Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 of 12 December 2017 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 (Text with EEA relevance. )

• (1) ‘Rolling resistance coefficient Cr’ means a ratio of the rolling resistance to the load on the tyre

• (2) ‘The load on the tyre FZTYRE’ means a load applied to the tyre during the rolling resistance test.

• (3) ‘Type of tyre’ means a range of tyres which do not differ in such characteristics as:
• (a) Manufacturer's name;
• (b) Brand name or trade mark  ;
• (c) Tyre class (in accordance with UN Regulation No. 117);
• (d) Tyre-size designation;
• (e) Tyre structure (diagonal (bias-ply), radial);
• (f) Category of use (normal tyre, snow tyre, special use tyre) as defined in  UN Regulation No.117;
• (g) Speed category (categories);
• (h) Load-capacity index (indices);
• (i) Trade description/commercial name;
• (j) Declared tyre rolling resistance coefficient

• (4) ‘FuelEfficiencyClass’ is a parameter corresponding to the fuel efficiency class of the tyre as defined in Regulation (EU) 2020/740 ([^E0056]) Annex I, part A. For tyres which are not in the scope of Regulation (EU) 2020/740, the fuel efficiency class of the tyre is not applicable and parameter FuelEfficiencyClass shall be recorded in Appendix 3 as ‘N/A’.

• 3.1. The tyre manufacturer plant shall be certified to  IATF 16949.

• 3.2. Tyre rolling resistance coefficient measurement

The tyre rolling resistance coefficient shall be measured and aligned in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740 Annex I, part A, expressed in N/kN and rounded to the first decimal place, in accordance with ISO 80000-1 Appendix B, section B.3, rule B (example 1).

The standard rolling resistance coefficient value for C2 and C3 tyres shall be the one corresponding to snow tyres for use in severe snow conditions as set out in UN Regulation No. 117 paragraph 6.3.2. For tyres not in the scope of Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 ([^E0057]) or Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 ([^E0058]), the standard value shall be 13,0 N/kN and the FuelEfficiencyClass shall be stated as ‘N/A’.

The standard FzISO value shall be the one obtained as a percentage of the vertical force related to tyre load index at nominal tyre pressure (and single tyre application). For C2 and C3 tyres this percentage shall be 85 %, for other tyres the percentage shall be 80 %.

• 3.3. Measurement provisions

The tyre manufacturer shall test either in a laboratory of technical services as defined in Article 68 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858 the test referred to in point 3.2, or in its own facilities in the case that:

• (i) a representative of a technical service designated by the responsible approval authority supervises the test; or

• (ii) the tyre manufacturer is designated as a technical service of Category A in accordance with Article 68 of Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

• 3.4. Marking and traceability

• 3.4.1. The tyre shall be clearly identifiable in respect to the applicable certificate and the corresponding rolling resistance coefficient.

• 3.4.2. The tyre manufacturer shall use the markings affixed to the side wall of the tyre or affix an additional identifier to the tyre. The additional identification shall ensure a unique link of the tyre and its rolling resistance coefficient. It may take a form of:

- — quick response (QR) code,

• — barcode,

• — radio-frequency identification (RFID),

• — an additional marking, or

• — other tool fulfilling the requirements of 3.4.1.

• 3.4.3. If an additional identifier is used it shall remain readable until the moment of sales of the vehicle.

• 3.4.4. In line with Article 38(2) of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, no type-approval mark is required for tyres certified in accordance with this Regulation.

• 4.1. Any tyre certified under this Regulation shall be in conformity to the declared rolling resistance value as per paragraph 3.2 of this Annex.

• 4.2. In order to verify conformity of the certified CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties, production samples shall be taken randomly from series production and tested in accordance with the provisions set out in paragraph 3.2.  The tests have to be performed on new test tyres in the sense of the definition set out in paragraph 2 of UN Regulation No. 117.

• 4.3. Frequency of the tests

• 4.3.1 The tyre rolling resistance of at least one tyre of a specific type intended for the sales to the original equipment manufacturers shall be tested every 20 000 units of this type per year (e.g. 2 conformity verifications per year of the type whose annual sales volume to the original equipment manufacturers is between 20 001 and 40 000  units).

• 4.3.2 In case the deliveries of a specific tyre type intended for the sales to the original equipment manufacturers is between 500 and 20 000 units per year, at least one conformity verification of the type shall be carried out per year.

• 4.3.3 In case the deliveries of a specific tyre type intended for the sales to the original equipment manufacturers is below 500 units, at least one conformity verification as described in paragraph 4.4 shall be applied every second year.

• 4.3.4 If the volume of tyres delivered to the original equipment manufacturers indicated in 4.3.1 is met within 31 calendar days the maximum number of conformity verifications as described in paragraph 4.3 is limited to one per 31 calendar days.

- 4.3.5 The manufacturer shall justify (ex. by showing sales numbers) to the approval authority the number of tests which has been performed

- 4.4 Verification procedure

- 4.4.1 A single tyre shall be tested in accordance with paragraph 3.2. By default, the machine alignment equation shall be the one valid at the date of verification testing.  —————

- 4.4.2 In the case that the measured and aligned value is lower or equal to the declared value plus 0,3 N/kN, the tyre rolling resistance value is considered compliant.

• 4.4.3 Where the measured and aligned value exceeds the declared value by more than 0,3 N/kN, the alignment equation that was valid at the time of the certification testing may be applied upon request of the tyre manufacturer and in agreement with the authority that is supervising the verification.

• 4.4.3.1 If the measured and realigned value is lower or equal to the declared value plus 0,3 N/kN, the tyre rolling resistance value is considered compliant.

• 4.4.3.2 If the measured value, aligned as per points 4.4.3 and 4.4.3.1, exceeds the declared value by more than 0,3 N/kN, three additional tyres shall be tested. If the measured value, aligned as per points 4.4.3 and 4.4.3.1, of at least one of the three tyres exceeds the declared value by more than 0,4 N/kN, Article 23 shall apply.

Appendix 1

MODEL OF A CERTIFICATE OF A COMPONENT, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNIT OR SYSTEM

Maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm)

CERTIFICATE ON CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF A TYRE FAMILY

Communication concerning: — granting [^E0059] — extension [^E0059] — refusal [^E0059] — withdrawal [^E0059]	Administration stamp

‘delete as appropriate’

of a certificate on CO2 emission and fuel consumption related properties of a tyre family in accordance with Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2400, as amended by Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/318

Certification number: …

Hash: …

Reason for extension: …

• 1.Manufacturer's name and address: …

• 2.If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's representative: …

• 3.Brand name/trade mark: …

• 4.Tyre type description: …

• (a) Manufacturer's name …

• (b) Brand name or trade mark

• (c) Tyre class (in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 or Regulation (EU) 2019/2144)

• (d) Tyre-size designation …

• (e) Tyre structure (diagonal (bias-ply); radial) …

• (f) Category of use (normal tyre, snow tyre, special use tyre) …

• (g) Speed category (categories) …

• (h) Load-capacity index (indices) …

• (i) Trade description/commercial name …

• (j) Declared tyre rolling resistance coefficient …

• 5.Tyre identification code(s) and technology(ies) used to provide identification code(s), if applicable:

Technology:	Code:
…	…

• 6.Technical Service and, where appropriate, test laboratory approved for purposes of approval or of verification of conformity tests: …

• 7.Declared values:

• 7.1. declared rolling resistance level of the tyre (in N/kN rounded to the first decimal place, in accordance with ISO 80000-1 Appendix B, section B.3, rule B (example 1)) Cr, … [N/kN]

- 7.2. tyre test load in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2020/740, Annex I, part A

FZTYRE…[N]

- 7.3. Alignment equation: …

- 8.Any remarks: …

• 9.Place: …

• 10.Date: …

• 11.Signature: …

• 12.Annexed to this communication are: …

Appendix 2

Tyre rolling resistance coefficient information document

SECTION I

• 0.1 Name and address of manufacturer;

• 0.2 Brand name(s)/trademark(s);

• 0.3 Name and address of applicant:

• 0.4 Trade description(s)/commercial name(s);

• 0.5 Tyre class (in accordance with UN Regulation No. 117);

• 0.6 Tyre-size designation;

• 0.7 Tyre structure (diagonal (bias-ply); radial);

• 0.8 Category of use (normal tyre, snow tyre, special use tyre);

• 0.9 Speed category (categories);

- 0.10 Load-capacity index (indices);

• 0.11 -

• 0.12 Declared rolling resistance coefficient;

• 0.13 Tool(s) to provide additional rolling resistance coefficient identification code (if any);

• 0.15 Load FZTYRE: … [N]

• 0.16 Tyre Type Approval Marking (in accordance with UN Regulation No. 117), if applicable;

• 0.17 Tyre Type Approval Marking (in accordance with UN Regulation No. 54 or 30 ([^E0060])

SECTION II

• 1. Approval Authority or Technical Service [or Accredited Lab]:

• 1. Test report No.:

• 1. Comments (if any):

• 1. Date of test report:

• 1. Test machine identification and drum diameter/surface:

• 1. Test tyre details:

• 6.1. Tyre size designation and service description:

• 6.2. Tyre brand/ trade description:

• 6.3. Reference test inflation pressure: kPa

• 1. Test data:

• 7.1. Measurement method:

• 7.2. Test speed: km/h

• 7.3. Load FZTYRE: N

• 7.4. Test inflation pressure, initial: kPa

• 7.5. Distance from the tyre axis to the drum outer surface under steady state conditions, rL: m

• 7.6. Test rim width and material:

• 7.7. Ambient temperature: °C

• 7.8. Skim test load (except deceleration method): N

- 8. Rolling resistance coefficient:

- 8.1. Initial value (or average in the case there is more than one): N/kN

- 8.2. Temperature corrected: … N/kN

• 8.3. Temperature and drum diameter corrected: N/kN

- 8.4. Alignment equation:

• 8.5. Rolling resistance level of the tyre (in N/kN rounded to the first decimal place, in accordance with ISO80000-1 Appendix B, section B.3, rule B (example 1)) Cr,aligned: … [N/kN]

• 1. Date of test:

Appendix 3

Input parameters for the simulation tool

Introduction

This Appendix describes the list of parameters to be provided by the component manufacturer as input to the simulation tool. The applicable XML schema as well as example data are available at the dedicated electronic distribution platform.

Definitions

• (1) ‘Parameter ID’:Unique identifier as used in the simulation tool for a specific input parameter or set of input data

• (2) ‘Type’:

Data type of the parameter

- string … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding

- token … sequence of characters in ISO8859-1 encoding, no leading/trailing whitespace

• date … date and time in UTC time in the format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ with italic letters denoting fixed characters e.g. ‘2002-05-30T09:30:10Z’

- integer … value with an integral data type, no leading zeros, e.g. ‘1800’

- double, X … fractional number with exactly X digits after the decimal sign (‘.’) and no leading zeros e.g. for ‘double, 2’: ‘2345.67’; for ‘double, 4’: ‘45.6780’

- (3) ‘Unit’ …physical unit of the parameter

Set of input parameters

Table 1

Input parameters ‘Tyre’

| Parameter name | Param ID | Type | Unit | Description/Reference |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Manufacturer | P230 | token | | | | Model | P231 | token | | Trade name of manufacturer | | | | | | | | CertificationNumber | P232 | token | | | | | | | | | | Date | P233 | date | | Date and time when the component hash is created. | | AppVersion | P234 | token | | Version number identifying the evaluation tool | | RRCDeclared | P046 | double, 4 | [N/N] | | | FzISO | P047 | integer | [N] | | | | | | | | | Tyre Size Designation | P108 | string | [-] | Allowed values (non-exhaustive): ‘9.00 R20’, ‘9 R22.5’, ‘9.5 R17.5’, ‘10 R17.5’, ‘10 R22.5’, ‘10.00 R20’, ‘11 R22.5’, ‘11.00 R20’, ‘11.00 R22.5’, ‘12 R22.5’, ‘12.00 R20’, ‘12.00 R24’, ‘12.5 R20’, ‘13 R22.5’, ‘14.00 R20’, ‘14.5 R20’, ‘16.00 R20’, ‘205/75 R17.5’, ‘215/75 R17.5’, ‘225/70 R17.5’, ‘225/75 R17.5’, ‘235/75 R17.5’, ‘245/70 R17.5’, ‘245/70 R19.5’, ‘255/70 R22.5’, ‘265/70 R17.5’, ‘265/70 R19.5’, ‘275/70 R22.5’, ‘275/80 R22.5’, ‘285/60 R22.5’, ‘285/70 R19.5’, ‘295/55 R22.5’, ‘295/60 R22.5’, ‘295/80 R22.5’, ‘305/60 R22.5’, ‘305/70 R19.5’, ‘305/70 R22.5’, ‘305/75 R24.5’, ‘315/45 R22.5’, ‘315/60 R22.5’, ‘315/70 R22.5’, ‘315/80 R22.5’, ‘325/95 R24’, ‘335/80 R20’, ‘355/50 R22.5’, ‘365/70 R22.5’, ‘365/80 R20’, ‘365/85 R20’, ‘375/45 R22.5’, ‘375/50 R22.5’, ‘375/90 R22.5’, ‘385/55 R22.5’, ‘385/65 R22.5’, ‘395/85 R20’, ‘425/65 R22.5’, ‘495/45 R22.5’, ‘525/65 R20.5’ | | | | | | | | TyreClass | P370 | string | [-] | ‘C2’, ‘C3’ or ‘N/A’ | | FuelEfficiencyClass | P371 | string | | ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E’ or ‘N/A’ | | | | | | |

Appendix 4

Numbering

• 1.1 Certification number for tyres shall comprise the following:

eXYYYY/YYYYZZZZ/ZZZZT00000*00

section 1	section 2	section 3	Additional letter to section 3	section 4	section 5
Indication of country issuing the certificate	HDV CO2 determination Regulation ‘2017/2400’	Latest amending Regulation (ZZZZ/ZZZZ)	T = Tyre	Base certification number 00000	Extension 00

ANNEX Xa

CONFORMITY OF SIMULATION TOOL OPERATION AND OF CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF COMPONENTS, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNITS AND SYSTEMS: VERIFICATION TESTING PROCEDURE

This Annex sets out the requirements for the verification testing procedure, which is the test procedure for verifying the CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles.

The verification testing procedure consists of an on-road test to verify the CO2 emissions of new vehicles after production. It shall be carried out by the vehicle manufacturer and supervised by the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool. In case of heavy buses the verification testing procedure shall be performed by the manufacturer of the primary vehicle.

During the verification testing procedure the torque and speed at the driven wheels, the engine speed, the fuel consumption, the pollutant emissions and the other relevant parameters listed in point 6.1.6 shall be measured. The measured data shall be used as input to the simulation tool, which uses the vehicle-related input data and the input information from the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of the vehicle. For the verification testing procedure simulation, the instantaneously measured wheel torque and the rotational speed of the wheels as well as the engine speed shall be used as input. To pass the verification testing procedure the CO2 emissions calculated from the measured fuel consumption shall be within the tolerances set out in point 7 compared to the CO2 emissions from the verification testing procedure simulation. Figure 1 gives a schematic picture of the verification testing procedure method. The evaluation steps as performed by the simulation tool in the verification testing procedure simulation are described in Appendix 1 of this Annex.

As part of the verification testing procedure, the correctness of the vehicle input data set from the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems shall also be reviewed to check the data and the data handling process. The correctness of the input data relating to components, separate technical units and systems relevant for air drag and for rolling resistance of the vehicle shall be verified in accordance with point 6.1.1.

Figure 1

Schematic picture of the verification testing procedure method

Image omitted; see official source

For the purposes of this Annex the following definitions shall apply:

• (1) ‘verification test relevant data set’ means a set of input data for components, separate technical units and systems and input information used for CO2 determination of a verification testing procedure relevant vehicle;

• (2) ‘verification testing procedure relevant vehicle’ means a new vehicle for which a value of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption was determined and declared in accordance with Article 9;

• (3) ‘corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ means the ‘corrected actual mass of the vehicle’ as defined in Annex III, point 2(4);

• (4) ‘actual mass of the vehicle for VTP’ is the actual mass of the vehicle as defined in Article 2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2021/535, but with a full tank and plus the additional measurement equipment as set out in point 5, plus the actual mass of the trailer or semitrailer in accordance with 6.1.4.1;

- (5) ‘actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with payload’ means the actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with the payload applied in the verification testing procedure as set out in 6.1.4.2;

• (6) ‘wheel power’ means the total power at the driven wheels of a vehicle to overcome all driving resistances at the wheel, computed in the simulation tool from the measured torque and rotational speed of the driven wheels;

• (7) ‘controller area network signal’ or ‘CAN signal’ means a signal from the connection with the vehicle electronic control unit as referred to in point 2.1.5 of Appendix 1 to Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011;

• (8) ‘urban driving’ means the total distance driven during the fuel consumption measurement at speeds not exceeding 50 km/h;

• (9) ‘rural driving’ means the total distance driven during the fuel consumption measurement at speeds exceeding 50 km/h, but not exceeding 70 km/h;

• (10) ‘motorway driving’ means the total distance driven in the fuel consumption measurement at speeds above 70 km/h;

• (11) ‘crosstalk’ means the signal at the main output of a sensor (My), produced by a measurand (Fz) acting on the sensor, which is different from the measurand assigned to this output; the coordinate system assignment is defined in accordance with ISO 4130.

The number of new vehicles to be tested per year of production ensures that the relevant variations of components, separate technical units or systems used are covered by the verification testing procedure. The vehicle selection for the verification test shall be based on the following requirements:

- (a) The vehicles for the verification test shall be selected out of the vehicles from the production line for which a value of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption has been determined and declared in accordance with Article 9. The components, separate technical units or systems mounted in or on the vehicle shall be out of series production and shall correspond to those mounted at production date of the vehicle.

• (b) The vehicle selection shall be made by the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool based on proposals from the vehicle manufacturer. In case of heavy buses, the selection shall be made by the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool to the primary vehicle manufacturer.

• (c) Only vehicles with one driven axle shall be selected for the verification test. Hybrid electric, pure electric and fuel cell hybrid vehicles shall not be selected for the verification test.

- (d) It is recommended to include in each verification test relevant data sets of the components of interest and with the highest sales numbers per manufacturer. The components, separate technical units or systems may be verified all in one vehicle or in different vehicles. Apart from the criterion of highest sales numbers, the approval authority mentioned in (b) shall decide whether other vehicles with relevant data sets engine, axle and transmission shall be included in the verification test.

• (e) Vehicles which do not use standard values for CO2 certification of their components, separate technical units or systems instead of measured values for the transmission and for the axle losses shall be preferably tested. In case no vehicles comply with the requirements set out in points (a) to (c), only the verification of the input information and input data and data handling shall be performed in accordance with point 6.1.1.

- (f) The minimum number of different vehicles with different combinations of verification test relevant data sets to be tested by verification test per year shall be based on the sales numbers of the vehicle manufacturer as set out in Table 1.

Table 1 Determination of the minimum number of vehicles to be tested by the vehicle manufacturer

Number of vehicles to be tested Schedule Verification testing procedure relevant vehicles produced / year [^E0062] 0 — ≤ 25 1 every 3 years [^E0061] 26 – 250 1 every 2 years 251 – 5 000 1 every year 5 001 – 25 000 2 every year 25 001 – 50 000 3 every year 50 001 – 75 000 4 every year 75 001 – 100 000 5 every year more than 100 000 (¹) The VTP shall be performed within the first two years. (2) The total of all heavy lorries, medium lorries and primary buses produced by a manufacturer falling within the scope of this regulation is to be considered and medium lorries, heavy lorries and heavy buses need to be covered by the VTP over a six-year time span.

• (g) The vehicle manufacturer shall finalize the verification test within a period of 10 months after the date of selection of the vehicle for the verification test.

Each vehicle for the verification test shall be in the condition resembling its intended placing on the market. No changes in hardware such as lubricants or in the software such as auxiliary controllers are allowed. The tyres may be replaced by measurement tyres of a diameter that shall not exceed ± 10 % of the diameter of the original tyre.

The provisions as set out in points 3.3 to 3.6 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011 shall apply.

4.1   Vehicle run in

Run in of the vehicle is not mandatory. If the total mileage of the test vehicle is less than 15 000  km, an evolution coefficient for the test result is applied by the simulation tool as defined in Appendix 1. The total mileage of the test vehicle shall be the odometer reading at start of the fuel consumption measurement. The maximum mileage at start of the warm-up shall be 20 000  km.

4.2   Fuel and lubricants

All lubricants shall be the same as the lubricants used when placing the vehicle on the market.

For the fuel consumption measurement as described in point 6.1.5 the fuel used shall be the one available on the market. In any case of dispute the fuel shall be the appropriate reference fuel specified in Annex IX to Regulation (EU) No 582/2011.

The fuel tank shall be full at start of the vehicle warm up. Refuelling of the vehicle between start of warm up and end of fuel consumption measurement is not allowed.

The net calorific value (NCV) of the fuel used in the verification test shall be determined in accordance with point 3.2 of Annex V. The fuel batch shall be taken from the tank after vehicle warm-up. In the case of dual-fuel engines, this procedure shall be applied to both fuels.

The calibration laboratory facilities shall comply with the requirements of either IATF 16949, ISO 9000 series or ISO/IEC 17025. All laboratory reference measurement equipment, used for calibration and verification, shall be traceable to national or international standards.

5.1   Wheel torque

The direct torque at all driven axles shall be measured with one of the following measurement systems fulfilling the requirements listed in Table 2:

• (a) hub torque meter;

• (b) rim torque meter;

- (c) half-shaft torque meter.

The drift shall be measured during the verification test by zeroing the torque measurement system in accordance with point 6.1.5.4 after the vehicle warm up in accordance with point 6.1.5.3. by lifting the axle and measuring the torque at lifted axle directly after the verification test again in accordance with point 6.1.5.6.

For a valid test result a maximum drift (sum of absolute values of both wheels) of the torque measurement system over the verification testing procedure of 1,5 % of the calibrated range of a single torque meter shall be proven.

5.2   Vehicle speed

The recorded vehicle speed shall be based on the CAN signal.

5.3   Gear engaged

For vehicles with SMT and AMT transmissions the engaged gear is calculated by the simulation tool based on measured engine speed, the vehicle speed and the tyre dimensions and transmission ratios of the vehicle in accordance with Appendix 1. The engine speed is taken by the simulation tool from the input data as defined in point 5.4.

For vehicles with APT transmissions the engaged gear as well as the status of the torque converter (active or not active) shall be provided from CAN signals.

5.4   Rotational speed of the engine

The rotational speed of the engine shall be recorded from the CAN, OBD or alternative measurement systems that fulfil the requirements set out in Table 2.

5.5   Rotational speed of the wheels at the driven axle

The rotational speed of the left and right wheel of the driven axle shall be recorded from the CAN or alternative measurement systems that fulfil the requirements set out in Table 2.

5.6   Rotational speed of fan

For non-electrically driven engine cooling fans the rotational speed of the fan shall be recorded. For this purpose either the CAN signal or alternatively an external sensor fulfilling the requirements set out in Table 2 shall be used.

For electrically driven engine cooling fans the current and voltage shall be recorded for the direct current input at the terminal of the electric motor or the inverter. From these two signals, the electrical power at the terminal shall be calculated by multiplication and shall be available as a time-resolved signal as input to the simulation tool. In the case of multiple electrically driven engine cooling fans, the sum of electrical power at the terminals shall be made available.

For heavy buses the status of the compressor of the pneumatic system shall be recorded. Phases where pressurised air is delivered to the reservoir shall be labelled in the measurement data according to the provisions as given in Table 4 of this Annex. The compressor status shall be monitored either via recording of the system pressure or via available CAN signals.

5.7   Fuel measurement system

The fuel consumed shall be measured on-board with a measurement device based on one of the following measurement methods:

• — Measurement of fuel mass. The fuel measuring device shall fulfil the accuracy requirements set out in Table 2 for the fuel mass measurement system.

• — Measurement of fuel volume together with correction for the thermal expansion of the fuel. The fuel volume measurement device and fuel temperature measurement device shall fulfil the accuracy requirements set out in Table 2 for the fuel volume measurement system. Measured values of fuel volume flow shall be converted to fuel mass flow in accordance with the following equations:

mfuel,i = Vfuel,i·ρi

Image omitted; see official source

where:

| | | |

| --- | --- | --- | | mfuel, i | = | Fuel mass flow at sample i [g/h] | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | ρ0 | = | Density of the fuel used for the verification test in (g/dm³). The density shall be determined in accordance with Annex IX to the Regulation (EU) No 582/2011. If diesel fuel is used in the verification test, also the average value of the density interval for the reference fuels B7 in accordance with Annex IX to the Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 may be used. | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | t0 | = | Fuel temperature that corresponds to density ρ0 for the reference fuel [°C] | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | ρi | = | Density of the test fuel at sample i [g/dm³] |

| | | |

| --- | --- | --- | | Vfuel, i | = | Fuel volume flow at sample i [dm³/h] | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | ti | = | Measured fuel temperature at sample i [°C] | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | | β | = | 0,001 [K^–1] (Temperature correction factor) |

For dual-fuel vehicles the fuel flow shall be measured for each of the two fuels separately.

5.8   Vehicle mass

The following masses of the vehicle shall be measured with equipment fulfilling the requirements set out in Table 2:

• (a) actual mass of the vehicle for VTP;

• (b) actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with payload.

5.9   General requirements for the on-board measurements as specified under 5.1 to 5.8

The input data as set out in point 6.1.6. Table 4 shall be provided from the measurements. All data shall be recorded at least in 2 Hz frequency or at recommended frequency from the equipment maker, whichever is the higher value.

The input data for the simulation tool may be composed from different recorders. The torque and rotational speed at the wheels shall be recorded in one data-logging system. If different data-logging systems are used for the other signals, one common signal, such as vehicle speed, shall be recorded to ensure correct time alignment of the signals. The time alignment of the signals shall result in the highest correlation coefficient of the common signal recorded with the different data loggers.

The accuracy requirements set out in Table 2 shall be met by all measurement equipment used. Any equipment not listed in Table 2 shall fulfil the accuracy requirements set out in Table 2 of Annex V.

Table 2

Requirements of measurement systems

| Measurement system | Accuracy | Rise time [^E0063] |

| --- | --- | --- | | Balance for vehicle weight | 50 kg or < 0,5 % of max. calibration whichever is smaller | — | | Rotational speed wheels | < 0,5 % of reading at 80 km/h | ≤ 1 s | | Fuel mass flow for liquid fuels [^E0064] | < 1,0 % of reading or < 0,2 % of max. calibration whichever is larger | — | | Fuel mass flow for gaseous fuels [^E0064] | < 1,0 % of reading or < 0,5 % of max. calibration whichever is larger | — | | Fuel volume measurement system [^E0064] | < 1,0 % of reading or < 0,5 % of max. calibration whichever is larger | — | | Temperature of the fuel | ± 1 °C | ≤ 2 s | | Sensor for measuring the rotational speed cooling fan | < 0,4 % of reading or < 0,2 % of max. calibration of speed whichever is larger | ≤ 1 s | | Voltage | < 2 % of reading or < 1 % of max. calibration of speed whichever is larger | ≤ 1 s | | Current | < 2 % of reading or < 1 % of max. calibration of speed whichever is larger | ≤ 1 s | | Engine speed | As set out in Annex V. In the case of vehicles with engine stop-start, it shall be verified that the engine speed is also recorded correctly for speeds below idle. | As set out in Annex V. In the case of vehicles with engine stop-start, it shall be verified that the engine speed is also recorded correctly for speeds below idle. | | | | | | Wheel torque | For 10 kNm calibration (over the entire calibration range): i. Non linearity [^E0065]: < ± 40 Nm for heavy lorries and heavy buses < ± 30 Nm for medium lorries ii. Repeatability [^E0066]: < ± 20 Nm for heavy lorries and heavy buses < ± 15 Nm for medium lorries iii. Crosstalk: < ± 20 Nm for heavy lorries and heavy buses < ± 15 Nm for medium lorries (only applicable for rim torque meters) iv. Measurement rate: ≥ 20 Hz | < 0,1 s | | | | |

Rise time means the difference in time between the 10 % and 90 % response of the final analyser reading (t90 – t10).

[^E0064]: (²)

The accuracy shall be met for the integral fuel flow over 100 minutes.

Non linearity means the maximum deviation between ideal and actual output signal characteristics in relation to the measured value in a specific measuring range.

Repeatability means closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measured value carried out under the same conditions of measurement.

The maximum calibration values shall be the maximum expected values during all test runs for the respective measurement system, multiplied by an arbitrary factor larger than 1 and less or equal than 2. For the torque measurement system the maximum calibration may be limited to 10 kNm.

In the case of dual-fuel engines, the maximum calibration value for the measurement system for fuel mass flow or fuel volume shall be determined following the requirements laid down in point 3.5 of Annex V. For fuel volume the maximum calibration value shall be determined by dividing the maximum calibration values for fuel mass flow by the density value ρ0 defined in accordance with point 5.7.

Accuracy given shall be met by the sum of all single accuracies in the case more than one scale is used.

5.10.   Engine torque

The engine torque shall be recorded during the verification testing procedure for the purpose of evaluating pollutant emissions. The signal shall fulfil the provisions as specified for the engine torque signal in Table 1 of point 2.2 of Appendix 1 to Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011.

5.11.   Pollutant emissions

For measurement of pollutant emissions the instrumentation and procedures as set out in Appendices 1 to 4 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011 shall be used. The data evaluation shall provide instantaneous emission mass flows as set out in Table 4 of point 6.1.6. as input to the simulation tool.

Based on these input signals the simulation tool automatically calculates the brake specific pollutant emissions measured in the verification test (BSEM) as set out in Part B of Appendix 1 of this Annex. These results are then automatically written into the output of the simulation tool according to point 8.13.14. The additional requirements set out in Regulation (EU) 582/2011 on data evaluation (e.g. work based windows, moving average windows), test start and trip shall not apply.

In the verification test procedure, pass/fail criteria regarding pollutant emissions shall not apply.

5.12.   Distance travelled

If the vehicle is equipped with an on-board device for the monitoring and recording of fuel and/or energy consumption and mileage of motor vehicles, in accordance with the requirements referred to in point (b) of Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009, the mileage shall be recorded from the device.

5.13.   Engine fuel rate

If the vehicle is equipped with an on-board device for the monitoring and recording of fuel and/or energy consumption and mileage of motor vehicles, in accordance with the requirements referred to in point (b) of Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009, the instantaneous value of the engine fuel rate as well as the total fuel consumed at test start and end shall be recorded from the device.

5.14.   Vehicle total mass

If the vehicle is equipped with an on-board mass-monitoring device for determining and recording the payloads or total weight of vehicles, in accordance with the requirements referred to in point (b) of Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 595/2009, the instantaneous value of the vehicle total mass shall be recorded from the device.

6.1   Vehicle preparation

The vehicle shall be taken from the series production and selected as set out in point 3.

6.1.1   Verification of input information and input data and data handling

The manufacturer's records file and the customer information file for the vehicle selected shall be used as basis for verifying the input data. The vehicle identification number of the vehicle selected shall be the same as the vehicle identification number in the manufacturer's records file and the customer information file.

Upon request by the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool, the vehicle manufacturer shall provide, within 15 working days, the manufacturer's records file, the input information and input data necessary to run the simulation tool as well as the certificate of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties for all relevant components, separate technical units or systems.

In case of heavy buses the primary vehicle manufacturer shall make available the input information and input data as well as the manufacturer’s records file and the completed vehicle manufacturer shall make available the vehicle information file and the customer information file.

6.1.1.1   Verification of components, separate technical units or systems and input data and information

The following checks shall be performed for the components, separate technical units and systems mounted on the vehicle:

• (a) Simulation tool data integrity: the integrity of the cryptographic hash of the manufacturer’s records file in accordance with Article 9(3) re-calculated during the verification testing procedure with the hashing tool shall be verified by comparison with the cryptographic hash in the certificate of conformity;

• (b) Vehicle data: the vehicle identification number, axle configuration, selected auxiliaries and power take off technology, disabled gears in accordance with point 6.2 of Annex III and requirements on active aero devices as set out in point 3.3.1.5 of Annex VIII shall match the selected vehicle;

- (c) Engine torque limitations declared in the input to the simulation tool shall be subject to a verification in the VTP if they are declared for any of the highest 50 % of the gears (e.g. for any of the gears 7 to 12 of a 12-gear transmission) and if one of the following cases applies:

• (i) Torque limit declared on the vehicle level in accordance with point 6.1 of Annex III
• (ii) Torque limit declared in the input to the transmission component in accordance with parameter P157 in Table 2 of Appendix 12 of Annex VI and if the declared value does not exceed 90 % of the engine maximum torque For any of the torque limits subject to a verification it shall be demonstrated that the 99 % percentile of the engine torque recorded during the fuel consumption measurement in the relevant gear does not exceed the declared torque limit by more than 5 %. For this purpose the verification test shall cover phases of full throttle in the respective gears. The verification shall be performed based on recorded engine torque as set out in 5.10. The engine torque limitation verification may also be performed as a separate test only, consisting of dedicated full-load accelerations and with no other obligations on test evaluation.

• (d) Component, separate technical unit or system data: the certification number and the model type imprinted on the certificate of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties shall match the component, separate technical unit or system installed in the selected vehicle;

• (e) The hash of the simulation tool input data and the input information shall match the hash imprinted on the certificate of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties for the following components, separate technical units or systems:
• (i) engines;
• (ii) transmissions;
• (iii) torque converters;
• (iv) other torque transferring components;
• (v) additional drivetrain components;
• (vi) axles;
• (vii) air drag;
• (viii) tyres.

6.1.1.2   Verification of the vehicle mass

If requested by the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool, the determination of masses by the manufacturer shall be verified in accordance with point 2 of Section G of Part 2 of Annex VIII of Regulation (EU) 2021/535. Where that verification fails, the corrected actual mass as defined in point 2(4) of Annex III to this Regulation shall be determined. In the case of heavy buses, the mass of the completed vehicle shall be verified.

6.1.1.3   Actions to be taken

In the case of discrepancies in the certification number or the cryptographic hash of one or more files regarding the components, separate technical units or systems listed in subpoints (1) to (8) of point 6.1.1.1 (e) the correct input data file fulfilling the checks in accordance with points 6.1.1.1 and 6.1.1.2 shall replace the incorrect data for all further actions. The same applies to any other incorrect information identified in subpoints (b) and (c) of point 6.1.1.1.

If the verification of results in the manufacturer's records file and the customer information file fails or no complete input data set with correct certificates of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties is available for the components, separate technical units or systems listed in subpoints (1) to (8) of point 6.1.1.1 (e) the verification test shall end and the vehicle fails the verification testing procedure.

6.1.2   Run in phase

A run in phase up to maximum 15 000  km odometer reading may take place. In the case of damage of any of the components, separate technical units or systems listed in point 6.1.1.1, the component, separate technical units or systems may be replaced by an equivalent component, separate technical units or systems with the same certification number. The replacement shall be documented in the test report.

All relevant components, separate technical units or systems shall be checked before the measurements to exclude unusual conditions, such as incorrect oil fill levels, plugged air filters or on-board diagnostic warnings.

6.1.3   Set up of measurement equipment

All measurement systems shall be calibrated in accordance with the provisions of the equipment maker. If no provisions exist, the recommendations from the equipment maker shall be followed for calibration.

After the run in phase, the vehicle shall be equipped with the measurement systems set out in point 5.

6.1.4   Set up of the test vehicle for the fuel consumption measurement

6.1.4.1   Vehicle configuration

Tractors of the vehicle groups defined in Table 1 and 2 of Annex I shall be tested with any type of semitrailer, providing the payload defined below can be applied.

Rigid lorries of the vehicle groups defined in Table 1 and 2 of Annex I shall be tested with trailer, if a trailer connection is mounted. Any body type or other device to carry the payload set out in point 6.1.4.2 can be applied. The bodies of rigid lorries may differ from the standard bodies set out in Appendix 4, point 2, of Annex VIII.

Vans of the vehicle groups defined in Table 2 of Annex I shall be tested with the final bodies of the complete or completed vehicle.

Heavy buses of the vehicle groups defined in Table 4, 5 and 6 of Annex I shall be tested with the final bodies of the complete or completed vehicle.

6.1.4.2   Vehicle payload

For heavy lorries of groups 4 and higher numbers the vehicle payload shall be set at minimum to a mass leading to a total test weight of 90 % of the maximum authorised weight in accordance with 96/53/EC (*) for the specific vehicle or vehicle combination.

For heavy lorries of groups 1s, 1, 2 and 3, medium lorries and for heavy buses the payload shall be in the range of 55 % to 75 % of the maximum authorised weight in accordance with 96/53/EC for the specific vehicle or vehicle combination.

6.1.4.3   Tyre inflation pressure

The tyre inflation pressure shall be set to the recommendation of the manufacturer with a maximum deviation of less than 10 %. The tyres of the semitrailer may differ from the standard tyres set out in Table 2 of Part B of Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 for the CO2 certification of tyres.

6.1.4.4   Settings for auxiliaries

All settings influencing the auxiliary energy demand shall be set to minimum reasonable energy consumption where applicable. The air conditioning shall be switched off and venting of the cabin or the driver compartment shall be set lower than medium mass flow. Additional energy consumers not necessary to run the vehicle shall be switched off. External devices to provide energy on board, such as external batteries, are allowed only for running the extra measurement equipment for the verification testing procedure listed in Table 2, but shall not provide energy to vehicle equipment that will be present when placing the vehicle on the market. In case of heavy busses, door opening and kneeling at stops shall not be considered in the verification test.

6.1.4.5   Particle filter regeneration

A particle filter regeneration shall, if applicable, be initiated before the verification test. Regulation (EU) 582/2011, Annex II, point 4.6.10 shall apply.

6.1.5   Verification test

6.1.5.1   Route selection

The route selected for the verification test shall fulfil the requirements set out in Table 3. The routes may include both public and private tracks.

6.1.5.2   Vehicle pre conditioning

No other pre-conditioning is allowed than the pre-condition in accordance with point 6.1.5.3.

6.1.5.3   Vehicle warm up

Before the fuel consumption measurement starts, the vehicle shall be driven for warm up as set out in Table 3. The warm up phase shall not be considered in the evaluation of the verification test.

Before warm up is started, the PEMS analysers shall be checked and calibrated in accordance with the procedures as set out in Appendix 1 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011.

6.1.5.4   Zeroing of the torque measurement equipment

The zeroing of the torque meters shall be performed as follows:

• — Bring the vehicle to a standstill;

• — Lift the instrumented wheels off the ground, in such a way that the wheels are able to rotate freely and no external torque is applied to the torque sensor;

• — Perform the zeroing of the amplifier reading of the torque meters. Zeroing shall be finished within less than 20 minutes.

6.1.5.5   Fuel consumption measurement and recording of pollutant emission signals

The fuel consumption measurement shall start directly after the zeroing of the wheel-torque measurement equipment at vehicle stand still. The vehicle shall be driven during the measurement in a driving style avoiding unnecessary braking of the vehicle, gas pedal pumping and aggressive cornering. The setting for the advanced driver assistance systems which is activated automatically at key-on shall be used, and gear shifts shall be performed by the automated system (in the case of AMT or APT transmissions) and the cruise control shall be used (if applicable). The duration of the fuel consumption measurement shall be within the tolerances set out in Table 3. The fuel consumption measurement shall end also at vehicle stand still directly before the measurement of the drift of the torque measurement equipment.

The recording of signals relevant for the evaluation of pollutant emissions shall start latest once the fuel consumption measurement has started and end together with the fuel consumption measurement.

As input to the simulation tool the entire test sequence, starting with the last 0,5 s time step of the standstill phase after the zeroing of torque meters and ending with the first 0,5 s time step of the final standstill phase, shall be provided.

If the vehicle is equipped with fuel-powered auxiliary heaters, only the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine shall be measured.

Where applicable, the recording of the vehicle total mass and engine fuel rate signals as determined by the OBFCM device shall start latest once the fuel consumption measurement has started and end together with the fuel consumption measurement. The lifetime values of the mileage and total fuel consumption, as determined by the OBFCM device, shall be recorded at the start of the fuel consumption measurement and at the end of the OBFCM fuel consumption measurement.

6.1.5.6   Measurement of the drift of the torque measurement equipment

Directly after the fuel consumption measurement, the drift of the torque measurement equipment shall be recorded by measuring the torque at the same vehicle conditions as during the zeroing process. If the fuel consumption measurement does end before the stop for the drift measurement, the vehicle shall be stopped for the drift measurement within 5 minutes. The drift of each torque meter shall be calculated from the average of a minimum sequence of 10 seconds.

Directly thereafter, the verification of the emission measurements shall be performed in accordance with the procedures as set out in point 2.7 of Appendix 1 to Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011.

6.1.5.7   Boundary conditions for the verification test

The boundary conditions to be met for a valid verification test are set in Tables 3 to 3d.

If the vehicle passes the verification test in accordance with point 7.3, the test shall be set valid even if the following conditions are not met:

- — undercut of minimum values for parameter No 1, 2, 6 and 9;

• — exceedance of maximum values for parameter No 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 12;

- — exceedance of maximum values for parameter No 7, if the total testing time which is not in standstill exceeds 80 minutes.

Table 3

Parameters for a valid verification test for all vehicle groups

| No. | Parameter | Min. | Max. |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Warm up [minutes] | 60 | | | 2 | Average velocity at warm up [km/h] | 70 [^E0067] | 100 | | 3 | Fuel consumption measurement duration [minutes] | 80 | 120 | | 8 | Average ambient temperature | 5°C | 30 C | | 9 | Road condition dry | 100 % | | | 10 | Road condition snow or ice | | 0 % | | 11 | Sea level of the route [m] | | 800 | | 12 | Duration of continuous idling at stand still [minutes] | | 3 |

[^E0067]: (¹)

Where the maximum vehicle speed is less than 80 km/h, the average velocity in the warm-up shall exceed maximum vehicle speed minus 10 km/h.

Table 3a

Parameters for a valid verification test for vehicle groups 4, 5, 9, 10

| No. | Parameter | Min. | Max. |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | | 4 | Distance based share urban driving | 2 % | 8 % | | 5 | Distance based share rural driving | 7 % | 13 % | | 6 | Distance based share motorway driving | 79 % | — | | 7 | Time share of idling at stand still | | 5 % |

Table 3b

Parameters for a valid verification test for other heavy and medium lorries

No.	Parameter	Min.	Max.
4	Distance based share urban driving	10 %	50 %
5	Distance based share rural driving	15 %	25 %
6	Distance based share motorway driving	25 %	—
7	Time share of idling at stand still		10 %

Table 3c

Parameters for a valid verification test for high floor heavy buses

| No | Parameter | Min. | Max. |

| --- | --- | --- | --- | | 4 | Distance based share urban driving | 12 % | 40 % | | 5 | Distance based share rural driving | 10 % | 30 % | | 6 | Distance based share motorway driving | 30 % | - | | 7 | Time share of idling at stand still | - | 10 % |

Table 3d

Parameters for a valid verification test for low floor heavy buses

No	Parameter	Min.	Max.
4	Distance based share urban driving	75 %	90 %
5	Distance based share rural driving	10 %	25 %
6	Distance based share motorway driving	-	0 %
7	Time share of idling at stand still	-	10 %

6.1.6   Data reporting

The data recorded during the verification testing procedure shall be reported to the approval authority that granted the licence to operate the simulation tool as follows:

The data recorded shall be reported in a constant 2 Hz signals as set out in Table 4. The data recorded at higher frequencies than 2 Hz shall be converted into 2 Hz by averaging the time intervals around the 2 Hz nodes. In the case of e.g. 10 Hz sampling, the first 2 Hz node is defined by the average from second 0,1 to 0,5, the second node is defined by the average from second 0,6 to 1,0. The time stamp for each node shall be the last time stamp per node, i.e. 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 etc.

Table 4

Data reporting format for measured data for the simulation tool in the verification test

Quantity	Unit	Heading input data	Comment
time node	[s]
vehicle speed	[km/h]
engine speed	[rpm]
engine cooling fan speed	[rpm]		In the case of non-electrically driven engine cooling fans
engine cooling fan electrical power	[W]		In the case of electrically driven engine cooling fans
torque left wheel	[Nm]
torque right wheel	[Nm]
wheel speed left	[rpm]
wheel speed right	[rpm]
gear	[-]		mandatory for APT transmissions
Torque converter active	[-]		0 = not active (locked); 1 = active (unlocked); mandatory for AT transmissions, not relevant for other transmission types
fuel flow	[g/h]		Fuel mass flow in accordance with point 5.7 [^E0068]. In the heading ‘X’ shall be the fuel type in accordance with Table 2 of Appendix 7 of Annex V to this Regulation, e.g. ‘’. For dual-fuel engines a separate column for each fuel shall be provided.
Compressor pneumatic system status	[-]		1 = active (compressor delivering to pneumatic system), 0 = not active this input data is only relevant for heavy buses
Engine torque	[Nm]		Engine torque in accordance with point 5.10.
CH4 mass flow	[g/s]		Only if this component needs to be measured in accordance with point 1 of Appendix 1 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011
CO mass flow	[g/s]
NMHC mass flow	[g/s]		Only if this component needs to be measured in accordance with point 1 of Appendix 1 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011
NOx mass flow	[g/s]
THC mass flow	[g/s]		Only if this component needs to be measured in accordance with point 1 of Appendix 1 of Annex II to Regulation (EU) 582/2011
PM number flow	[#/s]
CO2 mass flow	[g/s]
OBFCM mileage	[km]		Mileage in accordance with point 5.12 (if applicable)
OBFCM engine mass fuel rate	[g/s]		Engine mass fuel rate in accordance with point 5.13 (if applicable)
OBFCM engine volume fuel rate	[l/s]		Engine volume fuel rate in accordance with point 5.13 (if applicable)
OBFCM vehicle total mass	[kg]		Vehicle total mass in accordance with point 5.14 (if applicable)

The correction of fuel flow to standard NCV is performed automatically by the simulation tool based on the input of net calorific value (NCV) of the fuel used in the verification test in accordance with Table 4a.

Additionally the data as set out in Table 4a shall be reported. This data shall be entered directly into the graphical user interface of the simulation tool when evaluating the verification test procedure.

Table 4a

Data reporting format for further information for the simulation tool in the verification test

Quantity	Unit	Comment
NCV measured	[MJ/kg]	Net calorific value (NCV) of the fuel used in the verification test determined in accordance with point 3.2 of Annex V. This input shall be provided for all fuel types, i.e. also for Diesel CI engines [^E0069]. In the case of dual-fuel engines, values for both fuels shall be provided.
Run-in distance	[km]	In accordance with point 6.1.2. Based on this input the simulation tool corrects the measured fuel consumption in accordance with Appendix 1.
Diameter fan	[mm]	Diameter of the engine cooling fan. This input is not relevant for electrically driven engine cooling fans.
Torque meter drift left wheel	[Nm]	Average torque meter readings in accordance with point 6.1.5.6.
Torque meter drift right wheel	[Nm]	Average torque meter readings in accordance with point 6.1.5.6.

In the VTP test, the vehicle may be operated with market Diesel fuel. Contrary to the situation for reference Diesel fuel (B7), the variation of the NCV for market fuel is assessed to be greater than the measuring accuracy when determining the NCV.

6.2.   Additional verifications

For heavy buses, the correspondence of the tested vehicle with the following parameters shall be verified:

• i. Technical Permissible Maximum Laden Mass

• ii. Vehicle code

• iii. Class of vehicle

- iv. Low entry (if applicable)

- v. Number of passenger seats

• vi. Height of the integrated body

7.1   Input to the simulation tool

The following inputs to the simulation tool shall be made available: Input data and input information;

• (a) In case of medium and heavy lorries
• (i) Manufacturer's records file;
• (ii) Customer information file;
• (iii) Processed measurement data in accordance with Table 4;
• (iv) Further information in accordance with Table 4a.

• (b) In case of heavy buses
• (v) Input data and input information as defined for the primary heavy bus;
• (vi) Manufacturers records file for the primary heavy bus;
• (vii) Vehicle information file for the primary vehicle;
• (viii) Customer information file for the completed vehicle;
• (ix) Vehicle information file for the completed vehicle;
• (x) Processed measurement data according to Table 4;
• (xi) Further information according to Table 4a.

7.2.   Evaluation steps as performed by the simulation tool

7.2.1.   Verification of the data handling process

The simulation tool shall re-simulate the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption based on the input information and input data defined in 7.1. and verify the corresponding results in the manufacturer's records file and the customer information file as provided by the manufacturer.

For heavy buses the vehicle information file and the customer information file of the completed vehicle shall also be verified.

In the case of any deviations, the remedial measures referred to in Article 23 shall apply.

7.2.2.   Determination of the CVTP ratio

The test evaluation shall compare CO2 emissions during the measurement with simulated CO2 emissions. For this comparison the ratio of measured and simulated brake specific CO2 emissions for the total verification test relevant trip (CVTP) shall be calculated by the simulation tool in accordance with the following equation:

Image omitted; see official source

Where:

CVTP	=	ratio of CO2 emissions measured and simulated in the verification testing procedure (‘CVTP ratio’)
---	---	---
n	=	number of fuels (2 for dual-fuel engines, else 1)
---	---	---
CO2i	=	generic CO2 emission factor (grams CO2 per gram fuel) for the specific fuel type as implemented in the simulation tool.
---	---	---
BSFCm-c	=	brake specific fuel consumption measured and corrected for a run-in phase as calculated in accordance with point 2 of part A in Appendix 1 [g/kWh]

| | | |

| --- | --- | --- | | BSFCsim | = | brake specific fuel consumption determined by the simulation tool in accordance with point 3 of part A in Appendix 1 [g/kWh] |

7.3.   Pass/Fail check

The vehicle shall pass the verification test if the CVTP ratio determined in accordance with 7.2.2. is equal or smaller than the tolerance set out in Table 5.

For a comparison with the declared CO2 emissions of the vehicle in accordance with Article 9, the verified CO2 emissions of the vehicle shall be determined as follows:

CO2verified = CVTP × CO2declared

where:

CO2verified	=	verified CO2 emissions of the vehicle in [g/t-km] for medium and heavy lorries and in [g/pkm] for heavy buses
CO2declared	=	declared CO2 emissions of the vehicle in [g/t-km] for medium and heavy lorries and in [g/pkm] for heavy buses

If a first vehicle does not meet the pass criterion for the verification testing procedure as set out in Table 5, up to two additional tests shall be performed on the same vehicle or two more similar vehicles may be tested on request of the vehicle manufacturer. For the evaluation of the pass criterion set out in Table 5, the arithmetic average of the CVTP ratios obtained from all the tests performed shall be used. If the pass criterion is not reached, the vehicle fails the verification testing procedure.

Table 5

Pass criterion for the verification test

Pass criterion for the verification testing procedure	CVTP ratio ≤ 1,075

Where CVTP is lower than 0,925, the results need to be reported to the Commission for further analysis to determine the cause.

8 Reporting procedures

The test report shall be established by the vehicle manufacturer for each vehicle tested and shall include at least the following results of the verification test:

• 8.1.General

• 8.1.1.Name and address of the vehicle manufacturer ([^E0070])

• 8.1.2.Address(es) of assembly plant(s)

• 8.1.3.The name, address, telephone and fax numbers and e-mail address of the vehicle manufacturer’s representative

• 8.1.4.Type and commercial description

• 8.1.5.Selection criteria for vehicle and CO2 relevant components (text)

• 8.1.6.Vehicle owner

• 8.1.7.Odometer reading at test start of the fuel consumption measurement (km)

• 8.2.Vehicle information

• 8.2.1.Vehicle model / Commercial Name

• 8.2.2.Vehicle identification number (VIN)

• 8.2.2.1.Where the test has been performed following a situation in which the first vehicle test ends in failing the tolerances referred to in point 7.3, the vehicle identification number (VIN) of the vehicle tested first

• 8.2.3.Vehicle category (N2, N3, M3)

• 8.2.4.Axle configuration

• 8.2.5.Technically permissible maximum laden mass (t)

• 8.2.6.Vehicle group

• 8.2.7.Corrected actual mass of the vehicle (kg)

• 8.2.8.Cryptographic hash of the manufacturer's records file

• 8.2.9.Vehicle combination's gross combined weight in the verification test (kg)

• 8.2.10.Mass in running order

• 8.3.Main engine specifications

• 8.3.1.Engine model

• 8.3.2.Engine certification number

• 8.3.3.Engine rated power (kW)

• 8.3.4.Engine capacity (l)

• 8.3.5.Engine reference fuel type (diesel/LPG/CNG…)

• 8.3.6.Hash of the fuel map file/document

• 8.4.Main transmission specifications

• 8.4.1.Transmission model

• 8.4.2.Transmission certification number

• 8.4.3.Main option used for generation of loss maps (Option1/Option2/Option3/Standard values)

• 8.4.4.Transmission type

• 8.4.5.Number of gears

• 8.4.6.Transmission ratio final gear

• 8.4.7.Retarder type

• 8.4.8.Power take off (yes/no)

• 8.4.9.Hash of the efficiency map file/document

• 8.5.Main retarder specifications

• 8.5.1.Retarder model

• 8.5.2.Retarder certification number

• 8.5.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement)

• 8.5.4.Hash of the retarder efficiency map file/document

• 8.6.Torque converter specification

• 8.6.1.Torque converter model

• 8.6.2.Torque converter certification number

• 8.6.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement)

• 8.6.4.Hash of the efficiency map file/document

• 8.7.Angle drive specifications

• 8.7.1.Angle drive model

• 8.7.2.Axle certification number

• 8.7.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement)

• 8.7.4.Angle drive ratio

• 8.7.5.Hash of the efficiency map file/document

• 8.8.Axle specifications

• 8.8.1.Axle model

• 8.8.2.Axle certification number

• 8.8.3.Certification option used for generation of a loss map (standard values/measurement)

• 8.8.4.Axle type (e.g. standard single driven axle)

• 8.8.5.Axle ratio

• 8.8.6.Hash of the efficiency map file/document

• 8.9.Aerodynamics

• 8.9.1.Model

• 8.9.2.Certification option used for generation of CdxA (standard values /measurement)

• 8.9.3.CdxA Certification number (if applicable)

• 8.9.4.CdxA value

• 8.9.5.Hash of the efficiency map file/document

• 8.10.Main tyre specifications

• 8.10.1.Tyre certification number on all axles

• 8.10.2.Specific rolling resistance coefficient of all tyres on all axles

• 8.11.Main auxiliary specifications

• 8.11.1.Engine cooling fan technology

• 8.11.1.1Engine cooling fan diameter

• 8.11.2.Steering pump technology

• 8.11.3.Electric system technology

• 8.11.4.Pneumatic system technology

• 8.12.Test conditions

• 8.12.1.Actual mass of the vehicle for VTP (kg)

• 8.12.2.Actual mass of the vehicle for VTP with payload (kg)

• 8.12.3.Warm up time (minutes)

• 8.12.4.Average velocity at warm up (km/h)

• 8.12.5.Fuel consumption measurement duration (minutes)

• 8.12.6.Distance based share urban driving (%)

• 8.12.7.Distance based share rural driving (%)

• 8.12.8.Distance based share motorway driving (%)

• 8.12.9.Time share of idling at stand still (%)

• 8.12.10.Average ambient temperature (°C)

• 8.12.11.Road condition (dry, wet, snow, ice, others please specify)

• 8.12.12.Maximum sea level of the route (m)

• 8.12.13.Maximum duration of continuous idling at stand still (minutes)

• 8.13.Results of the verification test

• 8.13.1.Average fan power calculated for the verification test by the simulation tool (kW)

• 8.13.2.Positive wheel work over the verification test calculated by the simulation tool (kWh)

• 8.13.3.Positive wheel work over the verification test measured (kWh)

• 8.13.4.NCV of the fuel(s) used in the verification test (MJ/kg)

• 8.13.5.Fuel consumption value(s) in the verification test measured (g/kWh)

• 8.13.5.1CO2 emission value(s) in the verification test measured (g/kWh)

• 8.13.6.Fuel consumption value(s) in the verification test measured, corrected (g/kWh)

• 8.13.6.1CO2 emission value(s) in the verification test measured, corrected (g/kWh)

• 8.13.7.Fuel consumption value(s) in the verification test simulated (g/kWh)

• 8.13.7.1CO2 emission value(s) in the verification test simulated (g/kWh)

• 8.13.8.Fuel consumption in the verification test simulated (g/kWh)

• 8.13.8.1CO2 emission in the verification test simulated (g/kWh)

• 8.13.9.Mission profile (long haul / long haul (EMS) / regional / regional (EMS) / urban / municipal / construction)

• 8.13.10.Verified CO2 emissions of the vehicle (g/tkm)

• 8.13.11.Declared CO2 emissions of the vehicle (g/tkm)

• 8.13.12.Ratio of fuel consumption measured and simulated in the verification testing procedure (CVPT) in (-)

• 8.13.13.Passed the verification test (yes/no)

• 8.13.14.Pollutant emissions in the verification test

• 8.13.14.1.CO (mg/kWh)

• 8.13.14.2.THC (**) (mg/kWh)

• 8.13.14.3.NMHC (***) (mg/kWh)

• 8.13.14.4.CH4 (***) (mg/kWh)

• 8.13.14.5.NOx (mg/kWh)

• 8.13.14.6.PM number (#/kWh)

• 8.13.14.7.Positive engine work (kWh)

• 8.13.14.8.CO2 (g/kWh)

• 8.13.15OBFCM values in the verification test (if applicable)

• 8.13.15.1OBFCM mileage reading at test start of the fuel consumption measurement from the signal referred to in point 5.12 (km)

• 8.13.15.2OBFCM mileage reading at test end of the fuel consumption measurement from the signal referred to in point 5.12 (km)

• 8.13.15.3OBFCM total mass fuel consumed from the lifetime signal referred to in point 5.13 at the beginning of the fuel consumption measurement (kg)

• 8.13.15.4OBFCM total mass fuel consumed from the lifetime signal referred to in point 5.13 at the end of the fuel consumption measurement (kg)

• 8.13.15.5OBFCM total volume fuel consumed from the lifetime signal referred to in point 5.13 at the beginning of the fuel consumption measurement (l)

• 8.13.15.6OBFCM total volume fuel consumed from the lifetime signal referred to in point 5.13 at the end of the fuel consumption measurement (l)

• 8.13.15.7OBFCM accumulated engine mass fuel rate values from the instantaneous signal referred to in point 5.13 (kg)

• 8.13.15.8OBFCM accumulated engine volume fuel rate values from the instantaneous signal referred to in point 5.13 (l)

• 8.13.15.9OBFCM average total mass from the signal referred to in point 5.14 (kg)

• 8.13.15.10odometer reading at test end of the fuel consumption measurement (km)

• 8.13.15.11total mass fuel consumption value in the verification test measured (kg)

• 8.13.15.12total volume fuel consumption value in the verification test measured (l)

• 8.14.Software and user information

- 8.14.1.Simulation tool version (X.X.X)

• 8.14.2.Date and time of the simulation

• 8.15.Input to the simulation tool as set out in point 7.1.

- 8.16.Simulation output data

• 8.16.1.The aggregated simulation results

• The comma separated values file of the same name as the job file and with an extension ‘.vsum’ comprising the aggregated results of the simulated verification test that is generated by the simulation tool in its graphical user interface (GUI) version (‘sum exec data file’).

• 8.16.2.The time resolved simulation results

• The comma separated values file with the name comprising the VIN and the measurement data file name and with an extension ‘.vmod’ comprising the time resolved results of the simulated verification test that is generated by the simulation tool in its graphical user interface (GUI) version (‘mod data file’).