Resolução da Assembleia da República n.º 75-B/94 — Aprova, para ratificação, o Acordo Que Cria a Organização Mundial do Comércio, seus anexos, decisões, declarações…

2 - a) Negotiations under this Article may be carried out on a selective product-by-product basis or by the application of such multilateral procedures as may be accepted by the contracting parties concerned. Such negotiations may be directed towards the reduction of duties, the binding of duties at then existing levels or undertakings that individual duties or the average duties on specified categories of products shall not exceed specified levels. The binding against increase of low duties or of duty-free treatment shall, in principle, be recognized as a concession equivalent in value to the reduction of high duties.

3 - Negotiations shall be conducted on a basis which affords adequate opportunity to take into account:

Article XXIX

The relation of this Agreement to the Havana Charter

1 - The contracting parties undertake to observe to the fullest extent of their executive authority the general principles of Chapters I to VI inclusive and of Chapter IX of the Havana Charter pending their acceptance of it in accordance with their constitutional procedures *.

2 - Part II of this Agreement shall be suspended on the day on which the Havana Charter enters into force.

3 - If by September 30, 1949, the Havana Charter has not entered into force, the contracting parties shall meet before December 31, 1949, to agree whether this Agreement shall be amended, supplemented or maintained.

4 - If at any time the Havana Charter should cease to be in force, the Contracting Parties shall meet as soon as practicable thereafter to agree whether this Agreement shall be supplemented, amended or maintained. Pending such agreement, Part II of this Agreement shall again enter into force; provided that the provisions of Part II other than Article XXIII shall be replaced, mutatis mutandis, in the form in which they then appeared in the Havana Charter; and provided further that no contracting party shall be bound by any provisions which did not bind it at the time when the Havana Charter ceased to be in force.

5 - If any contracting party has not accepted the Havana Charter by the date upon which it enters into force, the Contracting Parties shall confer to agree whether, and if so in what way, this Agreement in so far as it affects relations between such contracting party and other contracting parties, shall be supplemented or amended. Pending such agreement the provisions of Part II of this Agreement shall, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, continue to apply as between such contracting party and other contracting parties.

6 - Contracting parties which are Members of the International Trade Organization shall not invoke the provisions of this Agreement so as to prevent the operation of any provision of the Havana Charter. The application of the principle underlying this paragraph to any contracting party which is not a Member of the International Trade Organization shall be the subject of an agreement pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article.

Article XXX

Amendments

1 - Except where provision for modification is made elsewhere in this Agreement, amendments to the provisions of Part I of this Agreement or the provisions of Article XXIX or of this Article shall become effective upon acceptance by all the contracting parties, and other amendments to this Agreement shall become effective, in respect of those contracting parties which accept them, upon acceptance by two-thirds of the contracting parties and thereafter for each other contracting party upon acceptance by it.

2 - Any contracting party accepting an amendment to this Agreement shall deposit an instrument of acceptance with the Secretary-General of the United Nations within such period as the Contracting Parties may specify. The Contracting Parties may decide that any amendment made effective under this Article is of such a nature that any contracting party which has not accepted it within a period specified by the Contracting Parties shall be free to withdraw from this Agreement, or to remain a contracting party with the consent of the Contracting Parties.

Article XXXI

Withdrawal

Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 12 of Article XVIII, of Article XXIII or of paragraph 2 of Article XXX, any contracting party may withdraw from this Agreement, or may separately withdraw on behalf of any of the separate customs territories for which it has international responsibility and which at the time possesses full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement. The withdrawal shall take effect upon the expiration of six months from the day on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article XXXII

Contracting Parties

1 - The contracting parties to this Agreement shall be understood to mean those governments which are applying the provisions of this Agreement under Articles XXVI or XXXIII or pursuant to the Protocol of Provisional Application.

2 - At any time after the entry into force of this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 6 of Article XXVI, those contracting parties which have accepted this Agreement pursuant to paragraph 4 of Article XXVI may decide that any contracting party which has not so accepted it shall cease to be a contracting party.

Article XXXIII

Accession

A government not party to this Agreement, or a government acting on behalf of a separate customs territory possessing full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement, may accede to this Agreement, on its own behalf or on behalf of that territory, on terms to be agreed between such government and the Contracting Parties. Decisions of the Contracting Parties under this paragraph shall be taken by a two-thirds majority.

Article XXXIV

Annexes

The annexes to this Agreement are hereby made an integral part of this Agreement.

Article XXXV

Non-application of the Agreement between Particular Contracting Parties

1 - This Agreement, or alternatively Article II of this Agreement, shall not apply as between any contracting party and any other contracting party if:

2 - The Contracting Parties may review the operation of this Article in particular cases at the request of any contracting party and make appropriate recommendations.

PART IV *

Trade and development

Article XXXVI

Principles and objectives

1 * - The contracting parties:

agree as follows.

2 - There is need for a rapid and sustained expansion of the export earnings of the less-developed contracting parties.

3 - There is need for positive efforts designed to ensure that less-developed contracting parties secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development.

4 - Given the continued dependence of many less-developed contracting parties on the exportation of a limited range of primary products *, there is need to provide in the largest possible measure more favourable and acceptable conditions of access to world markets for these products, and wherever appropriate to devise measures designed to stabilize and improve conditions of world markets in these products, including in particular measures designed to attain stable, equitable and remunerative prices, thus permitting an expansion of world trade and demand and a dynamic and steady growth of the real export earnings of these countries so as to provide them with expanding resources for their economic development.

5 - The rapid expansion of the economies of the less-developed contracting parties will be facilitated by a diversification * of the structure of their economies and the avoidance of an excessive dependence on the export of primary products. There is, therefore, need for increased access in the largest possible measure to markets under favourable conditions for processed and manufactured products currently or potentially of particular export interest to less-developed contracting parties.

6 - Because of the chronic deficiency in the export proceeds and other foreign exchange earnings of less-developed contracting parties, there are important interrelationships between trade and financial assistance to development. There is, therefore, need for close and continuing collaboration between the Contracting Parties and the international lending agencies so that they can contribute most effectively to alleviating the burdens these less-developed contracting parties assume in the interest of their economic development.

7 - There is need for appropriate collaboration between the Contracting Parties, other intergovernmental bodies and the organs and agencies of the United Nations system, whose activities relate to the trade and economic development of less-developed countries.

8 - The developed contracting parties do not expect reciprocity for commitments made by them in trade negotiations to reduce or remove tariffs and other barriers to the trade of less-developed contracting parties *.

9 - The adoption of measures to give effect to these principles and objectives shall be a matter of conscious and purposeful effort on the part of the contracting parties both individually and jointly.

Article XXXVII

Commitments

1 - The developed contracting parties shall to the fullest extent possible - that is, except when compelling reasons, which may include legal reasons, make it impossible - give effect to the following provisions:

ii) In any adjustments of fiscal policy accord high priority to the reduction and elimination of fiscal measures;

which would hamper, or which hamper, significantly the growth of consumption of primary products, in raw or processed form, wholly or mainly produced in the territories of less-developed contracting parties, and which are applied specifically to those products.

2 - a) Whenever it is considered that effect is not being given to any of the provisions of subparagraph a), b) or c) of paragraph 1, the matter shall be reported to the Contracting Parties either by the contracting party not so giving effect to the relevant provisions or by any other interested contracting party.

b):

ii) As the implementation of the provisions of subparagraph a), b) or c) of paragraph 1 by individual contracting parties may in some cases be more readily achieved where action is taken jointly with other developed contracting parties, such consultation might, where appropriate, be directed towards this end;

iii) The consultations by the Contracting Parties might also, in appropriate cases, be directed towards agreement on joint action designed to further the objectives of this Agreement as envisaged in paragraph 1 of Article XXV.

3 - The developed contracting parties shall:

4 - Less-developed contracting parties agree to take appropriate action in implementation of the provisions of Part IV for the benefit of the trade of other less-developed contracting parties, in so far as such action is consistent with their individual present and future development, financial and trade needs taking into account past trade developments as well as the trade interests of less-developed contracting parties as a whole.

5 - In the implementation of the commitments set forth in paragraph 1 to 4 each contracting party shall afford to any other interested contracting party or contracting parties full and prompt opportunity for consultations under the normal procedures of this Agreement with respect to any matter or difficulty which may arise.

Article XXXVIII

Joint action

1 - The contracting parties shall collaborate jointly, with the framework of this Agreement and elsewhere, as appropriate, to further the objectives set forth in Article XXXVI.

2 - In particular, the Contracting Parties shall:

ANNEX A

LIST OF TERRITORIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2, a), OF ARTICLE I

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Dependent territories of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern.

Ireland.

Canada.

Commonwealth of Australia.

Dependent territories of the Commonwealth of Australia.

New Zealand.

Dependent territories of New Zealand.

Union of South Africa including South West Africa.

Ireland.

India (as on April 10, 1947).

Newfoundland.

Southern Rhodesia.

Burma.

Ceylon.

Certain of the territories listed above have two or more preferential rates in force for certain products. Any such territory may, by agreement with the other contracting parties which are principal suppliers of such products at the most-favoured-nation rate, substitute for such preferential rates a single preferential rate which shall not on the whole be less favourable to suppliers at the most-favoured-nation rate than the preferences in force prior to such substitution.

The imposition of an equivalent margin of tariff preference to replace a margin of preference in an internal tax existing on April 10, 1947 exclusively between two or more of the territories listed in this Annex or to replace the preferential quantitative arrangements described in the following paragraph, shall not be deemed to constitute an increase in a margin of tariff preference.

The preferential arrangements referred to in paragraph 5, b), of Article XIV are those existing in the United Kingdom on 10 April 1947, under contractual agreements with the Governments of Canada, Australia and New Zealand, in respect of chilled and frozen beef and veal, frozen mutton and lamb, chilled and frozen pork and bacon. It is the intention, without prejudice to any action taken under subparagraph h) (ver nota 7) of Article XX, that these arrangements shall be eliminated or replaced by tariff preferences, and that negotiations to this end shall take place as soon as practicable among the countries substantially concerned or involved.

The film hire tax in force in New Zealand on 10 April 1947, shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, be treated as a customs duty under Article I. The renters' film quota in force in New Zealand on April 10, 1947, shall, for the purposes of this Agreement, be treated as a screen quota under Article IV.

The Dominions of India and Pakistan have not been mentioned separately in the above list since they had not come into existence as such on the base date of April 10, 1947.

(nota 7) The authentic text erroneously reads «part I, h)».

ANNEX B

LIST OF TERRITORIES OF THE FRENCH UNION REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2, b), OF ARTICLE I

France.

French Equatorial Africa (Treaty Basin of the Congo (ver nota 8) and other territories).

French West Africa.

Cameroons under French Trusteeship (ver nota 8).

French Somali Coast and Dependencies.

French Establishments in Oceania.

French Establishments in the Condominium of the New Hebrides (ver nota 8).

Indo-China.

Madagascar and Dependencies.

Morocco (French zone) (ver nota 8).

New Caledonia and Dependencies.

Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.

Togo under French Trusteeship (ver nota 8).

Tunisia.

(nota 8) For imports into Metropolitan France and Territories of the French Union.

ANNEX C

LIST OF TERRITORIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2, b), OF ARTICLE I AS RESPECTS THE CUSTOMS UNION OF BELGIUM, LUXEMBURG AND THE NETHERLANDS.

The Economic Union of Belgium and Luxemburg.

Belgian Congo.

Ruanda Urundi.

Netherlands.

New Guinea.

Surinam.

Netherlands Antilles.

Republic of Indonesia.

For imports into the territories constituting the Customs Union only.

ANNEX D

LIST OF TERRITORIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2, b), OF ARTICLE I AS RESPECTS THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

United States of America (customs territory).

Dependent territories of the United States of America.

Republic of the Philippines.

The imposition of an equivalent margin of tariff preference to replace a margin of preference in an internal tax existing on 10 April, 1947, exclusively between two or more of the territories listed in this Annex shall not be deemed to constitute an increase in a margin of tariff preference.

ANNEX E

LIST OF TERRITORIES COVERED BY PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN CHILE AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2, d), OF ARTICLE I.

Preferences in force exclusively between Chile on the one hand, and:

1) Argentina;

2) Bolivia;

3) Peru;

on the other hand.

ANNEX F

LIST OF TERRITORIES COVERED BY PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN LEBANON AND SYRIA AND NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 2, d), OF ARTICLE I.

Preferences in force exclusively between the Lebano-Syrian Customs Union, on the one hand, and:

1) Palestine;

2) Transjordan;

on the other hand.

ANNEX G

DATES ESTABLISHING MAXIMUM MARGINS OF PREFERENCE REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH 4 (ver nota 9) OF ARTICLE I

Australia - October 15, 1946.

Canada - July 1, 1939.

France - January 1, 1939.

Lebano-Syrian Customs Union - November 30, 1938.

Union of South Africa - July 1, 1938.

Southern Rhodesia - May 1, 1941.

(nota 9) The authentic text erroneously reads «paragraph 3».

ANNEX H

PERCENTAGE SHARES OF TOTAL EXTERNAL TRADE TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING THE DETERMINATION REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE XXVI (BASED ON THE AVERAGE OF 1949-1953).

If, prior to the accession of the Government of Japan to the General Agreement, the present Agreement has been accepted by contracting parties the external trade of which under column I accounts for the percentage of such trade specified in paragraph 6 of Article XXVI, column I shall be applicable for the purposes of that paragraph. If the present Agreement has not been so accepted prior to the accession of the Government of Japan, column II shall be applicable for the purposes of that paragraph.

([ver documento original](https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/1994/12/298a05/07561227.pdf))

Note: - These percentages have been computed taking into account the trade of all territories in respect of which the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade is applied.

ANNEX I

NOTES AND SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Ad Article 1

Paragraph 1:

The obligations incorporated in paragraph 1 of Article I by reference to paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III and those incorporated in paragraph 2, b), of Article II by reference to Article VI shall be considered as falling within Part II for the purposes of the Protocol of Provisional Application.

The cross-references, in the paragraph immediately above and in paragraph I of Article I, to paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III shall only apply after Article III has been modified by the entry into force of the amendment provided for in the Protocol Modifying Part II and Article XXVI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated September 14, 1948 (ver nota 10).

Paragraph 4:

The term «margin of preference» means the absolute difference between the most-favoured-nation rate of duty and the preferential rate of duty for the like product, and not the proportionate relation between those rates. As examples:

1) If the most-favoured-nation rate were 36 per cent ad valorem and the preferential rate were 24 per cent ad valorem, the margin of preference would be 12 per cent ad valorem, and not one-third of the most-favoured-nation rate;

2) If the most-favoured-nation rate were 36 per cent ad valorem and the preferential rate were expressed as two-thirds of the mostfavoured-nation rate, the margin of preference would be 12 per cent ad valorem;

3) If the most-favoured-nation rate were 2 francs per kilogramme and the preferential rate were 1.50 francs per kilogramme, the margin of preference would be 0.50 franc per kilogramme.

The following kinds of customs action, taken in accordance with established uniform procedures, would not be contrary to a general binding of margins of preference:

ii) The classification of a particular product under a tariff item other than that under which importations of that product were classified on April 10, 1947, in cases in which the tariff law clearly contemplates that such product may be classified under more than one tariff item.

(nota 10) This Protocol entered into force on 14 December 1948.

Ad Article II

Paragraph 2, a):

The cross-reference, in paragraph 2, a) of Article II, to paragraph 2 of Article III shall only apply after Article III has been modified by the entry into force of the amendment provided for in the Protocol Modifying Part II and Article XXVI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated September 14, 1948 (ver nota 11).

Paragraph 2, b):

See the note relating to paragraph 1 of Article I.

Paragraph 4:

Except where otherwise specifically agreed between the contracting parties which initially negotiated the concession, the provisions of this paragraph will be applied in the light of the provisions of Article 31 of the Havana Charter.

(nota 11) This Protocol entered into force on 14 December 1948.

Ad Article III

Any internal tax or other internal charge, or any law, regulation or requirement of the kind referred to in paragraph 1 which applies to an imported product and to the like domestic product and is collected or enforced in the case of the imported product at the time or point of importation, is nevertheless to be regarded as an internal tax or other internal charge, or a law, regulation or requirement of the kind referred to in paragraph 1, and is accordingly subject to the provisions of Article III.

Paragraph 1:

The application of paragraph 1 to internal taxes imposed by local governments and authorities with the territory of a contracting party is subject to the provisions of the final paragraph of Article XXIV. The term «reasonable measures» in the last-mentioned paragraph would not require, for example, the repeal of existing national legislation authorizing local governments to impose internal taxes which, although technically inconsistent with the letter of Article III, are not in fact inconsistent with its spirit, if such repeal would result in a serious financial hardship for the local governments or authorities concerned. With regard to taxation by local governments or authorities which is inconsistent with both the letter and spirit of Article III, the term «reasonable measures» would permit a contracting party to eliminate the inconsistent taxation gradually over a transition period, if abrupt action would create serious administrative and financial difficulties.

Paragraph 2:

A tax conforming to the requirements of the first sentence of paragraph 2 would be considered to be inconsistent with the provisions of the second sentence only in cases where competition was involved between, on the one hand, the taxed product and, on the other hand, a directly competitive or substitutable product which was not similarly taxed.

Paragraph 5:

Regulations consistent with the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph 5 shall not be considered to be contrary to the provisions of the second sentence in any case in which all of the products subject to the regulations are produced domestically in substantial quantities. A regulation cannot be justified as being consistent with the provisions of the second sentence on the ground that the proportion or amount allocated to each of the products which are the subject of the regulation constitutes an equitable relationship between imported and domestic products.

Ad Article V

Paragraph 5:

With regard to transportation charges, the principle laid down in paragraph 5 refers to like products being transported on the same route under like conditions.

Ad Article VI

Paragraph 1:

1 - Hidden dumping by associated houses (that is, the sale by an importer at a price below that corresponding to the price invoiced by an exporter with whom the importer is associated, and also below the price in the exporting country) constitutes a form of price dumping with respect to which the margin of dumping may be calculated on the basis of the price at which the goods are resold by the importer.

2 - It is recognized that, in the case of imports from a country which has a complete or substantially complete monopoly of its trade and where all domestic prices are fixed by the State, special difficulties may exist in determining price comparability for the purposes of paragraph 1, and in such cases importing contracting parties may find it necessary to take into account the possibility that a strict comparison with domestic prices in such a country may not always be appropriate.

Paragraphs 2 and 3:

1 - As in many other cases in customs administration, a contracting party may require reasonable security (bond or cash deposit) for the payment of anti-dumping or countervailing duty pending final determination of the facts in any case of suspected dumping or subsidization.

2 - Multiple currency practices can in certain circumstances constitute a subsidy to exports which may be by countervailing duties under paragraph 3 or can constitute a form of dumping by means of a partial depreciation of a country's currency which may be met by action under paragraph 2. By «multiple currency practices» is meant practices by governments or sanctioned by governments.

Paragraph 6, b):

Waivers under the provisions of this subparagraph shall be granted only on application by the contracting party proposing to levy an anti-dumping or countervailing duty, as the case may be.

Ad Article VII

Paragraph 1:

The expression «or other charges» is not to be regarded as including internal taxes or equivalent charges imposed on or in connection with imported products.

Paragraph 2:

1 - It would be in conformity with Article VII to presume that «actual value» may be represented by the invoice price, plus any non-included charges for legitimate costs which are proper elements of «actual value» and plus any abnormal discount or other reduction from the ordinary competitive price.

2 - It would be in conformity with Article VII, paragraph 2, b), for a contracting party to construe the phrase «in the ordinary course of trade [...] under fully competitive conditions», as excluding any transaction wherein the buyer and seller are not independent of each other and price is not the sole consideration.

3 - The standard of «fully competitive conditions» permits a contracting party to exclude from consideration prices involving special discounts limited to exclusive agents.

4 - The wording of subparagraphs a) and b) permits a contracting party to determine the value for customs purposes uniformly either 1) on the basis of a particular exporter's prices of the imported merchandise, or 2) on the basis of the general price level of like merchandise.

Ad Article VIII

1 - While Article VIII does not cover the use of multiple rates of exchange as such, paragraphs I and 4 condemn the use of exchange taxes or fees as a device for implementing multiple currency practices; if, however, a contracting party is using multiple currency exchange fees for balance of payments reasons with the approval of the International Monetary Fund, the provisions of paragraph 9, a), of Article XV fully safeguard its position.

2 - It would be consistent with paragraph 1 if, on the importation of products from the territory of a contracting party into the territory of another contracting party, the production of certificates of origin should only be required to the extent that is strictly indispensable.

Ad Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XVIII

Throughout Articles XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XVIII, the terms «import restrictions» or «export restrictions» include restrictions made effective through state-trading operations.

Ad Article XI

Paragraph 2 c):

The term «in any form» in this paragraph covers the same products when in an early stage of processing and still perishable, which compete directly with the fresh product and if freely imported would tend to make the restriction on the fresh product ineffective.

Paragraph 2, last subparagraph:

The term «special factors» includes changes in relative productive efficiency as between domestic and foreign producers, or as between different foreign producers, but not changes artificially brought about by means not permitted under the Agreement.

Ad Article XII

The Contracting Parties shall make provision for the utmost secrecy in the conduct of any consultation under the provisions of this Article.

Paragraph 3, c), i):

Contracting parties applying restrictions shall endeavour to avoid causing serious prejudice to exports of a commodity on which the economy of a contracting party is largely dependent.

Paragraph 4, b):

It is agreed that the date shall be within ninety days after the entry into force of the amendments of this Article effected by the Protocol Amending the Preamble and Parts II and III of this Agreement. However, should the Contracting Parties find that conditions were not suitable for the application of the provisions of this subparagraph at the time envisaged, they may determine a later date; provided that such date is not more than thirty days after such time as the obligations of Article VIII, Sections 2, 3 and 4, of the Articles of Agreements of the International Monetary Fund become applicable to contracting parties, members of the Fund, the combined foreign trade of which constitutes at least fifty per centum of the aggregate foreign trade of all contracting parties.

Paragraph 4, e):

It is agreed that paragraph 4, e), does not add any new criteria for the imposition or maintenance of quantitative restrictions for balance of payments reasons. It is solely intended to ensure that all external factors such as changes in the terms of trade, quantitative restrictions, excessive tariffs and subsidies, which may be contributing to the balance of payments difficulties of the contracting party applying restrictions, will be fully taken into account.

Ad Article XIII

Paragraph 2, d):

No mention was made of «commercial considerations» as a rule for the allocation of quotas because it was considered that its application by governmental authorities might not always be practicable. Moreover, in cases where it is practicable, a contracting party could apply these considerations in the process of seeking agreement, consistently with the general rule laid down in the opening sentence of paragraph 2.

Paragraph 4:

See note relating to «special factors» in connection with the last subparagraph of paragraph 2 of Article XI.

Ad Article XIV

Paragraph 1:

The provisions of this paragraph shall not be so construed as to preclude full consideration by the contracting parties, in the consultations provided for in paragraph 4 of Article XII and in paragraph 12 of Article XVIII, of the nature, effects and reasons for discrimination in the field of import restrictions.

Paragraph 2:

One of the situations contemplated in paragraph 2 is that of a contracting party holding balances acquired as a result of current transactions which it finds itself unable to use without a measure of discrimination.

Ad Article XV

Paragraph 4:

The word «frustrate» is intended to indicate, for example, that infringements of the letter of any Article of this Agreement by exchange action shall not be regarded as a violation of that Article if, in practice, there is no appreciable departure from the intent of the Article. Thus, a contracting party which, as part of its exchange control operated in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, requires payment to be received for its exports in its own currency or in the currency of one or more members of the International Monetary Fund will not thereby be deemed to contravene Article XI or Article XIII. Another example would be that of a contracting party which specifies on an import licence the country from which the goods may be imported, for the purpose not of introducing any additional element of discrimination in its import licensing system but of enforcing permissible exchange controls.

Ad Article XVI

The exemption of an exported product from duties or taxes borne by the like product when destined for domestic consumption, or the remission of such duties or taxes in amounts not in excess of those which have accrued, shall not be deemed to be a subsidy.

Section B:

1 - Nothing in Section B shall preclude the use by a contracting party of multiple rates of exchange in accordance with the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund.

2 - For the purposes of Section B, a «primary product» is understood to be any product of farm, forest or fishery, or any mineral, in its natural form or which has undergone such processing as is customarily required to prepare it for marketing in substantial volume in international trade.

Paragraph 3:

1 - The fact that a contracting party has not exported the product in question during the previous representative period would not in itself preclude that contracting party from establishing its right to obtain a share of the trade in the product concerned.

2 - A system for the stabilization of the domestic price or of the return to domestic producers of a primary product independently of the movements of export prices, which results at times in the sale of the product for export at a price lower than the comparable price charged for the like product to buyers in the domestic market, shall be considered not to involve a subsidy on exports within the meaning of paragraph 3 if the Contracting Parties determine that:

Notwithstanding such determination by the Contracting Parties, operations under such a system shall be subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 where they are wholly or partly financed out of government funds in addition to the funds collected from producers in respect of the product concerned.

Paragraph 4:

The intention of paragraph 4 is that the contracting parties should seek before the end of 1957 to reach agreement to abolish all remaining subsidies as from 1 January 1958; or, failing this, to reach agreement to extend the application of the standstill until the earliest date thereafter by which they can expect to reach such agreement.

Ad Article XVII

Paragraph 1:

The operations of Marketing Boards, which are established by contracting parties and are engaged in purchasing or selling, are subject to the provisions of subparagraphs a) and b).

The activities of Marketing Boards which are established by contracting parties and which do not purchase or sell but lay down regulations covering private trade are governed by the relevant Articles of this Agreement.

The charging by a state enterprise of different prices for its sales of a product in different markets is not precluded by the provisions of this Article, provided that such different prices are charged for commercial reasons, to meet conditions of supply and demand in export markets.

Paragraph 1, a):

Governmental measures imposed to insure standards of quality and efficiency in the operation of external trade, or privileges granted for the exploitation of national natural resources but which do not empower the government to exercise control over the trading activities of the enterprise in question, do not constitute «exclusive or special privileges».

Paragraph 1, b):

A country receiving a «tied loan» is free to take this loan into account as a «commercial consideration» when purchasing requirements abroad.

Paragraph 2:

The term «goods» is limited to products as understood in commercial practice, and is not intended to include the purchase or sale of services.

Paragraph 3:

Negotiations which contracting parties agree to conduct under this paragraph may be directed towards the reduction of duties and other charges on imports and exports or towards the conclusion of any other mutually satisfactory arrangement consistent with the provisions of this Agreement. (See paragraph 4 of Article 11 and the note to that paragraph.)

Paragraph 4, b):

The term «import mark-up» in this paragraph shall represent the margin by which the price charged by the import monopoly for the imported product (exclusive of internal taxes within the purview of Article 111, transportation, distribution, and other expenses incident to the purchase, sale or further processing, and a reasonable margin of profit) exceeds the landed cost.

Ad Article XVIII

The Contracting Parties and the contracting parties concerned shall preserve the utmost secrecy in respect of matters arising under this Article.

Paragraphs 1 and 4:

1 - When they consider whether the economy of a contracting party «can only support low standards of living», the Contracting Parties shall take into consideration the normal position of that economy and shall not base their determination on exceptional circumstances such as those which may result from the temporary existence of exceptionally favourable conditions for the staple export product or products of such contracting party.

2 - The phrase «in the early stages of development» is not meant to apply only to contracting parties which have just started their economic development, but also to contracting parties the economies of which are undergoing a process of industrialization to correct an excessive dependence on primary production.

Paragraphs 2, 3, 7, 13 and 22:

The reference to the establishment of particular industries shall apply not only to the establishment of a new industry, but also to the establishment of a new branch of production in an existing industry and to the substantial transformation of an existing industry, and to the substantial expansion of an existing industry supplying a relatively small proportion of the domestic demand. It shall also cover the reconstruction of an industry destroyed or substantially damaged as a result of hostilities or natural disasters.

Paragraph 7, b):

A modification or withdrawal, pursuant to paragraph 7, b), by a contracting party, other than the applicant contracting party, referred to in paragraph 7, a), shall be made within six months of the day on which the action is taken by the applicant contracting party, and shall become effective on the thirtieth day following the day on which such modification or withdrawal has been notified to the Contracting Parties.

Paragraph 11:

The second sentence in paragraph 11 shall not be interpreted to mean that a contracting party is required to relax or remove restrictions if such relaxation or removal would thereupon produce conditions justifying the intensification or institution, respectively, of restrictions under paragraph 9 of Article XVIII.

Paragraph 12, b):

The date referred to in paragraph 12, b), shall be the date determined by the Contracting Parties in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4, b), of Article XII of this Agreement.

Paragraphs 13 and 14:

It is recognized that, before deciding on the introduction of a measure and notifying the Contracting Parties in accordance with paragraph 14, a contracting party may need a reasonable period of time to assess the competitive position of the industry concerned.

Paragraphs 15 and 16:

It is understood that the Contracting Parties shall invite a contracting party proposing to apply a measure under Section C to consult with them pursuant to paragraph 16 if they are requested to do so by a contracting party the trade of which would be appreciably affected by the measure in question.

Paragraphs 16, 18, 19 and 22:

1 - It is understood that the Contracting Parties may concur in a proposed measure subject to specific conditions or limitations. If the measure as applied does not conform to the terms of the concurrence it will to that extent be deemed a measure in which the Contracting Parties have not concurred. In cases in which the Contracting Parties have concurred in a measure for a specified period, the contracting party concerned, if it finds that the maintenance of the measure for a further period of time is required to achieve the objective for which the measure was originally taken, may apply to the Contracting Parties for an extension of that period in accordance with the provisions and procedures of Section C or D, as the case may be.

2 - It is expected that the Contracting Parties will, as a rule, refrain from concurring in a measure which is likely to cause serious prejudice to exports of a commodity on which the economy of a contracting party is largely dependent.

Paragraph 18 and 22:

The phrase «that the interests of other contracting parties are adequately safeguarded» is meant to provide latitude sufficient to permit consideration in each case of the most appropriate method of safeguarding those interests. The appropriate method may, for instance, take the form of an additional concession to be applied by the contracting party having recourse to Section C or D during such time as the deviation from the other Articles of the Agreement would remain in force or of the temporary suspension by any other contracting party referred to in paragraph 18 of a concession substantially equivalent to the impairment due to the introduction of the measure in question. Such contracting party would have the right to safeguard its interests through such a temporary suspension of a concession; Provided that this right will not be exercised when, in the case of a measure imposed by a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4, a), the Contracting Parties have determined that the extent of the compensatory concession proposed was adequate.

Paragraph 19:

The provisions of paragraph 19 are intended to cover the cases where an industry has been in existence beyond the «reasonable period of time» referred to in the note to paragraphs 13 and 14, and should not be so construed as to deprive a contracting party coming within the scope of paragraph 4, a), of Article XVIII, of its right to resort to the other provisions of Section C, including paragraph 17, with regard to a newly established industry even though it has benefited from incidental protection afforded by balance of payments import restrictions.

Paragraph 21:

Any measure taken pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 21 shall be withdrawn forthwith if the action taken in accordance with paragraph 17 is withdrawn or if the Contracting Parties concur in the measure proposed after the expiration of the ninety-day time limit specified in paragraph 17.

Ad Article XX

Subparagraph h):

The exception provided for in this subparagraph extends to any commodity agreement which conforms to the principles approved by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 30 (IV) of 28 March 1947.

Ad Article XXIV

Paragraph 9:

It is understood that the provisions of Article I would require that, when a product which has been imported into the territory of a member of a customs union or free-trade area at a preferential rate of duty is re-exported to the territory of another member of such union or area, the latter member should collect a duty equal to the difference between the duty already paid and any higher duty that would be payable if the product were being imported directly into its territory.

Paragraph 11:

Measures adopted by India and Pakistan in order to carry out definitive trade arrangements between them, once they have been agreed upon, might depart from particular provisions of this Agreement, but these measures would in general be consistent with the objectives of the Agreement.

Ad Article XXVIII

The Contracting Parties and each contracting party concerned should arrange to conduct the negotiations and consultations with the greatest possible secrecy in order to avoid premature disclosure of details of prospective tariff changes. The Contracting Parties shall be informed immediately of all changes in national tariffs resulting from recourse to this Article.

Paragraph 1:

1 - If the Contracting Parties specify a period other than a three-year period, a contracting party may act pursuant to paragraph I or paragraph 3 of Article XXVIII on the first day following the expiration of such other period and, unless the Contracting Parties have again specified another period, subsequent periods will be three-year periods following the expiration of such specified period.

2 - The provision that on 1 January 1958, and on other days determined pursuant to paragraph 1, a contracting party «may [...] modify or withdraw a concession» means that on such day, and on the first day after the end of each period, the legal obligation of such contracting party under Article II is altered; it does not mean that the changes in its customs tariff should necessarily be made effective on that day. If a tariff change resulting from negotiations undertaken pursuant to this Article is delayed, the entry into force of any compensatory concessions may be similarly delayed.

3 - Not earlier than six months, nor later than three months, prior to 1 January 1958, or to the termination date of any subsequent period, a contracting party wishing to modify or withdraw any concession embodied in the appropriate Schedule, should notify the Contracting Parties to this effect. The Contracting Parties shall then determine the contracting party or contracting parties with which the negotiations or consultations referred to in paragraph 1 shall take place. Any contracting party so determined shall participate in such negotiations or consultations with the applicant contracting party with the aim of reaching agreement before the end of the period. Any extension of the assured life of the Schedules shall relate to the Schedules as modified after such negotiations, in accordance with paragraphs l, 2, and 3 of Article XXVIII. If the Contracting Parties are arranging for multilateral tariff negotiations to take place within the period of six months before 1 January 1958, or before any other day determined pursuant to paragraph 1, they shall include in the arrangements for such negotiations suitable procedures for carrying out the negotiations referred to in this paragraph.

4 - The object of providing for the participation in the negotiation of any contracting party with a principle supplying interest, in addition to any contracting party with which the concession was originally negotiated, is to ensure that a contracting party with a larger share in the trade affected by the concession than a contracting party with which the concession was originally negotiated shall have an effective opportunity to protect the contractual right which it enjoys under this Agreement. On the other hand, it is not intended that the scope of the negotiations should be such as to make negotiations and agreement under Article XXVIII unduly difficult nor to create complications in the application of this Article in the future to concessions which result from negotiations thereunder. Accordingly, the Contracting Parties should only determine that a contracting party has a principal supplying interest if that contracting party has had, over a reasonable period of time prior to the negotiations, a larger share in the market of the applicant contracting party than a contracting party with which the concession was initially negotiated or would, in the judgement of the Contracting Parties, have had such a share in the absence of discriminatory quantitative restrictions maintained by the applicant contracting party. It would therefore not be appropriate for the Contracting Parties to determine that more than one contracting party, or in those exceptional cases where there is near equality more than two contracting parties, had a principal supplying interest.

5 - Notwithstanding the definition of a principal supplying interest in note 4 to paragraph 1, the Contracting Parties may exceptionally determine that a contracting party has a principal supplying interest if the concession in question affects trade which constitutes a major part of the total exports of such contracting party.

6 - It is not intended that provision for participation in the negotiations of any contracting party with a principal supplying interest, and for consultation with any contracting party having a substantial interest in the concession which the applicant contracting party is seeking to modify or withdraw, should have the effect that it should have to pay compensation or suffer retaliation greater than the withdrawal or modification sought, judged in the light of the conditions of trade at the time of the proposed withdrawal or modification, making allowance for any discriminatory quantitative restrictions maintained by the applicant contracting party.

7 - The expression «substantial interest» is not capable of a precise definition and accordingly may present difficulties for the Contracting Parties. It is, however, intended to be construed to cover only those contracting parties which have, or in the absence of discriminatory quantitative restrictions affecting their exports could reasonably be expected to have, a significant share in the market of the contracting party seeking to modify or withdraw the concession.

Paragraph 4:

1 - Any request for authorization to enter into negotiations shall be accompanied by all relevant statistical and other data. A decision on such request shall be made within thirty days of its submission.

2 - It is recognized that to permit certain contracting parties, depending in large measure on a relatively small number of primary commodities and relying on the tariff as an important aid for furthering diversification of their economies or as an important source of revenue, normally to negotiate for the modification or withdrawal of concessions only under paragraph 1 of Article XXVIII, might cause them at such time to make modifications or withdrawals which in the long run would prove unnecessary. To avoid such a situation the Contracting Parties shall authorize any such contracting party, under paragraph 4, to enter into negotiations unless they consider this would result in, or contribute substantially towards, such an increase in tariff levels as to threaten the stability of the Schedules to this Agreement or lead to undue disturbance of international trade.

3 - It is expected that negotiations authorized under paragraph 4 for modification or withdrawal of a single item, or a very small group of items, could normally be brought to a conclusion in sixty days. It is recognized, however, that such a period will be inadequate for cases involving negotiations for the modification or withdrawal of a larger number of items and in such cases, therefore, it would be appropriate for the Contracting Parties to prescribe a longer period.

4 - The determination referred to in paragraph 4, d), shall be made by the Contracting Parties within thirty days of the submission of the matter to them unless the applicant contracting party agrees to a longer period.

5 - In determining under paragraph 4, d), whether an applicant contracting party has unreasonably failed to offer adequate compensation, it is understood that the Contracting Parties will take due account of the special position of a contracting party which has bound a high proportion of its tariffs at very low rates of duty and to this extent has less scope than other contracting parties to make compensatory adjustment.

Ad Article XXVIII bis

Paragraph 3:

It is understood that the reference to fiscal needs would include the revenues aspect of duties and particularly duties imposed primarily for revenue purpose, or duties imposed on products which can be substituted for products subject to revenue duties to prevent the avoidance of such duties.

Ad Article XXIX

Paragraph 1:

Chapters VII and VIII of the Havana Charter have been excluded from paragraph I because they generally deal with the organization, functions and procedures of the International Trade Organization.

Ad Part IV

The words «developed contracting parties» and the words «less-developed contracting parties» as used in Part IV are to be understood to refer to developed and less-developed countries which are parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

Ad Article XXXVI

Paragraph 1:

This Article is based upon the objectives set forth in Article I as it will be amended by Section A of paragraph 1 of the Protocol Amending Part I and Articles XXIX and XXX when that Protocol enters into force (ver nota 12).

Paragraph 4:

The term «primary products» includes agricultural products, vide paragraph 2 of the note ad Article XVI, Section B.

Paragraph 5:

A diversification programme would generally include the intensification of activities for the processing of primary products and the development of manufacturing industries, taking into account the situation of the particular contracting party and the world outlook for production and consumption of different commodities.

Paragraph 8:

It is understood that the phrase «do not expect reciprocity» means, in accordance with the objectives set forth in this Article, that the less-developed contracting parties should not be expected, in the course of trade negotiations, to make contributions which are inconsistent with their individual development, financial and trade needs, taking into consideration past trade developments.

This paragraph would apply in the event of action under Section A of Article XVIII, Article XXVIII, Article XXVIII bis [Article XXIX after the amendment set forth in Section A of paragraph 1 of the Protocol Amending Part I and Articles XXIX and XXX shall have become effective (ver nota 13)], Article XXXIII, or any other procedure under this Agreement.

Ad Article XXXVII

Paragraph 1, a):

This paragraph would apply in the event of negotiations for reduction or elimination of tariffs or other restrictive regulations of commerce under Articles XXVIII, XXVIII bis [XXIX after the amendment set forth in Section A of paragraph 1 of the Protocol Amending Part I and Articles XXIX and XXX shall have become effective (ver nota 13)], and Article XXXIII, as well as in connection with other action to effect such reduction or elimination which contracting parties may be able to undertake.

Paragraph 3, b):

The other measures referred to in this paragraph might include steps to promote domestic structural changes, to encourage the consumption of particular products, or to introduce measures of trade promotion.

(nota 12) This Protocol was abandoned on 1 January 1968.

(nota 13) This Protocol was abandoned on 1 January 1968.

ACTO FINAL, QUE CONSAGRA OS RESULTADOS DAS NEGOCIAÇÕES COMERCIAIS MULTILATERAIS DO URUGUAY ROUND.

LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS

MGA - Medida global de apoio (Acordo sobre a Agricultura).

BISD - Instrumentos de base e documentos seleccionados (publicados pelo GATT).

CCA - Conselho de Cooperação Aduaneira.

Secretariado do CCA - Secretariado do Conselho de Cooperação Aduaneira.

Memorando de Entendimento sobre Resolução de Litígios (MERL) - Memorando de Entendimento sobre as Regras e Processos Que Regem a Resolução de Litígios.

ORL - Órgão de Resolução de Litígios.

FAO - Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura.

GATS - Acordo Geral sobre o Comércio de Serviços.

GATT de 1994 - Acordo Geral sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio de 1994.

SH - Sistema Harmonizado de Designação e de Codificação das Mercadorias.

FMI - Fundo Monetário Internacional.

ISO - Organização Internacional de Normalização.

ISO/CEI - ISO/Comissão Electrotécnica Internacional.

AMF - Acordo Relativo ao Comércio Internacional de Têxteis.

GPP - Grupo Permanente de Peritos (Acordo sobre as Subvenções e as Medidas de Compensação).

SMC - Subvenções e Medidas de Compensação.

Secretariado - Secretariado da Organização Mundial do Comércio.

SE - Salvaguarda especial (Acordo sobre a Agricultura).

TE - Tratamento especial (Anexo 5, Acordo sobre a Agricultura).

OST - Órgão de Supervisão dos Têxteis.

OEPC - Órgão de Exame das Políticas Comerciais.

MEPC - Mecanismo de Exame das Políticas Comerciais.

TRIM - Medidas de Investimento Relacionadas com o Comércio.

TRIPS - Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados com o Comércio.

OVT - Órgão de Vigilância dos Têxteis.

Banco Mundial - Banco Internacional de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento.

OMC - Organização Mundial do Comércio.

Acordo OMC - Acordo Que Cria a Organização Mundial do Comércio.

ACTO FINAL, QUE CONSAGRA OS RESULTADOS DAS NEGOCIAÇÕES COMERCIAIS MULTILATERAIS DO URUGUAY ROUND.

1 - Tendo-se reunido a fim de concluírem as negociações comerciais multilaterais do Uruguay Round, os Representantes dos Governos e das Comunidades Europeias, membros do Comité das Negociações Comerciais, acordam em que o Acordo Que Cria a Organização Mundial do Comércio (designado por «Acordo OMC» no presente Acto Final), as Declarações e Decisões Ministeriais e Memorando de Entendimento sobre os Compromissos em matéria de Serviços Financeiros, que figuram em anexo, consagram os resultados das suas negociações e fazem parte integrante do presente Acto Final.

2 - Ao assinarem o presente Acto Final, os Representantes acordam em:

3 - Os Representantes acordam em que é desejável que o Acordo OMC seja aceite por todos os participantes nas negociações comerciais multilaterais do Uruguay Round (a seguir designados «participantes»), a fim de que possa entrar em vigor em 1 de Janeiro de 1995 ou o mais rapidamente possível após essa data. Em conformidade com o último parágrafo da Declaração Ministerial de Punta Del Este, os Ministros reunir-se-ão, o mais tardar no [final de 1994], a fim de decidirem da aplicação, a nível internacional, dos resultados, incluindo a data da sua entrada em vigor.

4 - Os Representantes acordam em que o Acordo OMC no seu conjunto ficará aberto à aceitação, através de assinatura ou de qualquer outro modo, de todos os participantes, em conformidade com o disposto no seu artigo XIV. A aceitação e a entrada em vigor de um acordo comercial plurilateral incluído no Anexo 4 do Acordo OMC serão regidas pelas disposições desse mesmo acordo comercial plurianual.

5 - Antes de aceitarem o Acordo OMC, os participantes que não sejam Parte Contratante no Acordo Geral sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio devem ter concluído as negociações de adesão ao Acordo Geral e ter-se tornado Parte Contratante nesse Acordo. Relativamente aos participantes que não sejam Parte Contratante no Acordo Geral à data do Acto Final, as listas não são definitivas e serão subsequentemente ultimadas tendo em vista a sua adesão ao Acordo Geral e a aceitação do Acordo OMC.

6 - O presente Acto Final e os textos que figuram nos Anexos que o acompanham serão depositados junto do Director-Geral das Partes Contratantes no Acordo Geral sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio, que enviará no mais curto prazo de tempo uma cópia autenticada a cada participante.

Feito em Marráquexe, aos 15 de Abril de 1994, num único exemplar, em língua espanhola, francesa e inglesa, fazendo fé qualquer dos textos.

(Lista das assinaturas a incluir no exemplar do Acto Final para assinatura.)

ACORDO QUE CRIA A ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DO COMÉRCIO

As Partes no presente Acordo:

Reconhecendo que as suas relações no domínio comercial e económico deveriam ser orientadas tendo em vista a melhoria dos níveis de vida, a realização do pleno emprego e um aumento acentuado e constante dos rendimentos reais e da procura efectiva, bem como o desenvolvimento da produção e do comércio de mercadorias e serviços, permitindo simultaneamente optimizar a utilização dos recursos mundiais em consonância com o objectivo de um desenvolvimento sustentável que procure proteger e preservar o ambiente e aperfeiçoar os meios para atingir esses objectivos de um modo compatível com as respectivas necessidades e preocupações a diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento económico;

Reconhecendo ainda que é necessário envidar esforços positivos no sentido de assegurar que os países em desenvolvimento e, em especial, os países menos desenvolvidos beneficiem de uma parte do crescimento do comércio internacional que corresponda às suas necessidades de desenvolvimento económico;

Desejosas de contribuir para a realização destes objectivos mediante a conclusão de acordos recíprocos e mutuamente vantajosos tendo em vista a redução substancial dos direitos aduaneiros e de outros entraves ao comércio, bem como a eliminação do tratamento discriminatório nas relações comerciais internacionais;

Resolvidas, por conseguinte, a desenvolver um sistema comercial multilateral integrado, mais viável e duradouro, que integre o Acordo Geral sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio, os resultados dos esforços de liberalização comercial empreendidos no passado e todos os resultados das negociações comerciais multilaterais do Uruguay Round;

Determinados a preservar os princípios fundamentais e a promover a realização dos objectivos subjacentes a este sistema comercial multilateral;

acordam no seguinte:

Artigo I

Criação da Organização

É criada a Organização Mundial do Comércio (a seguir designada «a OMC»).

Artigo II

Âmbito da OMC

1 - A OMC constituirá o enquadramento institucional comum para a condução das relações comerciais entre os seus Membros em questões relativas aos acordos e aos instrumentos jurídicos conexos que figuram nos Anexos do presente Acordo.

2 - Os acordos e os instrumentos jurídicos conexos que figuram nos Anexos 1, 2 e 3 (a seguir designados «acordos comerciais multilaterais») fazem parte integrante do presente Acordo e são vinculativos para todos os Membros.

3 - Os acordos e os instrumentos jurídicos conexos que figuram no Anexo 4 (a seguir designados «acordos comerciais plurilaterais») fazem igualmente parte do presente Acordo para os Membros que os tenham aceitado, sendo vinculativos para esses Membros. Os acordos comerciais plurilaterais não criam obrigações nem direitos para os Membros que não os tenham aceitado.

4 - O Acordo Geral sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio de 1994, tal como figura no Anexo 1A (a seguir designado «GATT de 1994»), é juridicamente distinto do Acordo Geral sobre Pautas Aduaneiras e Comércio, de 30 de Outubro de 1947, que acompanha o Acto Final adoptado aquando da conclusão da segunda sessão do Comité Preparatório da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Emprego, tal como posteriormente rectificado ou alterado (a seguir designado «GATT de 1947»).

Artigo III

Funções da OMC

1 - A OMC facilitará a aplicação, gestão e funcionamento do presente Acordo e dos acordos comerciais multilaterais e promoverá a realização dos seus objectivos, constituindo igualmente o enquadramento para a aplicação, gestão e funcionamento dos acordos comerciais plurilaterais.