipment used in the operation of the fire alarm and fire detection system, one of which shall be an emergency source. The supply shall be provided by separate feeders reserved solely for that purpose. Such feeders shall run to a change-over switch situated in the control station for the fire detection system. The wiring system shall be so arranged as to avoid galleys, machinery spaces and other enclosed spaces having a high fire risk, except, in so far as it is necessary, to provide for fire detection in such spaces or to reach the appropriate switchboard.

(8) (a) A list or plan shall be displayed adjacent to each indicating unit showing the spaces covered and the location of the zone in respect of each system. Suitable instructions for testing and maintenance shall be available.

(b) Provision shall be made for testing the correct operation of the detectors and the indicating units by supplying means for applying hot air or smoke at detector positions.

(9) Spare detector heads shall be provided for each section of detectors, to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 16

Fixed fire-extinguishing arrangements in cargo spaces of high fire risk

Cargo spaces of high fire risk shall be protected by a fixed gas fire-extinguishing system or by a fire-extinguishing system which gives equivalent protection, to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 17

Fire pumps

(1) At least two fire pumps shall be provided.

(2) If a fire in any one compartment could put all the fire pumps out of action, there shall be an alternative means of providing water for fire fighting. In vessels of 75 m in length and over, this alternative means shall be a fixed emergency fire pump independently driven. This emergency fire pump shall be capable of supplying two jets of water, to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(3) (a) The fire pumps, other than the emergency pump, shall be capable of delivering for fire-fighting purposes a quantity of water at a minimum pressure of 0.25 N/mm2, with a total capacity (Q) of at least:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/2023/02/04100/0001000300.pdf))

However, the total required capacity of the fire pumps need not exceed 180 m3/h.

(b) Each of the required fire pumps other than any emergency pump shall have a capacity of not less than 40 % of the total capacity of fire pumps required by subparagraph (a) and shall, in any event, be capable of delivering at least the jets of water required by regulation 19(2)(a). These fire pumps shall be capable of supplying the fire main systems under the required conditions. Where more than two pumps are installed, the capacity of such additional pumps shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(4) (a) Fire pumps shall be independently driven power pumps. Sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, provided that they are not normally used for pumping oil and that, if they are subject to occasional duty for the transfer or pumping of fuel oil, suitable change-over arrangements are fitted.

(b) Relief valves shall be provided in conjunction with all fire pumps if the pumps are capable of developing a pressure exceeding the design pressure of the water service pipes, hydrants and hoses. These valves shall be so placed and adjusted as to prevent excessive pressure in any of the fire main systems.

(c) Emergency power-operated fire pumps shall be independently driven self-contained pumps either with their own diesel engine prime mover and fuel supply fitted in an accessible position outside the compartment which contains the main fire pumps, or be driven by a self-contained generator, which may be the emergency generator referred to in regulation IV/17, of sufficient capacity and which is positioned in a safe place outside the engine-room and preferably above the working deck. The emergency fire pump shall be capable of operating for a period of at least 3 h.

(d) Emergency fire pumps, sea-suction valves and other necessary valves shall be operable from outside compartments containing main fire pumps in a position not likely to be cut off by a fire in those compartments.

Regulation 18

Fire mains

(1) (a) Where more than one hydrant is required to provide the number of jets specified in regulation 19(2)(a), a fire main shall be provided.

(b) Fire mains shall have no connections other than those required for fire fighting, except for the purpose of washing the deck and anchor chains and operation of bilge ejectors, subject to the efficiency of the fire-fighting system being maintained.

(c) Where fire mains are not self-draining, suitable drain cocks shall be fitted where frost damage could be expected. (24)

(2) (a) The diameter of the fire main and water service pipes shall be sufficient for the effective distribution of the maximum required discharge from two fire pumps operating simultaneously or of 140 m3/h, whichever is the less.

(b) With the two pumps simultaneously delivering through nozzles specified in regulation 19(5) the quantity of water specified in subparagraph (a), through any adjacent hydrants, the minimum pressure of 0.25 N/mm2 shall be maintained at all hydrants.

Regulation 19

Fire hydrants, fire hoses and nozzles

(1) (a) The number of fire hoses provided shall be equal to the number of fire hydrants arranged according to paragraph (2) and one spare hose. This number does not include any fire hoses required in any engine or boiler room. The Administration may increase the number of fire hoses required so as to ensure that hoses in sufficient number are available and accessible at all times, having regard to the size of the vessel.

(b) Fire hoses shall be of approved material and sufficient in length to project a jet of water to any of the spaces in which they may be required to be used. Their maximum length shall be 20 m. Every fire hose shall be provided with a nozzle and the necessary couplings. Fire hoses shall, together with any necessary fittings and tools, be kept ready for use in conspicuous positions near the water service hydrants or connections.

(2) (a) The number and position of the hydrants shall be such that at least two jets of water not emanating from the same hydrant, one of which shall be from a single length of fire hose, may reach any part of the vessel normally accessible to the crew while the vessel is being navigated.

(b) All required hydrants shall be fitted with fire hoses having dual purpose nozzles as required by paragraph (5). One hydrant shall be located near the entrance of the space to be protected.

(3) Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for fire mains and hydrants, unless adequately protected. The pipes and hydrants shall be so placed that the fire hoses may be easily coupled to them. In vessels where deck cargo may be carried, the positions of the hydrants shall be such that they are always readily accessible and the pipes shall be arranged, as far as practicable, to avoid risk of damage by such cargo. Unless one fire hose and nozzle is provided for each hydrant, there shall be complete interchangeability of fire hose couplings and nozzles.

(4) A cock or valve shall be fitted to serve each fire hose so that any fire hose may be removed while the fire pumps are operating.

(5) (a) Standard nozzle sizes shall be 12 mm, 16 mm and 19 mm or as near thereto as possible. Larger diameter nozzles may be permitted at the discretion of the Administration.

(b) For accommodation and service spaces, a nozzle size greater than 12 mm need not be used.

(c) For machinery spaces and exterior locations, the nozzle size shall be such as to obtain the maximum discharge possible from two jets at the pressure specified in regulation 18(2)(b) from the smallest pump, provided that a nozzle size greater than 19 mm need not be used.

Regulation 20

Fire extinguishers (25)

(1) Fire extinguishers shall be of approved types. The capacity of required portable fluid extinguishers shall be not more than 13.5 l and not less than 9 l. Other extinguishers shall not be in excess of the equivalent portability of the 13.5 l fluid extinguisher and shall not be less than the fire-extinguishing equivalent of a 9 l fluid extinguisher. The Administration shall determine the equivalents of fire extinguishers.

(2) Spare charges shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(3) Fire extinguishers containing an extinguishing medium which, in the opinion of the Administration, either by itself or under expected conditions of use, gives off toxic gases in such quantities as to endanger persons shall not be permitted.

(4) Fire extinguishers shall be periodically examined and subjected to such tests as the Administration may require.

(5) Normally, one of the portable fire extinguishers intended for use in any space shall be stowed near an entrance to that space.

Regulation 21

Portable fire extinguishers in control stations and accommodation and service spaces

(1) At least five approved portable fire extinguishers shall be provided in control stations and accommodation and service spaces, to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(2) Spare charges shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 22

Fire-extinguishing appliances in machinery spaces

(1) (a) Spaces containing oil-fired boilers or fuel oil units shall be provided with one of the following fixed fire-extinguishing systems, to the satisfaction of the Administration:

(i) a pressure water-spraying installation;

(ii) a fire-smothering gas installation;

(iii) a fire-extinguishing installation using vapours from low toxicity vapourizing liquids; or

(iv) a fire-extinguishing installation using high expansion foam.

Where the engine and boiler rooms are not entirely separate, or if fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine-room, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall be considered as one compartment.

(b) New installations of halogenated hydrocarbon systems used as fire-extinguishing media shall be prohibited on new and existing vessels.

(c) Every boiler room shall be provided with at least one set of portable air-foam equipment to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(d) At least two approved portable extinguishers discharging foam or equivalent shall be provided in each firing space in each boiler room and each space in which a part of the fuel oil installation is situated. At least one approved foam-type extinguisher of at least 135 l capacity or equivalent shall be provided with hoses on reels suitable for reaching any part of the boiler room. The Administration may relax the requirements of this subparagraph, having regard to the size and nature of the space to be protected.

(e) In each firing space, there shall be a receptacle containing sand, sawdust impregnated with soda or other approved dry material, in such quantity as may be required by the Administration. Alternatively, an approved portable extinguisher may be provided.

(2) Spaces containing internal combustion machinery used either for main propulsion or for other purposes, when such machinery has a total power output of not less than 750 kW, shall be provided with the following arrangements:

(a) one of the fire-extinguishing systems required by paragraph (1)(a);

(b) at least one set of portable air-foam equipment to the satisfaction of the Administration; and

(c) in each such space, approved foam-type fire extinguishers each of at least 45 l capacity, or equivalent, sufficient in number to enable foam or its equivalent to be directed on to any part of the fuel and lubricating oil pressure systems, gearing and other fire hazards. In addition, there shall be provided a sufficient number of portable foam extinguishers or equivalent which shall be so located that an extinguisher is not more than 10 m walking distance from any point in the space, provided that there shall be at least two such extinguishers in each such space. For smaller spaces, the Administration may relax these requirements.

(3) Spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed steam engines used either for main propulsion, or for other purposes, when such machinery has a total power output of not less than 750 kW shall be provided with the following arrangements:

(a) foam fire extinguishers each of at least 45 l capacity, or equivalent, sufficient in number to enable foam or its equivalent to be directed on to any part of the pressure lubrication system, on to any part of the casings enclosing pressure lubricated parts of the turbines, engines or associated gearing, and any other fire hazards. Provided that such extinguishers shall not be required if protection at least equivalent to that of this subparagraph is provided in such spaces by a fixed fire-extinguishing system fitted in compliance with paragraph (1)(a); and

(b) a sufficient number of portable foam extinguishers, or equivalent, which shall be so located that an extinguisher is not more than 10 m walking distance from any point in the space; provided that there shall be at least two such extinguishers in each such space, and such extinguishers shall not be required in addition to any provided in compliance with paragraph (2)(c).

(4) Where, in the opinion of the Administration, a fire hazard exists in any machinery space for which no specific provisions for fire-extinguishing appliances are prescribed in paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), there shall be provided in, or adjacent to, that space a number of approved portable fire extinguishers or other means of fire extinction to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(5) Where fixed fire-extinguishing systems not required by this part are installed, such systems shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(6) For any machinery space of category A to which access is provided at a low level from an adjacent shaft tunnel, there shall be provided, in addition to any watertight door and on the side remote from that machinery space, a light steel fire-screen door which shall be capable of being operated from each side of the door.

Regulation 23

International shore connection

(1) At least one international shore connection, complying with paragraph (2), shall be provided.

(2) Standard dimensions of flanges for the international shore connection shall be in accordance with the following table:

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/2023/02/04100/0001000300.pdf))

(3) This connection shall be constructed of material suitable for 1 N/mm2 service pressure.

(4) The flange shall have a flat face on one side and the other shall have a coupling permanently attached thereto that will fit the vessel's hydrant and hose. The connection shall be kept aboard the vessel together with a gasket of any material suitable for 1 N/mm2 service pressure, together with four 16 mm bolts 50 mm in length and eight washers.

(5) Facilities shall be available enabling such a connection to be used on either side of the vessel.

Regulation 24

Fireman's outfits

(1) At least two fireman's outfits shall be carried to the satisfaction of the Administration.

(2) The fireman's outfits shall be stored so as to be easily accessible and ready for use and shall be stored in widely separated positions.

Regulation 25

Fire control plan

There shall be a permanently exhibited fire control plan to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Regulation 26

Ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances

Fire-extinguishing appliances shall be kept in good order and available for immediate use at all times.

Regulation 27

Acceptance of substitutes

Where in this part any special type of appliance, apparatus, extinguishing medium or arrangement is specified, any other type of appliance, etc., may be allowed, provided the Administration is satisfied that it is not less effective.

PART C

Fire safety measures in vessels of 45 metres in length and over but less than 60 metres

Regulation 28

Structural fire protection

(1) The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of non-combustible materials. The Administration may permit combustible construction, provided the requirements of this regulation and the additional fire-extinguishing requirements of regulation 40(3) are complied with.

(2) (a) In vessels, the hull of which is constructed of non-combustible materials, the decks and bulkheads separating machinery spaces of category A from accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall be constructed to "A-60" class standard where the machinery space of category A is not provided with a fixed fire-extinguishing system and to "A-30" class standard where such a system is fitted. Decks and bulkheads separating other machinery spaces from accommodation, service spaces and control stations shall be constructed to "A-0" class standard. Decks and bulkheads separating control stations from accommodation and service spaces shall be constructed to "A" class standard, insulated to the satisfaction of the Administration, except that an Administration may permit the fitting of "B-15" class divisions for separating such spaces as skipper's cabin from the wheelhouse.

(b) In vessels, the hull of which is constructed of combustible materials, the decks and bulkheads separating machinery spaces from accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall be constructed to "F" class or "B-15" class standard. In addition, machinery space boundaries shall, as far as practicable, prevent the passage of smoke. Decks and bulkheads separating control stations from accommodation and service spaces shall be constructed to "F" class standard.

(3) (a) In vessels, the hull of which is constructed of non-combustible materials, bulkheads of corridors serving accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be of "B-15" class divisions.

(b) In vessels, the hull of which is constructed of combustible materials, bulkheads of corridors serving accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be of "F" class divisions.

(c) Any bulkhead required by subparagraph (a) or (b) shall extend from deck to deck unless a continuous ceiling of the same class as the bulkhead is fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, in which case the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling.

(4) Interior stairways serving accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall be of steel or other equivalent material. Such stairways shall be within enclosures constructed of "F" class divisions in vessels the hull of which is constructed of combustible materials, or "B-15" class divisions in vessels the hull of which is constructed of non-combustible materials, provided that, where a stairway penetrates only one deck, it need be enclosed at one level only.

(5) Doors and other closures of openings in bulkheads and decks referred to in paragraphs (2) and (3), doors fitted to stairway enclosures referred to in paragraph (4) and doors fitted in engine and boiler casings, shall be as far as practicable equivalent in resisting fire to the divisions in which they are fitted. Doors to machinery spaces of category A shall be self-closing.

(6) Lift trunks which pass through the accommodation and service spaces shall be constructed of steel or equivalent material and shall be provided with means of closing which will permit control of draught and smoke.

(7) (a) In vessels, the hull of which is constructed of combustible materials, the boundary bulkheads and decks of spaces containing any emergency source of power and bulkheads and decks between galleys, paint rooms, lamp rooms or any store-rooms which contain appreciable quantities of highly flammable materials, and accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall be constructed of "F" class or "B-15" class divisions.

(b) In vessels, the hull of which is constructed of non-combustible materials, the decks and bulkheads referred to in subparagraph (a) shall be "A" class divisions insulated to the satisfaction of the Administration, having in mind the risk of fire, except that the Administration may accept "B-15'" class divisions between a galley and accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations when the galley contains electrically heated furnaces, electrically heated hot water appliances or other electrically heated appliances only.

(c) Highly flammable products shall be carried in suitably sealed containers.

(8) Where bulkheads or decks required by paragraphs (2), (3), (5) or (7) to be of "A" class, "B" class or "F" class divisions, are penetrated for the passage of electrical cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc., arrangements shall be made to ensure that the fire integrity of the division is not impaired.

(9) Air spaces enclosed behind ceilings, panellings or linings in accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be divided by close-fitting draught stops spaced not more than 7 m apart.

(10) Windows and skylights to machinery spaces shall be as follows:

(a) where skylights can be opened, they shall be capable of being closed from outside the space. Skylights containing glass panels shall be fitted with external shutters of steel or other equivalent material permanently attached;

(b) glass or similar materials shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries. This does not preclude the use of wire-reinforced glass for skylights and glass in control rooms within the machinery spaces; and

(c) in skylights referred to in subparagraph (a), wire-reinforced glass shall be used.

(11) Insulating materials in accommodation spaces, service spaces except domestic refrigerating compartments, control stations and machinery spaces shall be non-combustible. The surface of insulation fitted on the internal boundaries of machinery spaces of category A shall be impervious to oil or oil vapours.

(12) Within compartments used for stowage of fish, combustible insulation shall be protected by close-fitting cladding.

(13) Notwithstanding the requirements of this regulation, the Administration may accept "A-0" class divisions in lieu of "B-15" or "F" class divisions, having regard to the amount of combustible materials used in adjacent spaces.

Regulation 29

Ventilation systems

(1) Except as provided for in regulation 30(2), means shall be provided to stop fans and close main openings to ventilation systems from outside the spaces served.

(2) Means shall be provided for closing, from a safe position, the annular spaces around funnels.

(3) Ventilation openings may be permitted in and under the doors in corridor bulkheads except that such openings shall not be permitted in and under stairway enclosure doors. The openings shall be provided only in the lower half of a door. Where such opening is in or under a door, the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m2. When such opening is cut in a door, it shall be fitted with a grille made of non-combustible material.

(4) Ventilation ducts for machinery spaces of category A or galleys shall not, in general, pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations. Where the Administration permits this arrangement, the ducts shall be constructed of steel or equivalent material and arranged to preserve the integrity of the divisions.

(5) Ventilation ducts of accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not, in general, pass through machinery spaces of category A or through galleys. Where the Administration permits this arrangement, the ducts shall be constructed of steel or equivalent material and arranged to preserve the integrity of the divisions.

(6) Store-rooms containing appreciable quantities of highly flammable products shall be provided with ventilation arrangements which are separate from other ventilation systems. Ventilation shall be arranged at high and low levels and the inlets and outlets of ventilators shall be positioned in safe areas. Suitable wire mesh guards to arrest sparks shall be fitted over inlet and outlet ventilation openings.

(7) Ventilation systems serving machinery spaces shall be independent of systems serving other spaces.

(8) Where trunks or ducts serve spaces on both sides of "A" class bulkheads or decks, dampers shall be fitted so as to prevent the spread of fire and smoke between compartments. Manual dampers shall be operable from both sides of the bulkhead or the deck. Where the trunks or ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 pass through "A" class bulkheads or decks, automatic self-closing dampers shall be fitted. Trunks serving compartments situated only on one side of such bulkheads shall comply with regulation 9(1)(b).

Regulation 30

Heating installations

(1) Electric radiators shall be fixed in position and so constructed as to reduce fire risks to a minimum. No such radiator shall be fitted with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains or other similar materials can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element.

(2) Heating by means of open fires shall not be permitted. Heating stoves and other similar appliances shall be firmly secured and adequate protection and insulation against fire shall be provided beneath and around such appliances and in way of their uptakes. Uptakes of stoves which burn solid fuel shall be so arranged and designed as to minimize the possibility of becoming blocked by combustion products and shall have a ready means for cleaning. Dampers for limiting draughts in uptakes shall, when in the closed position, still leave an adequate area open. Spaces in which stoves are installed shall be provided with ventilators of sufficient area to provide adequate combustion-air for the stove. Such ventilators shall have no means of closure and their position shall be such that no closing appliances in accordance with regulation II/9 are required.

(3) Open flame gas appliances, except cooking stoves and water heaters, shall not be permitted. Spaces containing any such stoves or water heaters shall have adequate ventilation to remove fumes and possible gas leakage to a safe place. All pipes conveying gas from container to stove or water heater shall be of steel or other approved material. Automatic safety gas shut-off devices shall be fitted to operate on loss of pressure in the gas main pipe or flame failure on any appliance.

Regulation 31

Miscellaneous items (26)

(1) Exposed surfaces within accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations, corridor and stairway enclosures and the concealed surfaces behind bulkheads, ceilings, panellings and linings in accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall have low flame-spread characteristics. (27)

(2) All exposed surfaces of glass reinforced plastic construction within accommodation and service spaces, control stations, machinery spaces of category A and other machinery spaces of similar fire risk shall have the final lay-up layer of approved resin having inherent fire-retardant properties or be coated with an approved fire-retardant paint or be protected by non-combustible materials.

(3) Paints, varnishes and other finishes used on exposed interior surfaces shall not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke or toxic gases or vapours. The Administration shall be satisfied that they are not of a nature to offer an undue fire hazard.

(4) Primary deck coverings within accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be of approved material which will not readily ignite or give rise to toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures. (28)

(5) (a) In accommodation and service spaces and control stations, pipes penetrating "A" or "B" class divisions shall be of approved materials having regard to the temperature such divisions are required to withstand. Where the Administration permits the conveying of oil and combustible liquids through accommodation and service spaces, the pipes conveying oil or combustible liquids shall be of an approved material having regard to the fire risk.

(b) Materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges and other outlets which are close to the waterline and where the failure of the material in the event of fire would give rise to danger of flooding.

(6) All waste receptacles, other than those used in fish processing, shall be constructed of non-combustible materials with no openings in the sides and bottom.

(7) Machinery driving fuel oil transfer pumps, fuel oil unit pumps and other similar fuel pumps shall be fitted with remote controls situated outside the space concerned so that they can be stopped in the event of a fire arising in the space in which they are located.

(8) Drip trays shall be fitted, where necessary, to prevent oil leaking into bilges.

Regulation 32

Storage of gas cylinders and dangerous materials

(1) Cylinders for compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases shall be clearly marked by means of prescribed identifying colours, have a clearly legible identification of the name and chemical formula of their contents and be properly secured.

(2) Cylinders containing flammable or other dangerous gases and expended cylinders shall be stored, properly secured, on open decks and all valves, pressure regulators and pipes leading from such cylinders shall be protected against damage. Cylinders shall be protected against excessive variations in temperature, direct rays of the sun, and accumulation of snow. However, the Administration may permit such cylinders to be stored in compartments complying with the requirements of paragraphs (3) to (5).

(3) Spaces containing highly flammable liquids, such as volatile paints, paraffin, benzole, etc., and, where permitted, liquefied gas, shall have direct access from open decks only. Pressure-adjusting devices and relief valves shall exhaust within the compartment. Where boundary bulkheads of such compartments adjoin other enclosed spaces, they shall be gastight.

(4) Except as necessary for service within the space, electrical wiring and fittings shall not be permitted within compartments used for the storage of highly flammable liquids or liquefied gases. Where such electrical fittings are installed, they shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration for use in a flammable atmosphere. Sources of heat shall be kept clear of such spaces and "No smoking" and "No naked light" notices shall be displayed in a prominent position.

(5) Separate storage shall be provided for each type of compressed gas. Compartments used for the storage of such gases shall not be used for storage of other combustible products nor for tools or objects not part of the gas distribution system. However, the Administration may relax these requirements considering the characteristics, volume and intended use of such compressed gases.

Regulation 33

Means of escape

(1) Stairways and ladders leading to and from all accommodation spaces and in spaces in which the crew is normally employed, other than machinery spaces, shall be so arranged as to provide ready means of escape to the open deck and, thence, to the survival craft. In particular, in relation to these spaces:

(a) at all levels of accommodation at least two widely separated means of escape shall be provided which may include the normal means of access from each restricted space or group of spaces;

(b) (i) below the weather deck, the means of escape shall be a stairway and the second escape may be a trunk or a stairway; and

(ii) above the weather deck, the means of escape shall be stairways or doors to an open deck or a combination thereof. Where it is not practicable to fit stairways or doors, one of these means of escape may be by means of adequately sized portholes or hatches protected, where necessary, against ice accretion;